Falcon 9: SpaceX's Reusable Rocket
Summary
TLDR本视频介绍了SpaceX公司制造的Falcon 9火箭,这是一种能够以每小时近40000公里的速度将有效载荷送入轨道并为国际空间站补给的先进航天技术。自2010年首次发射以来,Falcon 9以其可重复使用的一级火箭和垂直着陆技术而闻名,成功着陆率高达89%。SpaceX由埃隆·马斯克于2001年创立,旨在实现火星殖民梦想。Falcon 9的Block 5版本自2018年起飞行,能够将超过20000公斤的有效载荷送入低地球轨道。SpaceX计划在2022年进行60次发射,包括载人任务、月球着陆器和Starlink卫星部署,以及2024年的Europa Clipper探测器和月球门户空间站的发射,后者是NASA Artemis计划的一部分,旨在2024年将美国人送回月球,并作为未来火星任务的起点。
Takeaways
- 🚀 猎鹰9号火箭是SpaceX公司制造的先进航天技术,速度可达每小时约24,000英里。
- 🏁 猎鹰9号在2021年1月24日创下了单次火箭家族发射卫星数量最多的记录,共有143次成功发射。
- 💰 SpaceX由埃隆·马斯克于2001年创立,最初目的是火星殖民,通过私人资本和NASA的合作资金发展。
- 🔧 猎鹰9号火箭的制造采用了创新的低成本生产方式,每月能生产一枚火箭。
- 🔄 猎鹰9号火箭的第一阶段具有可回收性,能垂直返回地球并安全着陆,这在历史上是首次。
- 📈 猎鹰9号的第一阶段火箭已成功垂直着陆92次,成功率约为89%。
- 🛰️ 猎鹰9号火箭的可回收性显著降低了成本,因为第一阶段的火箭助推器是制造过程中最昂贵的部分。
- 🔧 猎鹰9号的全推力Block 5版本设计用于承受10次发射和着陆,几乎无需维护。
- 🚀 猎鹰重型火箭由三个猎鹰9号火箭捆绑而成,能产生2280万牛顿的推力,将17000公斤的载荷送往火星。
- 🌌 SpaceX计划在2022年进行60次猎鹰9号发射,包括载人任务、月球轨道器和月球着陆器等。
- 🌕 猎鹰重型火箭计划在2024年携带欧罗巴探测器进行木星卫星欧罗巴的详细调查,并可能成为未来火星任务的起点。
Q & A
猎鹰9号火箭的最大速度是多少?
-猎鹰9号火箭的最大速度接近每小时40,000公里,也就是约24,000英里每小时。
SpaceX公司是由谁创立的,以及它是在什么时候成立的?
-SpaceX公司是由著名的工业家和企业家埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)在2001年创立的。
SpaceX的首个火箭是什么,它是何时完成的?
-SpaceX的首个火箭是猎鹰1号(Falcon 1),它在2005年完成。
NASA和SpaceX之间签订的合同金额是多少,这个合同的目的是什么?
-NASA和SpaceX之间签订的初始合同金额是2.78亿美元,后来增加到3.96亿美元,用于开发猎鹰9号火箭,目的是携带人员和货物到国际空间站。
猎鹰9号火箭的可重复使用性如何,它的成功着陆率是多少?
-猎鹰9号火箭的第一阶段能够返回地球并垂直着陆,迄今为止,猎鹰9号火箭的第一阶段成功垂直着陆了92次,尝试了103次,成功率高达89%。
猎鹰9号火箭的尺寸和重量是多少?
-猎鹰9号火箭全推力版本的高度约为70米或230英尺,宽度为12英尺,重量为549吨,大约是50,000千克。
猎鹰9号火箭使用的燃料组合是什么?
-猎鹰9号火箭使用的燃料组合是液态氧和高度精炼的煤油,称为火箭推进剂1。
猎鹰9号火箭能够将多少重量的物体送入不同的轨道?
-猎鹰9号火箭能够将超过20,000千克的物体送入低地球轨道,将超过8,000千克的物体送入地球静止轨道,甚至可以将约4,000千克的物体送入火星轨道。
猎鹰重型火箭由几个猎鹰9号火箭组成,它的最大推力是多少?
-猎鹰重型火箭由3个猎鹰9号火箭组成,能够产生22.8百万牛顿的推力。
SpaceX的猎鹰9号火箭有哪些未来的计划?
-猎鹰9号火箭计划在2022年进行约60次发射,包括载人任务、月球轨道器和月球着陆器等。此外,还有几个星链任务计划在2021年底进行。
SpaceX的猎鹰重型火箭将在2024年执行哪些任务?
-在2024年,猎鹰重型火箭计划携带欧罗巴快船(Europa Clipper)进入太阳系中心轨道,该航天器将飞越木星的卫星欧罗巴,并进行详细调查,寻找地质过程的证据,确定月球的亚表面海洋的特征,并研究月球是否可能存在生命。
SpaceX的猎鹰9号火箭在2020年和2021年的发射中,有多少是专门用于发射星链卫星的?
-在2020年和2021年,大约一半的任务是专门用于将SpaceX的星链卫星送入轨道。
Outlines
🚀 猎鹰9号火箭与SpaceX的创新历程
猎鹰9号火箭是SpaceX公司制造的高性能航天器,自2010年首次发射以来,已成为人类航天技术的重要代表。该火箭能够将有效载荷送入轨道,为国际空间站提供补给。2021年1月24日,猎鹰9号创下了单一系列火箭发射卫星数量最多的记录,成功发射143次。SpaceX公司由埃隆·马斯克于2001年创立,旨在实现火星殖民梦想。最初,马斯克试图购买便宜的俄罗斯火箭,但未能成功,于是决定自行制造火箭。2002年,马斯克与火箭工程师汤姆·穆勒共同创立了SpaceX。2005年,公司已有160名员工,并完成了首款火箭猎鹰1号。猎鹰9号的开发得到了NASA的资金支持,这是通过商业轨道运输服务计划(COTS)提供的,旨在运送人员和货物到国际空间站。SpaceX与NASA采用了与传统航天工业不同的财务安排,通过设定火箭能力要求,而非成本加成合同,降低了成本并提高了效率。
🔥 猎鹰9号的垂直起降技术与成本效益
猎鹰9号火箭以其垂直起降技术(VTVP)著称,这一技术始于2015年的猎鹰9号全推力版本。它是历史上首个成功完成垂直起降的火箭。SpaceX已在多种着陆平台上完成了垂直起降,包括自主无人驾驶的海上平台(ASDS),这些平台可以自动接收返回的火箭。猎鹰9号的可重复使用性显著降低了成本,因为第一级火箭助推器是制造过程中最昂贵的部分。迄今为止,已有28个助推器进行了多次发射,其中最多的一个助推器发射了10次。SpaceX设计的最新型号猎鹰9号全推力Block 5,理论上可以处理多达100次的垂直起降,仅需最小的维护。猎鹰9号全推力Block 5自2018年以来一直在飞行,它的高度约为70米,与波音747的翼展相当,但宽度仅为12英尺,重量为549吨,相对较轻。该火箭使用液态氧和高精炼煤油作为燃料,Block 5版本的推力比前一版本有所增加,能够将超过2万公斤的有效载荷送入低地球轨道,或将约4000公斤的有效载荷送至火星。
🌌 猎鹰9号的未来任务与SpaceX的宏伟蓝图
猎鹰9号已经完成了多次迭代,包括1.0、1.1和1.2版本,以及Block 1至Block 5的五个变体。这些火箭共进行了129次发射,几乎所有发射都取得了成功。SpaceX的猎鹰重型火箭由三个猎鹰9号捆绑而成,能够产生2280万牛顿的推力,将17000公斤的有效载荷送至火星或3500公斤的有效载荷送至冥王星。猎鹰9号不仅用于商业和政府任务,如向国际空间站运送货物,还在2020年和2021年将SpaceX的星链卫星送入轨道。2020年5月,猎鹰9号首次将宇航员罗伯特·贝肯和道格拉斯·赫利送入太空,这是首次由私人公司进行的载人太空飞行。SpaceX计划在2022年进行60次发射,包括载人任务、月球轨道器和月球着陆器等。2024年,猎鹰重型火箭将执行更宏伟的任务,如携带欧罗巴探测器研究木星的卫星欧罗巴,以及发射月球门户空间站的第一部分,这是NASA阿尔忒弥斯计划的一部分,旨在2024年将美国人送回月球,并可能作为未来火星任务的起点。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡猎鹰9号(Falcon 9)
💡SpaceX
💡垂直起降(VTOL)
💡自主空间无人机船(ASDS)
💡可重用性
💡梅林火箭发动机(Merlin)
💡商业轨道运输服务计划(COTS)
💡猎鹰重型(Falcon Heavy)
💡星链(Starlink)
💡龙飞船(Dragon)
💡火星殖民
Highlights
猎鹰9号火箭速度可达每小时近40,000公里,约24,000英里。
SpaceX公司自2010年首次发射猎鹰9号火箭,能将有效载荷送入轨道并补给国际空间站。
2021年1月24日,猎鹰9号创下单火箭家族发射卫星数量最多的记录,成功发射143次。
SpaceX采用私人大规模生产流程,每月生产一枚火箭,代表着向大规模民用太空飞行和太空殖民迈出的第一步。
埃隆·马斯克于2001年创立SpaceX,梦想是火星殖民。
SpaceX的猎鹰1号火箭完全由私人资本资助,马斯克几乎耗尽了特斯拉和SolarCity的资金。
NASA于2006年与SpaceX合作开发更重型的猎鹰9号火箭。
SpaceX和NASA采用了与传统航空航天工业不同的财务安排,减少了成本并简化了开发和生产。
猎鹰9号是两级火箭,使用SpaceX的梅林火箭发动机,具有可回收性。
猎鹰9号火箭一级已成功垂直着陆92次,成功率为89%。
SpaceX拥有三个自动空间站无人机船(ASDS),用于火箭的垂直着陆。
猎鹰9号的可回收性显著降低了成本,因为一级火箭助推器是制造过程中最密集的部分。
猎鹰9号全推力Block 5版本自2018年以来一直在飞行,可以处理多达10次的发射和着陆。
猎鹰9号Block 5版本增加了推力,达到850,000牛顿/梅林发动机。
猎鹰重型火箭由3个猎鹰9号捆绑在一起,能产生22.8百万牛顿的推力。
SpaceX的猎鹰重型火箭计划在2022年8月携带Psyche探测器研究同名小行星。
2024年,猎鹰重型火箭将携带Europa Clipper探测器飞越木星的卫星欧罗巴,寻找生命迹象。
同样在2024年,猎鹰重型火箭将发射月球门户空间站的第一部分,这是NASA阿尔忒弥斯计划的一部分。
SpaceX计划使用月球门户作为未来火星任务的起点,实现埃隆·马斯克殖民红色星球的终极目标。
Transcripts
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[Music]
hitting speeds of nearly 40 000
kilometers an hour about 24 000 miles
per hour the falcon 9 may not be able to
make the kessel run in 12 passages like
it's han solo pilot namesake but it is
one of mankind's premier aerospace
technologies i have no idea about that
star wars reference
first launched in 2010 these rockets
manufactured by elon musk's spacex
company are capable of lifting payloads
into orbit and re-supplying the space
station in fact on january 24th 2021
falcon 9 set the record for most
satellites launched into orbit by a
rocket family with 143 successful
launches for many the success of the
falcon 9 and its private mass production
process that turns out a rocket a month
represents the first step towards mass
civilian space flight private aerospace
industry and space colonization
famed industrialist and entrepreneur
elon musk started spacex in 2001 with a
dream of colonizing mars initially musk
went to russia looking to buy cheap
rockets that's how enthusiastic he was
but he had no luck instead he just
decided to manufacture the rockets
himself in 2002 mask and rocket engineer
tom mueller formally created spacex in a
warehouse in el segundo california by
2005 they had 160 employees and were
completing falcon 1 their first rocket
falcon 1 was funded entirely by private
capital with musk almost bankrupting his
companies tesla and solarcity and
himself in the process however in 2006
nasa approached spacex to partner with
him on a heavier rocket falcon 9.
spacex funded the development of the
falcon 9 rocket with seed money from
nasa this money came from the commercial
orbital transportation services program
or cots which began in 2006 to carry
personnel and cargo to the international
space station the initial contract
awarded to spacex was 278 million
although this was raised 396 million
after certain production milestones were
reached spacex itself invested 450
million dollars in the development nasa
and spacex entered a different kind of
financial arrangement than those
typically used in the aerospace industry
normally when nasa doesn't develop or
manufacture something themselves they
contract it out using an approach called
cost plus contract where they reimburse
a private company for the costs that
they incurred plus a little bit extra
profit as you can imagine this approach
doesn't exactly incentivize cost
reduction and efficiency and indeed nasa
estimated that had they used this type
of contract development of falcon 9
would have cost upward of 3.6 billion
instead nasa merely set broad
requirements for capabilities they
wanted from the rockets and just left
everything else to spacex this cut costs
for both parties and streamlined
development and production now just
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the falcon 9 is a two-stage rocket
powered by spacex merlin rocket engines
this means that after the initial
acceleration to reach orbit the bottom
part of the rocket detaches and returns
to earth reducing weight the first stage
specifically uses nine of the merlin
engines hence the name falcon 9. the
rocket's real claim to fame is its
reusability the first stage of the
rocket is capable of returning to earth
and landing vertically without being
damaged granted it doesn't do so every
time but to date falcon 9 first stage
rockets have successfully landed
vertically 92 out of 103 times that's an
89 success rate which will round up and
give them an a this vertical landing
feature known as vtvl or vertical
takeoff vertical landing started in 2015
with the falcon 9 full thrust also known
as v 1.2 the third version of the falcon
9. it was the first rocket in history to
successfully complete a vtvl since then
spacex has completed btbls with the
falcon 9 using a variety of landing
surfaces most have landed on an
autonomous spaceport drone ship or asds
which gets its name because it basically
goes out into the ocean to catch the
landing falcon 9 rockets all on its own
without any human control though it can
be directed tele-robotically in case of
emergencies spacex currently has three
operational asds's always unique names
of course i still love you a shortfall
of gravitas and just read the
instructions besides asds's spacex has
also landed falcon 9 rockets on
ground-based launch pads the reusability
of the falcon 9 significantly reduces
cost because the first stage rocket
boosters represent the most intensive
part of manufacturing to date 28
boosters have been launched more than
once with 10 being the most launches for
a single booster this is because spacex
designed the most recent iteration of
the falcon 9 the full thrust block 5 to
handle exactly 10 launchers and landings
with minimal maintenance then with
pull-scale refurbishment it can
theoretically handle 100 vtvls
the falcon 9 full thrust block 5 has
been flying since 2018 including the
payload it's about 70 meters or 230 feet
tall which is about the wingspan of a
boeing 747 jumbo jet despite being so
tall it's only 12 feet wide that's just
three and two third meters the rocket
itself weighs 549 tons which is nearly
50 000 kilograms this is actually
relatively lightweight considering the
saturn v rocket that was used in the
apollo program that took the first
american astronauts to the moon and
weighed a whopping 3 100 tons which is
nearly 3 million kilograms using a fuel
combination of liquid oxygen and highly
refined kerosene called rocket
propellant one the block 5 version of
the falcon 9 increases thrust compared
to previous versions reaching 850 000
newtons per merlin engine with 9 engines
that gives the block 5 7.5 million
newtons of thrust or 1.7 million pounds
for reference a jet engine usually
produces around 500 000 newtons of
thrust just over a hundred thousand
pounds this incredible thrust allows the
falcon 9 block five to carry fifty
thousand pounds over twenty thousand
kilograms into low earth orbit where the
international space station is or
eighteen thousand pounds over eight
thousand kilograms to geosynchronous
orbit it can even send eight thousand
eight hundred pounds about four thousand
kilograms to mars falcon 9s are also
combined to make the falcon heavy
rockets which is basically 3 falcon 9
strapped together this rocket can
produce 22.8 million newtons of thrust
and send 37 thousand pounds about 17 000
kilograms to mars or seven thousand
seven hundred pounds about three
thousand five hundred kilograms to pluto
falcon lines boosters can also be reused
as well the three falcon 9 boosters
separate during flight and all return to
earth to land individually
[Music]
the falcon 9 has gone through seven
iterations version 1.0 version 1.1 and
version 1.2 which is called full thrust
and has five variants referred to as
blocks one through five altogether these
have flown 129 launches almost all of
which have been successful only one
falcon 9 launch has been an absolute
failure due to an inflight explosion
that totally destroyed the rocket in the
payload another was a partial failure as
the primary payload was actually
delivered to the international space
station but a secondary payload was
stranded in the wrong orbit spacex has
launched falcon heavy three times its
maiden voyage was particularly
noteworthy because elon musk decided to
make the test payload his own personal
tesla roadster with a dummy astronaut
named starman seated in the driver's
seat with one hand on the steering wheel
and an elbow out of the window starman
flew to space in style listening to
david bowie's space odyssey and life on
mars on repeat as if that didn't make
elon musk's long-term plans for
spaceflight and colonization obvious
enough spacex also included the arch
mission 1.2 disk the arch mission aims
to deposit libraries with records of
human civilization throughout the solar
system on data crystals that can last 14
billion years in this case the
discontained isaac asimov's foundation
trilogy now destined to orbit the sun
until the sun dies spacex also included
a copy of douglas adams novel the
hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy and the
roadster's glove compartment and sure
starman will always know where his towel
is by putting one on the dashboard along
with a sign reading don't panic lastly
there was a plaque with the names of
everyone who worked on the project
mounted underneath the car and a message
on the roads to circuit board reading
made on earth by humans the vast
majority of launches have taken place in
florida are either at cape canaveral
space force station or john f kennedy
space center a few have launched from
vandenberg space force base in
california most missions have been for
government or commercial purposes such
as taking cargo to the international
space station but in 2020 and 2021 about
half of the missions were dedicated to
carrying spacex's stalling satellites
into orbit in may of 2020 falcon 9 made
history by actually carrying human
beings astronauts robert banken and
douglas hurley into space in the dragon
crew spacecraft this was the first met
space flight by a private company in the
first manned space flight in an american
rocket since the last shuttle mission in
2011.
[Music]
falcon 9 already has some 60 planned
launches for 2022 for commercial and
governmental purposes the payloads
include manned missions in the crew
dragon spacecraft a lunar orbiter and
luna lander for nasa's commercial lunar
payload services program made by
intuitive machines this would be the
first spacecraft landed on the moon by a
private american company there are also
several more starlink missions planned
for the end of 2021. spacex has even
more ambitious plans for falcon heavy in
august 2022 the rocket will carry the
psych probe into space where it will
study the asteroid of the same name in
the hopes of discovering new information
about the formation of the solar system
things will get really interesting in
2024 when falcon heavy is supposed to
carry the europa clipper into
heliocentric orbit this space probe will
fly by jupiter's moon europa and conduct
a detailed survey looking for evidence
of geological processes determine the
features of the moon's subservice ocean
and investigate whether the moon could
have a life also in 2024 falcon heavy
will launch with the first parts of
gateway a planned space station that
will orbit the moon and provide a
laboratory in habitat for future
astronauts this is part of nasa's larger
artemis program which hopes to send
americans to the moon by 2024 it's also
been proposed as the starting point for
future missions to mars that's great
news for elon musk and spacex who have
made it no secret that their ultimate
goal is to colonize the red planet for
the time being they're well on their way
thanks to the ingenuity and the success
of the falcon 9 rockets
so i really hope you found that video
interesting if you did please do smash
that like button below don't forget to
subscribe also if you've got a
suggestion for a future mega projects
video please do leave it in the comments
below and as always thank you for
watching
[Music]
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you
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