Unggah-Ungguh Basa Jawa - Kesopanan bertutur dalam bahasa Jawa

Summary

This video script delves into the nuances of Javanese language, focusing on the various levels of speech known as 'unggah-ungguh'. It explores how these levels—Ngoko, Kromo Madyo, and Kromo Inggil—are used to show respect depending on the context, age, social status, and relationship between speakers. Through examples, the script demonstrates how different vocabulary and forms of address are employed in everyday conversations. Additionally, it touches on the cultural importance of these speech forms in Javanese society, emphasizing respect, hierarchy, and appropriate conduct in communication.

Takeaways

• 😀 Javanese language has three primary speech levels: Ngoko (informal), Krama Madyo (moderately formal), and Krama Inggil (formal and polite).
• 😀 Ngoko is used in casual conversations, among friends, peers, or in informal settings, with no need for honorifics.
• 😀 Krama Madyo is used in semi-formal situations to show respect but not in the most formal settings. It mixes respectful terms with regular speech.
• 😀 Krama Inggil is the most formal level of Javanese, used to show deep respect, particularly when speaking to elders, authority figures, or in very formal situations.
• 😀 The use of Javanese speech levels is influenced by factors such as age, social status, and the relationship between the speakers.
• 😀 Example of Ngoko: 'Pak Tono ngajak ngobrol karo putrane' (Pak Tono talks with his son).
• 😀 Example of Krama Madyo: 'Pak Tono nyuwun pirsa, apa sampeyan saged ngunjungi Jakarta?' (Pak Tono asks if you can visit Jakarta).
• 😀 Example of Krama Inggil: 'Panjenengan saged rawuh ing Jakarta ingkang pinanggih?' (Could you attend the meeting in Jakarta?).
• 😀 The Javanese language demonstrates a clear structure of respect through varying levels of speech, with the context of the conversation determining which level is used.
• 😀 Social hierarchy plays a significant role in determining the choice of language in Javanese. Higher respect is shown using more formal speech levels.
• 😀 The script discusses common confusion between Krama Madyo and Krama Inggil, helping learners understand when to switch between the two based on context and respect.

Q & A

What are the main speech levels in Javanese?

The main speech levels in Javanese are Ngoko, Madyo, and Krama. Ngoko is informal, Madyo is semi-formal, and Krama is formal, each used in different social contexts based on respect, familiarity, and the relationship between speakers.

When is Ngoko used in Javanese?

Ngoko is used in informal settings, typically with close friends, family members, or people of the same age or younger. It is the most casual form of speech in Javanese.

What is the difference between Ngoko and Krama?

Ngoko is informal and direct, used with peers or close acquaintances, while Krama is formal and respectful, used with elders, superiors, or in formal situations. Krama features more elevated and polite language.

What does Madyo represent in the Javanese speech system?

Madyo is a semi-formal speech level, used when speaking to people who are not very close but still deserve a level of respect. It is a mix between Ngoko and Krama.

Can you give an example of a word used differently in Ngoko, Madyo, and Krama?

For example, the word for 'to bathe' changes across the speech levels: 'adus' in Ngoko, 'adus' or 'sirami' in Madyo, and 'siram' in Krama.

Why is it important to understand these speech levels in Javanese?

Understanding these speech levels is essential for navigating social interactions and showing respect according to age, social status, and the formality of the situation. It helps maintain proper etiquette in communication.

How does age influence the use of Javanese speech levels?

Younger speakers generally use Ngoko with peers, but as they grow older or interact with elders, they switch to more formal speech levels like Madyo or Krama to show respect.

How does social status affect the choice of speech level in Javanese?

Social status plays a key role in speech level selection. Elders, superiors, or people in authority are addressed using Krama to show respect, while peers or younger people may be addressed using Ngoko.

What is the role of context in determining which speech level to use?

The context of the conversation dictates the speech level. In formal settings such as public speeches or with strangers, Krama is used. In casual settings, Ngoko is more appropriate, while Madyo fits in neutral social interactions.

What are the challenges speakers face when choosing between Ngoko, Madyo, and Krama?

Speakers may face challenges in determining the appropriate speech level, especially in cases where they are unsure of the listener's social status or the formality of the situation. Misuse of speech levels could lead to misunderstandings or disrespect.