Simple English 4 - Day 1

Summary

This educational video explains the essential components of sentence structure in Indonesian and English, focusing on the subject, predicate, and object. It highlights the importance of subject-predicate agreement, particularly with verb conjugation in English. The video covers the basic present tense, present continuous, and present perfect tense, providing practical examples and exercises to reinforce the rules. Key topics include the addition of 's' or 'es' for third-person singular subjects, the use of auxiliary verbs in continuous and perfect tenses, and the distinction between completed and ongoing actions. This lesson aims to improve understanding of verb forms and sentence construction in English.

Takeaways

• 😀 Subjek, Predikat, dan Objek are the three main components of a sentence in both Indonesian and English, with subjek (subject) and predikat (predicate) being the most important.
• 😀 The subject and predicate must agree with each other in terms of grammatical number and tense, meaning the verb changes depending on the subject.
• 😀 In English, the verb typically adds an 's' or 'es' when the subject is third-person singular (e.g., 'he works', 'she goes').
• 😀 When the subject is a noun or a thing (e.g., 'the flower'), the verb also takes the 's' or 'es' in third-person singular form.
• 😀 Verbs ending in 'y' change slightly depending on the vowel preceding the 'y': if preceded by a vowel (e.g., 'cry'), the 'y' becomes 'i' and 'es' is added; if preceded by a consonant, 'es' is added.
• 😀 The present continuous tense in English is formed using the structure: subject + 'am/are/is' + verb-ing (e.g., 'I am working', 'She is studying').
• 😀 To express something has already happened in English, use the present perfect tense: subject + 'have/has' + past participle (e.g., 'I have worked', 'He has studied').
• 😀 The English language distinguishes between actions that have already been completed ('I have worked') and actions that are ongoing ('I am working').
• 😀 When a subject is replaced, only the verb changes according to the subject’s number and tense, while the object remains unaffected.
• 😀 The use of auxiliary verbs ('am/are/is' for present continuous, 'have/has' for present perfect) is crucial for forming tenses and conveying timing in English sentences.

Q & A

What are the three main components of a sentence discussed in the lesson?

The three main components of a sentence discussed in the lesson are the subject, predicate, and object. Among these, the subject and predicate are the most important as they directly influence each other.

Why are the subject and predicate considered the most important components in a sentence?

The subject and predicate are considered the most important because when the subject changes, the predicate (verb) often needs to change as well to maintain subject-verb agreement.

What happens to the verb when the subject changes in a sentence?

When the subject changes, the verb often changes too. In English, this typically involves adding 's' or 'es' to the verb when the subject is third-person singular.

When should 's' be added to the verb in English?

The letter 's' is added to the verb when the subject is third-person singular (he, she, it) in the present tense. For example, 'He works' instead of 'He work'.

What are the rules for adding 'es' to a verb in English?

The suffix 'es' is added to verbs that end in 'o', 's', 'sh', 'ch', 'x', or 'z'. For example, 'go' becomes 'goes', and 'watch' becomes 'watches'.

What happens when a verb ends in a consonant + 'y'?

When a verb ends in a consonant + 'y', the 'y' is changed to 'i' and 'es' is added. For example, 'cry' becomes 'cries'.

What is the structure for forming the present continuous tense in English?

The present continuous tense is formed using the verb 'to be' (am, is, are) followed by the base verb with 'ing'. For example, 'I am working' or 'She is studying'.

How is the present perfect tense formed in English?

The present perfect tense is formed using 'have' or 'has' followed by the past participle of the verb. For example, 'I have worked' or 'She has gone'.

What is the difference between the present perfect and present perfect continuous tenses?

The present perfect tense is used for actions that have been completed, using 'have/has' + past participle. The present perfect continuous tense is used for actions that started in the past and are still ongoing, formed using 'have/has been' + verb + 'ing'.

How do we form sentences using the word 'already' in English?

When 'already' is used in sentences, it generally refers to actions that have been completed. It is placed between the auxiliary verb ('have' or 'has') and the past participle in the present perfect tense. For example, 'She has already finished her work.'