PROSEDUR TRANSFUSI DARAH

Summary

This video demonstrates the procedure of blood transfusion on a patient, starting from patient preparation to the actual transfusion process. The doctor introduces the necessary tools and explains the steps involved, including blood sample collection, blood product compatibility checks, and monitoring vital signs before and during the transfusion. The video emphasizes the importance of careful monitoring for potential reactions during the procedure, from mild to severe, and provides guidance on how to handle such reactions. The doctor reassures the patient about safety measures, hoping for a successful outcome.

Takeaways

• 😀 The demonstration focuses on blood transfusion procedures for a patient, starting with necessary preparations.
• 😀 Important materials for the transfusion include saline solution, blood products, alcohol swabs, tourniquet, gloves, and a blood bag.
• 😀 Prior to the transfusion, patient identification and blood compatibility checks are essential to avoid mistakes.
• 😀 A blood sample is taken from the patient for testing, ensuring the correct blood type and compatibility before proceeding.
• 😀 Blood bag compatibility is checked by comparing the patient's name, birthdate, and blood type with the information on the blood bag label.
• 😀 The blood bag should not be expired, should not show signs of leakage or discoloration, and must be handled with care to avoid contamination.
• 😀 Vital signs, such as blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and respiration, are recorded before starting the transfusion.
• 😀 The procedure involves connecting the blood bag to an intravenous line and monitoring the transfusion closely, especially during the first 15 minutes.
• 😀 In case of a transfusion reaction, treatment steps are provided based on the severity, ranging from antihistamines for mild reactions to stopping the transfusion and administering oxygen for severe reactions.
• 😀 After the transfusion, the used equipment is disposed of properly, and hands are washed to maintain hygiene and prevent infections.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the blood transfusion demonstration in the video?

The purpose of the demonstration is to show the proper technique for administering a blood transfusion to a patient, ensuring that the procedure is performed safely and effectively.

What preparations are needed before starting the blood transfusion procedure?

The necessary preparations include gathering the required equipment such as IV fluids (NaCl 0.9%), transfusion bags, blood products, alcohol swabs, tourniquet, gloves, and a needle for blood sampling.

How is the patient's identity verified before starting the procedure?

The patient's identity is verified by asking the patient to confirm their name, date of birth, and address. These details are cross-checked with the medical records to ensure correct identification.

What steps are involved in taking the blood sample for the transfusion?

The procedure starts by choosing a visible vein, cleaning the area with alcohol, and then inserting a needle to draw blood. The sample is placed in a tube, and the identification of the patient is recorded to avoid errors.

Why is it important to check the compatibility of the blood before transfusion?

Checking blood compatibility is crucial to prevent adverse reactions. It ensures that the blood type and other characteristics of the transfusion blood match the patient's blood to avoid complications like hemolysis.

What should be checked on the blood bag before use?

The blood bag should be checked for the correct blood type, expiration date, and any signs of damage or contamination such as discoloration, leaks, or clots.

What is the recommended speed for administering the blood transfusion?

The blood transfusion should generally be administered at a speed of 10 drops per minute during the first 15 minutes. Afterward, the speed can be adjusted based on the patient's condition, typically ranging from 20-40 drops per minute.

What should be done if a transfusion reaction occurs?

If a transfusion reaction occurs, the transfusion should be stopped immediately. For mild reactions, antihistamines may be given. For moderate to severe reactions, the transfusion should be halted, and other interventions like administering oxygen or using a different infusion line may be necessary.

How are vital signs monitored during the transfusion?

Vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature are monitored before the transfusion to establish a baseline. The first 15 minutes of the transfusion are critical, so vital signs should be observed closely for any signs of adverse reactions.

What happens after the transfusion is completed?

After the transfusion, any used equipment should be disposed of properly, and the healthcare provider should wash their hands. The patient's condition is monitored for any delayed reactions, and all records should be updated.