Elastisitas Harga Permintaan / Penawaran & Elastisitas Silang - Materi Kelas 10 Ekonomi SMA Bab 4.4

Summary

The video explains the concept of price elasticity, focusing on how price changes impact the demand and supply of goods. It covers demand elasticity, supply elasticity, and various types of elasticity such as elastic, inelastic, and unitary. The script illustrates how consumers respond to price changes for different goods like basic necessities and luxury items, using real-world examples. It also dives into the calculations for elasticity coefficients and provides a practical example involving price changes for children's shoes. The overall aim is to help viewers understand how price fluctuations influence market behavior.

Takeaways

• 😀 Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in price.
• 😀 The elasticity coefficient quantifies how much the quantity of a good changes in response to a price change.
• 😀 Elastic goods (E > 1) see a larger percentage change in quantity demanded than the percentage change in price, often due to substitutes being available.
• 😀 Inelastic goods (E < 1) see a smaller percentage change in quantity demanded when price changes, commonly seen with necessities.
• 😀 Unitary elasticity (E = 1) occurs when the percentage change in quantity demanded equals the percentage change in price.
• 😀 The elasticity of demand and supply can be affected by factors like the availability of substitutes and the necessity of the good.
• 😀 Substitute goods (e.g., tea and coffee) cause demand for one good to rise when the price of the other increases.
• 😀 Complementary goods (e.g., coffee and sugar) are used together, and a change in price of one can affect the demand for the other.
• 😀 Neutral goods are unrelated products (e.g., water and computers) where a price change in one does not affect the other’s demand.
• 😀 An example of elasticity calculation is given with children's shoes, where a price drop from IDR 20,000 to IDR 15,000 leads to a 12% increase in demand.

Q & A

What is price elasticity?

Price elasticity refers to how sensitive the quantity demanded or supplied of a good is to changes in its price.

What is the difference between elastic and inelastic demand?

Elastic demand occurs when the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price (Elasticity > 1), while inelastic demand happens when the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price (Elasticity < 1).

What does unitary elasticity mean?

Unitary elasticity occurs when the percentage change in quantity demanded is exactly equal to the percentage change in price (Elasticity = 1).

How is the elasticity coefficient calculated?

The elasticity coefficient is calculated by dividing the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price, or using the formula: E = (P / Q) * (ΔQ / ΔP).

What is an example of a product with elastic demand?

An example of a product with elastic demand is clothing, where if the price of a brand like 'Brand A' increases, consumers can easily switch to a cheaper alternative like 'Brand B'.

What is an example of a product with inelastic demand?

An example of a product with inelastic demand is rice, which people still buy even if the price increases because it is a basic necessity.

What is the relationship between price changes and demand for essential goods?

For essential goods like food staples, even if prices rise, demand tends to stay relatively stable because people still need to purchase them.

What is the elasticity of supply?

Elasticity of supply refers to how sensitive the quantity supplied of a good is to changes in its price. Similar to demand, supply can be elastic, inelastic, or unitary.

What is the formula for calculating the price elasticity of demand?

The formula for calculating price elasticity of demand is: E = (% change in quantity) / (% change in price), or alternatively, E = (P / Q) * (ΔQ / ΔP).

What does a negative elasticity coefficient indicate?

A negative elasticity coefficient indicates an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, meaning when the price increases, demand tends to decrease. The negative sign is typically ignored when calculating elasticity coefficients.