Biografi KH Ahmad Dahlan dan KH Hasyim Asy'ari (Tokoh Pendiri Organisasi Keagamaan Indonesia)- SKI 9

Summary

This video script discusses the lives and contributions of two influential Islamic scholars from Indonesia: Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan and Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari. Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan, born in Yogyakarta, founded Muhammadiyah in 1912 to promote Islam free from superstitions and misinterpretations. He was a key figure in modernizing Islamic practices and spreading the teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari, founder of Nahdlatul Ulama in 1926, focused on defending traditional Islamic teachings and resisting colonial influences. Both men played vital roles in shaping Islamic education and social reform in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan was born in Yogyakarta in 1868 and was a key figure in the development of Muhammadiyah.
• 😀 He studied various Islamic disciplines including qiraat, tafsir, fiqh, and philosophy, under prominent scholars.
• 😀 Ahmad Dahlan founded Muhammadiyah in 1912 to address the prevalent practices of bid'ah, superstitions, and the spread of Christian missions in Indonesia.
• 😀 Muhammadiyah's goal was to spread the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through the Quran and Hadith, combating misinterpretations of Islam.
• 😀 Ahmad Dahlan's method of dakwah included writing books and establishing Muhammadiyah as a social organization.
• 😀 Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari, born in 1871, was another significant figure in Islamic education and Indonesian religious movements.
• 😀 Hasyim Asy'ari founded Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in 1926 to support the unity of Islamic scholars and resist external influences like Wahhabism.
• 😀 Nahdlatul Ulama played a crucial role in organizing resistance against colonialism and improving Islamic education in Indonesia.
• 😀 During the Japanese occupation, Hasyim Asy'ari resisted Japanese demands, including the seikerei ceremony, which was a form of submission to the emperor.
• 😀 Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari’s efforts led to the 'Resolusi Jihad,' which became a turning point in Indonesia’s resistance, influencing events like the Surabaya battle.

Q & A

Who was Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan, and what was his contribution to Islamic history?

Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan was a prominent Islamic scholar born in Yogyakarta in 1868. He is best known for founding Muhammadiyah, a social and religious organization aimed at reforming Islamic practices by eliminating innovations, superstitions, and misinterpretations. He also played a significant role in promoting education and addressing social issues in the Islamic community.

What educational background did Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan have?

Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan studied a variety of Islamic disciplines including Quranic recitation, Tafsir (interpretation), Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), Sufism, and logic. He studied under notable scholars such as Syekh Mahfudz and Syekh Ahmad Khatib al-Minikabawi in Mecca.

Why did Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan establish the Muhammadiyah organization?

Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan established Muhammadiyah to address several issues within the Islamic community, including the prevalence of Bid'ah (innovation), superstition, and incorrect practices, such as misalignment of prayer directions. He also aimed to counter the spread of Christian missionary work and to strengthen the Islamic community.

What was Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari's role in the development of Islamic organizations?

Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari was a significant Islamic figure who founded Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), an organization aimed at defending traditional Islamic teachings and opposing the Wahabi movement. NU also worked to improve the quality of life for Muslims in Indonesia through education and religious instruction.

How did Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari contribute to the resistance against colonialism?

Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari played a key role in the Indonesian resistance against colonial powers, especially the Dutch. He promoted the idea of jihad (struggle) against colonialism and issued fatwas encouraging Muslims to resist foreign domination. His leadership helped galvanize the spirit of national resistance.

What are some of the significant fatwas issued by Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari?

Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari issued fatwas such as declaring that fighting the Dutch colonialists was a form of jihad. He also ruled that performing Hajj on Dutch ships was haram (forbidden) and opposed the Japanese practice of Seikerei, which required bending towards the Japanese emperor as a form of worship.

What role did Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari play in the resolution of the Jihad struggle?

Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari, together with other ulama, declared the 'Resolution of Jihad' in 1945, calling for a full-scale armed resistance against the Japanese occupation and later the Dutch colonists. His leadership was pivotal in the Indonesian independence movement.

What led to the establishment of Nahdlatul Ulama, and what were its primary goals?

Nahdlatul Ulama was established by Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari in 1926, with the primary goal of promoting traditional Sunni Islam, resisting the spread of Wahabism, and improving the religious and educational conditions of Indonesian Muslims. It also aimed to unite Muslims for social and political activism.

What was Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan's relationship with the royal court of Yogyakarta?

Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan had a contentious relationship with the royal court of Yogyakarta, particularly with Kyai Haji Muhammad Fadil Kamaludiningrat, the head of the royal mosque. Their disagreement centered around the correct direction for the qiblah (prayer direction) of the mosque, which led to a misunderstanding and even the burning of a mosque.

What was the significance of the 22 October 2015 National Santri Day in Indonesia?

On 22 October 2015, National Santri Day was officially established in honor of Kyai Haji Hasyim Asy'ari's 'Resolution of Jihad' against the Dutch in 1945. This day serves to recognize the role of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) and the contributions of santri (students of pesantren) to the independence of Indonesia.