Neuralink Reveals Results Of First Human Trial!
Summary
TLDR埃隆·马斯克的脑机接口公司Neuralink在首次人类试验中取得了突破性进展。首位植入Neuralink芯片的试验对象Nolan Arbau在短短100天内就创下了人类脑机接口控制的新世界纪录。Nolan现在能够通过思考来完成以前需要使用口部操纵杆才能完成的任务,包括玩电子游戏。尽管在手术后遇到了一些技术问题,如电极线回缩,但Neuralink通过算法优化成功克服了这一挑战。目前,Nolan的脑机接口速度和准确性已经接近于使用鼠标的健全人。Neuralink的目标是展示其设备在日常生活中的安全性和实用性,而不仅仅是创造纪录。尽管面临挑战,公司对未来发展持乐观态度,并计划在未来几个月内进行更多人类植入手术。
Takeaways
- 🚀 Neuralink公司首次进行人体试验,测试对象Nolan Arbau在植入脑机接口芯片后,创下了人类BCI光标控制速度的新世界纪录。
- 📈 在植入后的100天内,Nolan的BCI控制速度从4.6 BPS提升至8 BPS,接近健全人使用鼠标的10 BPS。
- 🕹️ Nolan现在能够仅用思维玩简单的电脑游戏,如国际象棋和文明6,甚至在Nintendo Switch上玩马里奥卡丁车。
- 🤖 Neuralink的软件能够区分左键和右键点击,允许精确移动光标以点击笔记本电脑屏幕上的最小图标和按钮。
- 🔌 N1芯片通过蓝牙将大脑活动数字化表示传输到附近的计算机设备,展示了该技术在现实生活中的应用。
- 🧵 手术过程中使用了64根电极线,每根线比人的头发还细,带有16个电极传感器,为Neuralink设备提供了超过1000个连接点。
- 🔍 在手术后的几周内,一些植入Nolan大脑组织的电极线开始回缩,导致大脑与植入物之间的通信减少。
- 📉 由于电极线的回缩,Nolan的BCI性能在2月底开始下降,从8 BPS降至3 BPS,但后来通过算法优化迅速恢复。
- 🔧 Neuralink认为手术后Nolan头骨内可能困住了空气,导致一种称为气颅症的情况,这影响了植入物的潜力,但对Nolan的安全没有风险。
- 🔄 尽管面临挑战,Neuralink对首次人体试验中出现的问题保持乐观,并相信问题可以得到解决,未来的植入物将能够捕获更多数据,为人类患者提供更大的能力。
- 📚 Neuralink已经向美国食品药品监督管理局报告了针对Nolan植入物遇到问题的解决方案,并计划在未来几个月进行另外两次人体植入手术。
Q & A
Neuralink 是什么公司?
-Neuralink 是埃隆·马斯克创立的一家专注于脑机接口技术的公司,旨在开发能够将人脑与计算机直接连接的设备。
Neuralink 的第一个人类试验对象是谁?
-Neuralink 的第一个人类试验对象是 Nolan,他成为了首个被植入 Neuralink 脑芯片的人。
Nolan 在植入 Neuralink 芯片后取得了哪些成就?
-Nolan 在植入 Neuralink 芯片后,创造了人类脑机接口光标控制速度和准确性的新世界纪录,达到了 4.6 BPS,并在三个月后提升至 8 BPS。
Neuralink 的脑机接口设备是如何工作的?
-Neuralink 的脑机接口设备通过电极线植入大脑皮层,尤其是运动皮层区域,每个电极线携带 16 个电极传感器,总共超过 1,000 个连接点,用以检测大脑皮层中的生物电脉冲,并将这些信号转换成数字信号,通过蓝牙传输到附近的计算机设备。
Nolan 在使用 Neuralink 设备时遇到了什么问题?
-在手术后的几周内,植入到 Nolan 大脑组织中的一些电极线开始回缩,导致大脑和植入物之间的通信部分中断,影响了设备的性能。
Neuralink 是如何处理 Nolan 遇到的设备的回缩问题的?
-Neuralink 通过优化算法来更好地利用从大脑收集到的有限数据,使得 Nolan 的脑机接口性能从下降的 3 BPS 快速恢复到原来的 8 BPS。
Neuralink 的初步研究目标是什么?
-Neuralink 的初步研究目标是证明其设备在日常生活中的安全性和实用性,而不仅仅是设置世界纪录或超越人类能力。
Neuralink 计划在未来进行多少次人类植入手术?
-Neuralink 计划在接下来的几个月中进行两次人类植入手术,并在 2024 年植入 10 人,2025 年增加到 27 人,2026 年增加到 79 人。
Neuralink 在动物模型上进行了多少次手术试验?
-在 2021 年,Neuralink 在羊、猪和猴子上总共进行了 155 次手术,在 2022 年这个数字增加到了 294 次。
Neuralink 设备的电极线为什么会在 Nolan 的大脑中回缩?
-根据《华尔街日报》的报道,Neuralink 认为手术后 Nolan 头骨内可能被困住了一些空气,这种情况称为气颅,可能导致电极线从脑组织中回缩。
Nolan 如何描述他使用 Neuralink 设备的体验?
-Nolan 表示,使用 Neuralink 设备让他能够完成过去 8 年中无法做到的事情,他现在能够仅用思想完成任务,不再需要使用他之前非常熟练的用嘴控制的物理设备。
Neuralink 设备的长期目标是什么?
-Neuralink 设备的长期目标是能够安全地移除和升级,为人类患者提供更多的数据捕获能力和更大的功能。
Outlines
🚀 Neuralink人脑植入芯片的首次人体试验及其成果
Elon Musk的Neuralink公司首次进行了人脑植入芯片的人体试验。Nolan Arbau成为首位接受植入的人类,他在100天的时间里,已经实现了脑机接口(BCI)控制光标速度和准确性的世界纪录。Nolan每天花费多达8小时参与Neuralink的研究会议,并在周末将个人和娱乐使用时间延长至每天10小时,每周达到69小时的BCI使用时间。他的速度从植入当天的4.6比特每秒(BPS)提高到3个月后的8 BPS,接近健全人使用鼠标的10 BPS。Neuralink的软件能够区分左键和右键点击,并且能够精确移动光标以点击笔记本电脑屏幕上的最小图标和按钮。这项技术的实际应用是,Nolan现在仅凭思考就能完成以前需要使用口棍(一种他含在嘴里与设备交互的工具)的任务。尽管Nolan已经能够熟练使用口棍,但他对BCI的评价是,一个月前他认为BCI和口棍一样好,如果不是更好的话,而且仍在改进中。Nolan现在不仅能玩简单的电脑游戏,如国际象棋和文明6,还能在Nintendo Switch游戏机上玩马里奥卡丁车,这超出了人们对早期阶段可能实现的功能的预期。Neuralink的主要目标是展示Link设备在日常生活中的安全性和实用性,而不仅仅是设置世界纪录或超越人类能力。尽管Nolan的测试中出现了至少一个问题,即手术后几周内一些植入脑组织的电极线开始回缩,减少了大脑与植入物之间的通信。Neuralink R1机器人在手术过程中将64根线植入大脑皮层,特别是运动皮层区域,每根线比人的头发还细,带有16个电极传感器,总共有超过1000个连接点。当线从大脑中回缩时,就会减少电极接口的数量,从而减少大脑连接的百分比。Neuralink的数据图表显示,从2月底开始,BCI的性能开始下降,但后来通过改进算法,Nolan的性能迅速恢复到8 BPS。
🔍 Neuralink植入物的挑战与未来计划
尽管Nolan的BCI性能有所下降,但Neuralink通过优化算法,使Nolan能够快速恢复到原来的8 BPS性能。在3月20日的直播中,Nolan展示了用意念下棋的能力。Neuralink认为,手术后Nolan颅内可能被困住了一些空气,导致一种称为气颅(pumilis)的状况,这虽然不会对Nolan的安全构成风险,但影响了他当前Neuralink植入物的潜力。如果电极线从脑组织中提取出来,就没有简单的方法将它们重新放回去。据华尔街日报报道,Neuralink已经提出了移除Nolan植入物的可能性,但目前没有迹象表明这将很快发生。Neuralink的Link设备设计为可移除和升级,内部人士表示,首次人体试验中遇到这样的挑战是预料之中的。尽管在动物身上进行了多次测试,但人脑手术的结果可能有所不同。Neuralink对食品和药物管理局报告说,他们相信已经找到了解决Nolan植入物遇到问题的方法,并计划在未来几个月进行另外两次人体植入手术。根据公司的潜在路线图,Neuralink的目标是在2024年植入10人,在2025年增加到27人,在2026年增加到79人。2021年,Neuralink在羊、猪和猴子身上进行了总共155次手术,2022年增加到294次。预计Neuralink将需要最多6年的时间来完成和验证首次人体试验的结果,主要研究期将在设备植入后的前18个月内进行,患者将每两个月与医疗团队检查一次,以监测进展并确保Neuralink设备按预期工作。同时,观众可以关注Nolan在X上的直播,了解他使用Neuralink能力的实时演示。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Neuralink
💡脑机接口(Brain-Computer Interface, BCI)
💡Nolan Arbau
💡电极线(Electrode Threads)
💡比特每秒(Bits Per Second, BPS)
💡N1芯片
💡远程监控
💡Pneumocephalus
💡FDA(美国食品药品监督管理局)
💡安全性和有效性
💡未来植入计划
Highlights
Neuralink公司首次进行人类试验,测试对象Nolan Arbau在植入脑芯片后100天内取得了前所未有的成就。
Nolan Arbau在首次研究会议中就创下了人类脑机接口(BCI)光标控制速度和准确性的新世界纪录。
Nolan Arbau每天最多可以进行8小时的Neuralink研究会议,周末个人和娱乐使用时间可达10小时。
Nolan Arbau使用N1芯片达到了每周69小时的脑机接口使用时间。
Nolan Arbau在光标控制上达到了4.6比特每秒(BPS)的速度,三个月后达到了8 BPS。
Neuralink的遥测软件能够区分左键和右键点击,实现精确的光标移动。
Nolan Arbau现在仅用思维就能完成之前需要使用口棍才能完成的任务。
Nolan Arbau使用Neuralink技术玩电脑游戏,如国际象棋和文明6,甚至在Nintendo Switch上玩马里奥卡丁车。
Neuralink的主要目标是证明脑机接口设备在日常生活中的安全性和实用性。
Nolan Arbau表示,Neuralink技术给他带来了前所未有的生活质量提升。
Neuralink在Nolan Arbau的测试中遇到了一个问题,植入的电极线开始从脑组织中回缩。
Neuralink R1机器人在手术中将64根电极线植入大脑皮层,每根线比人的头发还细。
电极线回缩导致脑皮层和植入物之间的电极接口数量减少,影响了脑机接口的性能。
Neuralink通过优化算法,即使在数据收集受限的情况下,也使Nolan Arbau的性能恢复到8 BPS。
Neuralink认为手术后Nolan Arbau颅内可能被困住了空气,导致电极线回缩。
Neuralink已经向美国食品药品监督管理局报告了解决Nolan Arbau植入物问题的方法。
Neuralink计划在未来几个月内进行另外两次人类植入手术。
Neuralink的目标是在2024年植入10人,2025年27人,2026年79人。
Neuralink在2021年对绵羊、猪和猴子进行了155次手术,2022年增加到294次。
Nolan Arbau在社交媒体上进行Neuralink能力的实时直播演示。
Transcripts
Elon musk's brain implant company
neuralink has revealed new results from
their first ever human trials we know
that Nur Link's first human test subject
has already accomplished something never
seen before in the world of brain
computer interface but the company has
also run into at least one unexpected
problem that needs to be
overcome it's been just over 100 days
since Nolan arbau became the first human
being to be implanted with a neuralink
and one brain chip the surgical
procedure was conducted at the Baro
Neurological Institute in Phoenix
Arizona which is the world's largest
treatment and research hospital for
neurological diseases in those 100 days
Nolan has already accomplished some
unprecedented Feats during his first
ever research session with nuring Nolan
was able to set a new world record for
human BCI cursor control that was day
one during weekdays Nolan spends up to 8
hours a day contributing to neuralink
research sessions on weekends his
personal and recreational use of the
implants can exceed up to 10 hours per
day he's been able to reach up to 69
hours per week of brain computer
interface with the N1 chip the standard
for measuring speed and accuracy of
cursor control is bits per second or BPS
and that's what nurlink is calculating
during these grid tests where you see
the cursor moving around and clicking on
different boxes on day one Nolan set a
new world record of 4.6 BPS 3 months
later Nolan is already achieving 8 BPS
and is quickly approaching the same
speed and accuracy of an able-bodied
person using a mouse with their hand
which is 10 BPS so he's close the
nerling telepathy software is able to
distinguish between left and right
clicks and allow for movement of the
cursor that is precise enough to click
on the smallest icons and buttons of a
laptop screen the real world result of
this technology is that Nolan is able to
use his thoughts alone to complete tasks
that previously required his mouth stick
literally a stick that he holds in his
mouth and uses to interact with a device
after 8 years of living with full body
paralysis Nolan had become very
proficient with using this physical
control in his daily life he even told
nurlink quote I thought that the mouth
stick was a lot better than BCI a month
ago when we compared them I saw that BCI
was just as good if not better and it's
still improving the games I can play now
are Leaps and Bounds better than
previous ones I'm beating my friend in
games that as a quadriplegic I should
not be beating them in not only can
Nolan now play Simple computer games
like chess and civilization 6 he's also
been able to use the N1 to play Mario
Kart on a Nintendo switch console which
is even more than I would have expected
to be possible at this early stage in
the game it's important to remember here
that the aim of the initial Prime study
is not about setting World Records or
beating human capabilities the primary
goal is to demonstrate that the link
device is safe and useful in daily life
so a lot of the work that neuralink is
doing is just remotely monitoring the
technical performance of the device to
try and measure the benefit that it
provides to Nolan and his quality of
life which so far appears to be
overwhelmingly positive Noland told
nurlink quote y'all are giving me too
much it's like a luxury overload I
haven't been able to do these things in
8 years and now I don't know where to
even start allocating my attention now
of course this is a first of its kind
medical procedure so it would be
expected that some things will not work
out as planned and neuralink is no
exception here there's been at least one
problem with the device that's already
cropped up in Nolan's testing so what we
know is that in the weeks following the
surgery a number of the electrode
threads that were implanted into Nolan's
brain tissue started to retract
essentially cutting off some of the
communication between the brain and the
implant during the surgical procedure
nurlink R1 robot was used to insert 64
threads into the outer layer of the
brain the cerebral cortex and
specifically this is targeted into the
motor cortex region of the brain
penetrating just a few millimeters deep
into the tissue each thread is thinner
than a human hair and Carries 16
electrod sensors giving the link device
a total of over 1,000 connection points
into the neural network of Nolan's brain
from here the electrodes can detect
bioelectric pulses created by neuron
activation within the cortex layer the
link device us uses signals collected by
the threads to create a digital
representation of the brain activity
that can be transmitted via Bluetooth
into a nearby computer device so when
the thread's retracted from the brain
that decreased the number of electrode
interfaces between the link implant and
the motor cortex so losing one thread
would be a 1.5% reduction in electrode
count losing just three threads would be
nearly a 5% reduction in brain
connection we can see the effect of this
in Nur Link's own data charts starting
late in February the performance of the
BCI started to drop off we can see that
Nolan goes from 8 BPS down to five then
four and as low as 3 BPS by mid-march
but then the number recovers again
quickly Nolan bounces back to 6 BPS by
around the same time period that nurlink
released the first live stream he was
featured in on March 20th where we saw
Nolan able to play chess on the stream
with his mind nurlin explains this by
saying that they honed the algorithm to
make better use of the limited data
being collected from the brain and we
can see that Nolan is quickly back to
his original performance of 8 BPS this
was acknowledged by Nolan at a nuring
company meeting that happened on March
1st which he posted a recording of 2x on
March 22nd Nolan said quote sure we're
still working out the Kinks and stuff
but once we get this figured out there's
no reason for the implant not to be out
there so this begs the question what
happened well according to a report from
The Wall Street Journal nurlink believes
that some air was trapped inside Nolan
skull after the surgery was performed
this is a condition called pumilis now
I'm not going to pretend like I'm a
doctor here but it appears like mild
cases of pumilis can be relatively
harmless and are often resolved by the
body reabsorbing the air so this doesn't
appear to pose any risk to Nolan's
safety but it does impact the potential
of his current neuralink implant if the
threads have extracted themselves from
the brain tissue then there's no easy
way to put them back in according to the
wsj report neuralink has already floated
the possibility of removing Nolan's
implant but we have no reason to believe
that this will actually happen anytime
soon though one of the upshots for the
link device is that it is intended to be
removable and upgradable over time
unnamed sources within neuralink have
said that challenges like this were
expected in the first test on a human
patient although they didn't specify any
reason why there would be a different
result after doing the procedure on a
human brain after dozens of test
implants on monkey and pig brains the
nuring sources say that the company
remains optimistic that this problem can
be resolved and that future implants
will be able to capture more data and
offer greater capabilities for human
patients nurlink has already reported to
the Food and Drug Administration that it
believes it has fixes for the problem
that was encountered with Nolan's
implant according to the same sources
reported by Wall Street Journal
neuralink already has plans for two more
human implant procedures in the coming
months these will go forward once a
safety review of Nolan's implant is
completed nurlink reportedly maintains a
goal to implant 10 people this year with
the device according to a potential road
map from the company that will increase
to another 27 implants in 2025 and 79 in
2026 in 2021 nurlink performed a total
of 155 surgeries on sheep pigs and
monkeys in 2022 that number grew to 294
total surgeries so it's expected that
the first human trial will take up to 6
years for nurlink to complete and verify
their findings the primary study period
will take place over the first 18 months
after the device has been implanted
patients will check in with a medical
team every 2 months to monitor progress
and ensure the nurlink device continues
to work as intended in the meantime make
sure you follow Nolan on X at modded
quad he started doing live stream
demonstrations of his neur link
abilities and it's pretty fascinating to
watch this all progress in real time
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