Mubtada dan Khabar | Nahwu Dasar

Summary

This video provides an in-depth explanation of two core concepts in Arabic grammar: *mubtada* (subject) and *khobar* (predicate) within nominal sentences. The speaker introduces different types of *mubtada* and *khobar*, such as definite and indefinite nouns, pronouns, and various forms of predicates like simple and compound ones. The video also discusses essential grammatical rules including gender and number agreement, as well as specific exceptions. By breaking down these concepts, the video helps learners understand how sentences are constructed in Arabic, with a focus on clarity and practical examples.

Takeaways

• 😀 Mubtada refers to the subject in an Arabic nominal sentence (Jumlah Ismiyah), and Khabar is the predicate or the information about the subject.
• 😀 Mubtada can be a definite noun (Isim Mu'raf) or a built noun (Isim Mabni). Example: 'Ana' (I) as Mubtada and 'Tolibun' (student) as Khabar.
• 😀 Khabar provides details about the Mubtada and can be a single word (Khabar Mufrod) or a more complex phrase (Khabar Ghair Mufrod).
• 😀 Khabar Mufrod consists of one word that gives the complete meaning. Example: 'Kitabun' (a book) as Khabar.
• 😀 Khabar Ghair Mufrod can be further divided into Shibhu Jumlah (like a phrase) and Jumlah (a full sentence). Example: 'Alkitabu alal maktabi' (The book is on the table).
• 😀 Jumlah Fi'liyah is a verbal sentence, starting with a verb and including its subject and object. Example: 'Ahmadul Quran' (Ahmad reads the Quran).
• 😀 Both Mubtada and Khabar must be in the nominative case (Rafa), with the nominative case marked by a 'dhamma' on the last letter.
• 😀 Mubtada and Khabar must agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular, dual, or plural). Example: 'Al-Madrasah' (feminine subject) requires a feminine predicate.
• 😀 If the Mubtada is in the plural form and refers to non-human objects (Jamak Ghair Aql), the Khabar can be singular or plural and masculine or feminine.
• 😀 The basic structure of an Arabic nominal sentence follows the order: Mubtada first, followed by Khabar. However, in cases of Shibhu Jumlah, this order can be altered.
• 😀 If the Khabar is a sentence, it must include a pronoun (Dhamir) that refers back to the Mubtada. Example: 'Ahmadu abuhu darisun' (Ahmad's father is a teacher).

Q & A

What are the two types of Arabic sentences discussed in the video?

The two types of Arabic sentences discussed are 'jumlah ismiyah' (nominal sentences) and 'jumlah fi'liyah' (verbal sentences).

What is the definition of 'mubtada' in an Arabic sentence?

'Mubtada' is the subject of a nominal sentence, typically the word that appears at the beginning of the sentence.

How does 'khobar' relate to 'mubtada' in a sentence?

'Khobar' is the predicate of the sentence, providing information or explanation about the 'mubtada'.

What are examples of 'mubtada' in Arabic sentences?

Examples of 'mubtada' include 'Allahu' (God) and 'Alkitabu' (the book), which are 'ism mu'raf' (definite nouns).

What is the difference between 'khobar mufrod' and 'khobar ghair mufrod'?

'Khobar mufrod' is a single word, while 'khobar ghair mufrod' can be a more complex phrase or a sentence, such as 'sibuhul jumlah' (a phrase resembling a sentence).

What is meant by 'sibuhul jumlah' in an Arabic sentence?

'Sibuhul jumlah' refers to a phrase that resembles a sentence, where the khobar includes a structure like 'alal maktabi' (on the table) or 'amama madrosati' (in front of the school).

What are the basic rules for forming 'mubtada' and 'khobar' in Arabic?

The basic rules are that both 'mubtada' and 'khobar' must be in the nominative case (marfu'), match in gender (muzakkar or mu'annas), and match in number (singular, dual, or plural).

What happens when the subject ('mubtada') is in the plural form 'ghair 'aqil'?

If the subject is in the plural form 'ghair 'aqil' (non-human), the 'khobar' can be singular, feminine, or plural, unlike human subjects which must have a matching number and gender.

What is the significance of word order in Arabic sentences with 'mubtada' and 'khobar'?

In typical Arabic sentences, the 'mubtada' comes before the 'khobar', but the order can be reversed when the khobar is a 'sibuhul jumlah' (phrase resembling a sentence).

How does 'khobar' function in a verbal sentence ('jumlah fi'liyah')?

In a verbal sentence, the 'khobar' provides information about the action of the verb. For example, 'Ahmad reads the Quran' is a verbal sentence where the verb 'reads' is the khobar.