É por isso que O CALENDÁRIO NÃO FAZ SENTIDO

Summary

The script humorously explores the concept of time travel and the history of calendars, revealing that timekeeping is a human construct. It delves into the origins of our 24-hour day and 365-day year, highlighting the discrepancies between solar and lunar calendars, and the historical adjustments made to reconcile them, including the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It also touches on various cultural and religious calendars, such as the Buddhist and Ethiopian, and the complexities of timekeeping on Mars, inviting viewers to consider the future of Martian calendars.

Takeaways

• 🕰️ The concept of time travel in the script is a playful introduction to the topic of calendars and how they have evolved over time.
• 🌏 The Gregorian calendar is not universally used; different countries and religions have their own ways of marking time, such as the Buddhist calendar in Thailand.
• 👁️ The script uses the story of a time-traveling nun, Teresa de Ávila, to illustrate the complexities of calendar discrepancies and adjustments, like the skipped days in 1582.
• 📚 The division of a day into 24 hours is attributed to ancient Sumerian counting methods, which influenced the Babylonian practice of dividing the day into 12 parts.
• 🌕 The lunar calendar's influence on the division of a year into months is highlighted, with the cycle of the moon being approximately 29.5 days, leading to a 12-month year of about 354 days.
• 📉 The Roman calendar initially had 10 months, and the addition of January and February by King Numa Pompilius was influenced by superstition and political will.
• ⚖️ The Julian calendar introduced by Julius Caesar added an extra month every few years to align with the solar year, but it still had inaccuracies.
• 🔄 The Gregorian calendar corrected the inaccuracies of the Julian calendar by omitting leap years in centennial years, unless they are divisible by 400.
• 🌌 The script humorously suggests that time travel to the year 2567 could be as simple as traveling to Thailand, where the year is counted from the death of Buddha.
• 🎂 The concept of age is also culturally relative, as illustrated by the South Korean tradition of having multiple ways of calculating age based on different cultural and international standards.
• 🚀 The script ends with a challenge to the audience to consider what a Martian calendar might look like, given the different length of a Martian year compared to an Earth year.

Q & A

What is the main theme of the video script?

The main theme of the video script is the exploration of time measurement, the history of calendars, and the humorous concept of time travel through the adoption of different calendars around the world.

What is the joke about the time traveler nun from 1582?

The joke is that the nun, Teresa de Ávila, died on October 4th and was buried 24 hours later on October 15th due to the calendar adjustment that year, which skipped 10 days, making it seem like time travel.

Why was the day divided into 24 hours according to the script?

The division of the day into 24 hours is attributed to the Sumerians who used a base-60 counting system, which was inherited by the Babylonians and applied to their sundial, dividing the day and night each into 12 parts.

What is the origin of the 12-month structure in a year?

The 12-month structure comes from the lunar calendar, where a full lunar cycle is approximately 29.5 days, and multiplying this by 12 gives a year close to 354 days, which is nearly a solar year.

Why did the Roman king Numa Pompilius create January and February?

Numa Pompilius created January and February to address the discrepancy between the 304-day official calendar and the 354-day lunar year, adding 51 days to make the year 355 days long due to superstition against even numbers.

What was the purpose of the Mercedônio month in the Roman calendar?

The Mercedônio month was an additional month added occasionally to correct the 10-day discrepancy between the lunar year and the solar year in the Roman calendar.

What significant change did Julius Caesar make to the Roman calendar?

Julius Caesar introduced the Julian calendar, which established a regular pattern of adding one extra day every four years, and he also added two extra months in the year 46 BCE, creating the 'Year of Confusion' with 15 months.

Why was the Gregorian calendar created?

The Gregorian calendar was created to correct the 11-minute discrepancy in the Julian calendar's leap year calculation, which accumulated over centuries and caused the calendar to become desynchronized with the solar year.

How does the script explain the concept of traveling to the year 2567?

The script humorously suggests that traveling to the year 2567 could be as simple as going to Thailand, where the Buddhist calendar starts from the death of Buddha, which is considered to be 2567 years ago from the present.

What is the significance of the fixed international calendar proposal mentioned in the script?

The fixed international calendar proposal aims to create a uniform and predictable calendar system with 13 months of 28 days each, totaling 364 days, plus an extra 'Day of the Year' and an additional day every four years.

What is the challenge posed by the script to the viewers regarding Mars' timekeeping?

The challenge is for viewers to suggest names for the months of a potential Martian calendar, considering the unique length of a Martian year and the possibility of human colonization.