Salud y adolescencia. 4°2da Noxas. Prof. Julieta Di Pasqua

Summary

This educational lecture covers the concept of noxas, or factors that lead to diseases, explaining their various types. The speaker delves into biological noxas such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, highlighting specific diseases like tuberculosis, syphilis, and cholera. Chemical noxas, including toxins and pollutants, as well as physical noxas like radiation and trauma, are also discussed. The lecture concludes with psychosocial noxas such as stress, depression, and abuse, emphasizing their difficult-to-detect nature but serious impacts on health. The content provides valuable insights into the different agents responsible for disease and their effects on the human body.

Takeaways

• 😀 Noxas are factors that cause diseases, but are not the diseases themselves. They can be biological, chemical, physical, or psychosociocultural.
• 😀 Viruses are biological noxas and are not considered living organisms but intracellular parasites that need to invade cells to replicate.
• 😀 Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms and can be classified based on their shape, such as cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral-shaped).
• 😀 Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms and can cause diseases like malaria, Chagas, and toxoplasmosis, depending on their type and lifecycle.
• 😀 Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients from other organisms. Some, like Candida, cause infections, especially when the immune system is weakened.
• 😀 Animals, or metazoans, can be external (ectoparasites like lice and fleas) or internal (endoparasites like flatworms and roundworms).
• 😀 Chemical noxas include toxic substances like carbon monoxide, industrial emissions, and venom from animals such as snakes and scorpions.
• 😀 Physical noxas include environmental factors such as radiation, ultraviolet rays, and electric shock that can cause harm to the body.
• 😀 Psychosociocultural noxas are psychological and social factors like stress, low self-esteem, discrimination, and abuse, which can lead to mental health issues.
• 😀 It's essential to prevent and address exposure to noxas (biological, chemical, physical, and psychosociocultural) to maintain good health and avoid long-term damage.

Q & A

What is a noxa and how is it different from a disease?

A noxa is an agent or factor that causes disease, but it is not the disease itself. For example, a virus or lack of vitamins can be a noxa, while the disease is the result of the noxa affecting the body.

What are the different types of noxas mentioned in the transcript?

The transcript mentions biological, chemical, physical, and psychosociocultural noxas. Each category includes various examples such as viruses, bacteria, toxins, radiation, and stress.

How are viruses classified as biological noxas?

Viruses are classified as biological noxas based on their type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and whether they are enveloped or non-enveloped viruses. Enveloped viruses have an outer protein coating, while non-enveloped viruses do not.

What is the role of bacteria in biological noxas, and how are they classified?

Bacteria are unicellular organisms that can cause diseases in humans. They are classified based on their shape into categories like cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral-shaped), and vibrio (comma-shaped). Examples include meningococci causing meningitis and Treponema pallidum causing syphilis.

What are protozoa and how do they contribute to diseases?

Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that can parasitize humans. They are classified based on their movement structures, such as flagellates (e.g., Trypanosoma causing Chagas disease), ciliates, and sporozoans (e.g., Toxoplasma causing toxoplasmosis).

What are the main types of fungi that act as noxas, and what diseases do they cause?

Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that can cause diseases like candidiasis and athlete's foot. For instance, Candida auris causes candidiasis, while Tinea pedis causes athlete's foot, both linked to weakened immune systems.

What are the different types of animals that can be noxas, and how are they classified?

Animals that act as noxas include metazoans like insects and worms. They are classified into ectoparasites (external parasites like lice and mites) and endoparasites (internal parasites like flatworms and roundworms).

What are chemical noxas and how do they affect health?

Chemical noxas include toxic substances that can enter the body accidentally, like carbon monoxide, or through environmental exposure such as industrial emissions or poisonous animals. For example, venom from snakes like coral snakes and rattlesnakes can cause death, and lead exposure from old pipes can lead to poisoning.

How can physical noxas impact the human body?

Physical noxas include environmental factors like radiation, burns from ultraviolet exposure, pressure differences (e.g., in diving), and electric shocks. These can cause harm through mechanisms like malformations or bodily trauma.

What are psychosociocultural noxas and why are they difficult to detect?

Psychosociocultural noxas involve psychological and social factors such as stress, abuse, discrimination, and lack of affection. These factors are difficult to detect because their effects, like low self-esteem or phobias, are often indirect and can be caused by subtle or ongoing social issues.