Cara penggunaan obat part 1

Summary

In this lesson, the focus is on the different methods of administering medications to patients, covering both systemic and local effects. The teacher explains various routes of drug administration, such as oral, sublingual, parenteral, and rectal, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Key factors influencing drug administration, including patient condition, desired effect, and physicochemical properties of the drug, are discussed. The session emphasizes the importance of understanding these factors to ensure proper medication use. The lesson concludes with practical tips on choosing the right drug administration method for specific patient needs.

Takeaways

• 😀 The session focuses on understanding how to administer medication to patients, covering both systemic and local effects.
• 😀 Systemic effects involve drugs that affect the entire body, while local effects target specific areas like the skin, eyes, or mucosa.
• 😀 Drugs that provide systemic effects include oral, sublingual, buccal, parenteral, transdermal, and rectal medications.
• 😀 Local effects can be achieved through drugs like creams, ointments, or inhalers, with the treatment being focused on specific body parts.
• 😀 Factors influencing drug administration include the desired effect (systemic or local), the patient's condition (e.g., unconsciousness), and the physicochemical properties of the drug.
• 😀 Oral medication administration has the advantages of being easy, economical, and practical, but can cause stomach irritation and require the patient to be conscious.
• 😀 Mucosal drug administration (e.g., sublingual and buccal) has faster effects compared to oral drugs, but may cause irritation or require the drug to be lipophilic.
• 😀 Sublingual administration (under the tongue) avoids first-pass metabolism, making it faster, and is commonly used for drugs like isosorbide dinitrate.
• 😀 Buccal administration (between the cheek and gum) is also effective for fast action, but can irritate the mouth and requires lipophilic drugs.
• 😀 Parenteral drug administration involves injections (e.g., subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular) and is typically faster and more precise but requires medical expertise and sterile conditions.

Q & A

What are systemic effects in medication administration?

Systemic effects refer to the effects a drug has on all parts of the body after being administered, typically through the bloodstream, resulting in a body-wide impact.

What factors influence the choice of drug administration method?

The factors include the desired effect (systemic or local), the patient's condition, and the physicochemical properties of the drug (whether it's lipophilic or hydrophilic).

What are the main routes for systemic drug administration?

Systemic drugs can be administered orally, sublingually, buccally, parenterally, transdermally, and rectally, each having specific advantages depending on the condition of the patient and the drug's properties.

What are the advantages of oral drug administration?

Oral drug administration is easier, more economical, practical, and does not require sterile conditions, making it more accessible for patients, especially for self-medication.

What are the disadvantages of oral drug administration?

Oral administration can have an unpleasant taste, cause stomach or intestinal irritation, require the patient to be conscious, and experience metabolism in the liver, which may reduce the drug's efficacy.

Why are certain drugs not suitable for oral administration?

Drugs that irritate the stomach, are broken down by stomach acid, or require local effects (like intestinal infections) should not be given orally as they would either lose effectiveness or cause adverse effects.

What is the difference between sublingual and buccal administration?

Sublingual administration involves placing the drug under the tongue for fast absorption into the bloodstream, while buccal administration involves placing the drug between the cheek and gum. Both methods allow for faster absorption compared to oral ingestion.

What are the benefits of parenteral drug administration?

Parenteral administration allows for faster absorption, can be used for unconscious patients, and is useful for delivering very small doses that might not be effective orally.

What are the challenges associated with parenteral drug administration?

The challenges include the need for medical personnel to administer the drug, potential discomfort or pain at the injection site, and the requirement for sterile conditions to avoid infection.

What are the benefits of transdermal drug administration?

Transdermal administration provides continuous delivery of the drug through the skin, allowing for a steady release into the bloodstream without requiring sterile conditions.

What is an implant in drug administration, and when is it used?

An implant is a sterile device inserted under the skin for long-term drug delivery, often used for contraception or long-term treatment where continuous drug administration is needed.