Pemasangan Tranfusi Darah dan Warmer, Jenis Cairan, Penghitungan Kebutuhan Cairan, Penghitungan TPM

Summary

This instructional video guides viewers through the process of performing a blood transfusion using a blood warmer. It covers the rationale for transfusion, such as low hemoglobin levels, and the steps involved, including patient preparation, blood matching, vital sign monitoring, and the operation of the blood warmer. The video demonstrates the process of connecting the blood bag, monitoring the patient's condition for reactions, adjusting the infusion rate, and ensuring the patient’s comfort and safety throughout. The procedure concludes with a post-transfusion check-up, confirming the patient's improvement in vital signs.

Takeaways

• 😀 The procedure begins with the proper greeting and confirming the patient's identity and blood type.
• 😀 Blood transfusions are necessary when a patient’s hemoglobin (HB) is lower than normal.
• 😀 The blood must be warmed before transfusion to prevent the patient from going into shock due to low temperatures.
• 😀 Blood transfusions now use blood warmers (like the Blade Warmer), replacing older methods of blood infusion.
• 😀 Always start by washing hands and wearing gloves to maintain hygiene during the procedure.
• 😀 Confirm the patient’s vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and respiratory rate) before proceeding.
• 😀 If the patient is already receiving saline (NaCl), there’s no need to flush the IV line before starting the transfusion.
• 😀 The transfusion process should be monitored closely for the first 15 minutes to check for any allergic reactions or side effects.
• 😀 After the transfusion begins, observe the patient’s comfort and check for signs of discomfort, such as coldness or dizziness.
• 😀 Once the transfusion is completed, measure the patient’s vital signs again to ensure no negative reactions, and then clean up and dispose of materials properly.

Q & A

Why is blood transfusion necessary for patients?

Blood transfusion is necessary when a patient has low hemoglobin (HB) levels, which can be due to various medical conditions. A low HB count requires blood transfusion to replenish the necessary blood components.

What is the importance of using a blood warmer during a blood transfusion?

A blood warmer is used to heat the blood to body temperature. Blood is stored at a low temperature to prevent damage. If administered cold, it could cause shock in the patient. The blood warmer ensures that the blood is at the right temperature before transfusion.

What vital signs should be observed before starting the blood transfusion?

Before starting the transfusion, it is essential to monitor the patient's vital signs, including blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature.

How is the blood type and patient identity checked before transfusion?

The patient's identity is confirmed by verifying their name, age, and blood type with the blood bag. The blood type of the patient is also checked to ensure compatibility with the donor blood.

What is the process of priming the IV line before transfusion?

Before transfusing blood, the IV line must be primed with normal saline if a different fluid was previously used. For the patient in this case, normal saline was already administered, so no priming was necessary.

How long should the blood bag be warmed before starting the transfusion?

The blood bag should be warmed for about 5 minutes using the blood warmer to ensure it reaches the correct temperature for transfusion.

What is the initial flow rate when starting the transfusion?

The initial flow rate is 1 mL per minute, and this rate is maintained for 15 minutes while monitoring for any allergic reactions or discomfort in the patient.

How do you assess if the transfusion is progressing without issues?

The patient’s vital signs should be checked again after 15 minutes, looking for any changes, such as discomfort or allergic reactions. If the patient’s condition is stable, the transfusion rate can be increased.

What should be done if no adverse reactions are observed after 15 minutes?

If there are no adverse reactions after 15 minutes, the blood transfusion rate can be increased to 4 mL per minute, and the transfusion will continue until the blood bag is empty, typically within 2 hours.

How do you ensure the patient remains stable after the transfusion?

After the transfusion is complete, the patient’s vital signs should be monitored again to ensure they remain stable. The blood pressure, pulse, and temperature are checked to confirm there are no negative reactions or complications.