Kabarharunhariini; 5 KERAJAAN ISLAM TERTUA DI NUSANTARA

Summary

This video explores the history of five of the oldest Islamic kingdoms in the Nusantara region, showcasing their significance in the spread of Islam and regional development. It covers the Perlak Kingdom (840-1292), known for its timber trade and internal conflict between Sunni and Shia, the Ternate Kingdom (1257), an important trading hub, the Samudra Pasai Kingdom (1297-1521), with connections to famous travelers like Ibn Battuta, the Cirebon Kingdom (1430-1677), which flourished under Sharif Hidayatullah, and the Demak Kingdom, founded by Raden Patah in the 15th century, which played a key role in spreading Islam in Java.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first oldest Islamic kingdom in the Nusantara is the Kingdom of Perlak, which existed from 840 to 1292 AD in East Aceh. It was founded by Sultan Alauddin Syed Maulana Abdul Aziz Shah.
• 😀 Perlak is known for producing a type of wood called 'parlap' which was used for building ships. The kingdom also experienced internal conflicts between Sunni and Shia factions.
• 😀 In 1292, Perlak merged with the Samudra Pasai Kingdom, marking the end of its independent rule.
• 😀 The second kingdom discussed is the Kingdom of Ternate, which was established in 1257 AD. Located between Sulawesi and Papua, it became a central hub for trade and exploration.
• 😀 Sultan Mansyur Malamo was the first ruler of Ternate, appointed to manage the region's strategic trade routes.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Samudra Pasai was founded in 1297 AD and lasted until 1521 AD, located in what is now Lhokseumawe, Aceh. Sultan Malik Al Saleh was its first ruler.
• 😀 Historical figures like Ibn Battuta and Admiral Cheng Ho mentioned the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai, solidifying its historical significance.
• 😀 Samudra Pasai’s cultural legacy includes the Sultan Nasriah tomb and various ceramic and pottery remnants.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Cirebon in West Java, which lasted from 1430 to 1677 AD, was founded by Prince Cakrabuana who handed over the region to spread Islam.
• 😀 Cirebon's rapid development was driven by the leadership of Syarif Hidayatullah, who promoted Islam through the building of mosques and spreading teachings across the region.

Q & A

What is the historical significance of the Kingdom of Perlak?

The Kingdom of Perlak was one of the earliest Islamic kingdoms in Nusantara, founded in 840 CE in Aceh. It was known for producing silverwood used in shipbuilding. The kingdom also witnessed internal conflict between Sunni and Shia factions before being unified with the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai in 1292.

Who founded the Kingdom of Perlak, and when did it come into existence?

The Kingdom of Perlak was founded by Sultan Alaiddin Syed Maulana Abdul Aziz Shah in 840 CE, marking the start of Islam’s spread in the region.

What was the main export or product of Perlak?

Perlak was known for its production of silverwood, a type of timber used for shipbuilding, which played a key role in trade and maritime activities.

What event led to the eventual end of the Kingdom of Perlak?

The Kingdom of Perlak was eventually unified with the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai in 1292, following internal divisions and conflicts between Sunni and Shia factions.

Where was the Kingdom of Ternate located, and why was it strategically important?

The Kingdom of Ternate was located in the Maluku Islands, between Sulawesi and Papua. Its strategic location made it a key player in regional trade and a hub for merchants and travelers, particularly in the spice trade.

Who was the first king of the Kingdom of Ternate?

The first king of the Kingdom of Ternate was Sultan Mansyur Malamo, who was appointed to regulate trade routes and ensure the kingdom’s prosperity.

What role did Ibn Battuta and Admiral Cheng Ho play in the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai?

Both Ibn Battuta and Admiral Cheng Ho visited the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai, with Ibn Battuta documenting the kingdom in his travels and Cheng Ho leaving behind a large bell as a symbol of his visit.

What is the historical legacy of the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai?

The legacy of the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai includes its role in spreading Islam in Southeast Asia. Notable remnants include the Sultan’s tomb, ceramics, and the bell given by Admiral Cheng Ho.

What was the significance of Syekh Syarif Hidayatullah in the Kingdom of Cirebon?

Syekh Syarif Hidayatullah, also known as Sunan Gunung Jati, played a pivotal role in spreading Islam in Cirebon. He established a mosque and promoted Islamic teachings, leading to the kingdom’s rapid development and influence in the region.

How did the Kingdom of Demak emerge and who was its founder?

The Kingdom of Demak emerged in the 15th century after the fall of Majapahit. It was founded by Raden Patah, a merchant from Palembang, who studied under Sunan Ampel and became a key figure in the spread of Islam in Java.

How did the Kingdom of Cirebon assist the Kingdom of Demak in fighting the Portuguese?

When the Kingdom of Demak, under the leadership of Fatahillah, fought against the Portuguese in Sunda Kelapa, the Kingdom of Cirebon provided military assistance to help in the battle.

What was the role of the Walisongo in the establishment of the Kingdom of Demak?

The Walisongo, a group of Islamic missionaries, played a crucial role in establishing Demak as an Islamic center by supporting the rise of Raden Patah and assisting in the kingdom's development, including its role in trade and Islamic dissemination.