Sistem Penanggalan Kalender Masehi dan Hijriyah

Summary

In this educational video, viewers learn about two main types of calendars: the Gregorian (Masehi) and the Islamic (Hijriyah). The video explains the basic concepts of each calendar, focusing on their systems of timekeeping. The Gregorian calendar is based on the Earth's revolution around the Sun, with years consisting of 365 or 366 days. The Hijriyah calendar, on the other hand, is based on the Moon's revolution around the Earth, with years typically consisting of 354 or 355 days. The video also covers the differences between the two systems and how this affects the Islamic lunar year, including the shifting dates of Ramadan each year.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lesson introduces the concept of the calendar system, focusing on its definition and the two main types: Gregorian (Masehi) and Hijri (Hijriyah).
• 😀 A calendar is a system for naming periods of time, usually represented as a list of days and months in a year.
• 😀 The Gregorian calendar (Masehi) is based on the Earth's revolution around the Sun, which takes approximately 365.25 days for a full orbit.
• 😀 Every four years, the extra quarter day is added to February, making it a leap year with 366 days.
• 😀 A leap year occurs if the year is divisible by 4, but some exceptions apply, like centuries not divisible by 400.
• 😀 In the Gregorian calendar, the year typically has 365 days, but in a leap year, it has 366 days due to the extra day added in February.
• 😀 The Hijri calendar (Hijriyah) is based on the moon's revolution around the Earth, which takes approximately 29.5 days per cycle.
• 😀 The Hijri calendar year is shorter than the Gregorian calendar year, with 354 or 355 days in total, causing a difference of about 10-11 days annually.
• 😀 The Hijri calendar months vary in length, with some months having 29 days and others having 30 days, depending on lunar observations.
• 😀 The two calendars have different starting points: the Gregorian calendar starts in January, while the Hijri calendar begins in Muharram.
• 😀 The timing of Ramadan shifts annually because of the difference in the length of the Hijri year, moving approximately 10-11 days earlier each year.

Q & A

What is the definition of a calendar?

A calendar is a system for naming a period of time, often referred to as a 'list of days and months throughout the year.'

What is the basis of the Gregorian calendar?

The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar based on Earth's revolution around the Sun, with a year consisting of 365.25 days.

How is a leap year determined in the Gregorian calendar?

A leap year occurs every four years, adding an extra day to February, making it 29 days. A year is considered a leap year if it is divisible by 4, except for years divisible by 100, unless divisible by 400.

What is the Islamic (Hijriyah) calendar based on?

The Islamic (Hijriyah) calendar is a lunar calendar, which is based on the moon's revolution around the Earth.

How many days are there in a year according to the Islamic calendar?

A year in the Islamic calendar contains either 354 or 355 days, which is shorter than the Gregorian year by about 10-11 days.

How are the months in the Islamic calendar determined?

The months in the Islamic calendar are determined by the moon’s cycle, and each month is either 29 or 30 days long, depending on the moon’s phases.

What is the difference in the length of a year between the Gregorian and Islamic calendars?

A year in the Gregorian calendar is either 365 or 366 days, while in the Islamic calendar, a year is 354 or 355 days.

How does the Islamic calendar affect the timing of Ramadan each year?

Ramadan, which follows the Islamic calendar, begins on different dates each year because the Islamic year is shorter, advancing by about 10 days annually in comparison to the Gregorian calendar.

What is the starting and ending point of the Gregorian and Islamic calendars?

The Gregorian calendar starts in January and ends in December, while the Islamic calendar starts with Muharram and ends with Dzulhijjah.

What makes the Islamic calendar different from the Gregorian calendar in terms of its months?

The Islamic calendar follows lunar months, which can be either 29 or 30 days long, making its total year shorter than the solar-based Gregorian calendar. The months of the Islamic calendar also shift annually when compared to the Gregorian calendar.