Ketahui Gejala Kanker Payudara, Penyebab, & Pengobatannya - dr. Enos H. Siburian, Sp.B (K) Onk

Summary

This video script discusses the critical issue of breast cancer, emphasizing the importance of early detection and understanding risk factors. Dr. Enos Siburian outlines the signs to watch for, such as unusual lumps, changes in skin texture, or nipple discharge. He highlights risk factors, both avoidable (e.g., diet, alcohol, radiation) and unavoidable (e.g., family history, early menstruation). Dr. Siburian stresses the significance of regular self-examinations, screenings like ultrasound or mammography, and prompt medical consultations. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy, tailored based on pathology and tumor type.

Takeaways

• 😀 Breast lumps should be monitored for signs of malignancy, especially in patients with risk factors such as a family history of breast cancer.
• 😀 Malignant breast tumors tend to grow quickly, feel hard, immobile, and may cause skin changes, such as dimpling or an orange peel appearance.
• 😀 The most common organs affected by metastatic breast cancer include the lungs, liver, brain, and bones, with bones being the most frequent site of spread.
• 😀 In Indonesia, breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death, accounting for 16.6% of all new cancer cases in 2020.
• 😀 Many women with breast cancer do not experience pain, making self-exams and regular screenings essential for early detection.
• 😀 Risk factors for breast cancer can be divided into non-modifiable factors, such as early menstruation or family history, and modifiable factors like diet, alcohol consumption, and hormonal treatments.
• 😀 Women with a family history of breast cancer should be especially vigilant and consider more frequent screenings.
• 😀 Regular breast self-examinations (SADARI) should be performed by women, ideally 7-10 days after menstruation to detect any changes in breast tissue.
• 😀 Women aged 40 and above are advised to undergo periodic clinical breast exams, ultrasounds, or mammography for early detection.
• 😀 Breast cancer diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination, imaging (like mammography or ultrasound), and pathology tests, including immunohistochemistry to determine the best treatment plan.
• 😀 Treatment options for breast cancer include surgery (such as mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery), chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy, depending on the cancer's stage and characteristics.

Q & A

What are the common signs that may indicate breast cancer?

Common signs include a lump in the breast that is hard, immovable, or fixed, discharge from the nipple (especially red or bloody), changes in the nipple (such as retraction), skin dimpling resembling orange peel, and swelling or lumps in the armpit or near the collarbone.

Why is early detection important for breast cancer?

Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment and survival. The faster the tumor is identified, the easier it is to treat before it spreads to other organs.

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer?

Non-modifiable risk factors include early menstruation (before 12 years), late menopause, and a family history of breast cancer, especially in close relatives like mothers, grandmothers, or sisters.

How can lifestyle choices impact the risk of breast cancer?

Lifestyle choices, such as consuming a high-fat diet, drinking alcohol, and being exposed to radiation, can increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Avoiding these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of developing the disease.

What is the role of self-examination (Sadari) in breast cancer detection?

Self-examination (Sadari) helps women to detect early signs of breast cancer by regularly checking for lumps or abnormalities. It is performed by standing in front of a mirror, raising arms, and palpating the breast in a lying down position 7-10 days after menstruation.

What diagnostic tests are used to confirm the presence of breast cancer?

Diagnostic tests include clinical examination by a doctor, imaging techniques like ultrasound or mammography, biopsy for tissue analysis, and immunohistochemistry to determine the cancer's characteristics and suitable treatment options.

What are the different types of treatments for breast cancer?

Treatment options include surgery (such as mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery), chemotherapy (to shrink tumors), radiation (to target remaining cancer cells), hormonal therapy (for hormone receptor-positive cancers), and immunotherapy (to boost the immune system).

What is the difference between mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery?

Mastectomy involves removing the entire breast, while breast-conserving surgery focuses on removing only the tumor and surrounding tissue, preserving the majority of the breast and nipple.

How is chemotherapy used in breast cancer treatment?

Chemotherapy is often used to shrink large or advanced tumors before surgery. It can also be administered post-surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence.

What are the stages of breast cancer and how do they affect treatment decisions?

Breast cancer is typically staged from 0 to 4, with stage 1 being early-stage and stage 4 indicating metastatic cancer. Treatment decisions depend on the cancer's stage, with options such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy being considered based on how advanced the tumor is.