RESEARCH INSTRUMENT | Part 2

Summary

This video explains the role of research instruments in data collection, with a focus on questionnaires. It emphasizes the importance of aligning research questions, related literature, and methodology to form effective research instruments. The video introduces different types of questions, such as yes/no, recognition, completion, coding, and subjective types, and provides guidelines on wording and structuring questions. It also covers key concepts like validity, reliability, and the use of scales such as Likert and semantic differential scales to measure attitudes. The video serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers in developing precise and effective research instruments.

Takeaways

• 😀 Make sure to watch Part 1 of the video before proceeding with this one to understand the basics of research instruments and data collection methods.
• 😀 A well-constructed research instrument, such as a questionnaire, is directly related to your research questions and literature review.
• 😀 The Review of Related Literature (RRL) is essential in developing your research instrument, as it provides indicators and ensures content validity.
• 😀 The development of research instruments is not a simple 'copy-paste' process; it requires thorough consideration of various aspects of the research paper.
• 😀 There are five common types of questions used in questionnaires: Yes/No, Recognition, Completion, Coding, and Subjective questions.
• 😀 A Combination Type questionnaire combines two or more question types to gain a broader understanding from respondents.
• 😀 When designing questions, always state them in an affirmative form to avoid confusion, and avoid ambiguous or double-negative questions.
• 😀 It is important to avoid double-barrel questions, where two different questions are combined into one statement.
• 😀 Commonly used scales in research instruments include the Likert scale (measuring attitudes) and the Semantic Differential scale (measuring perceptions using bipolar adjectives).
• 😀 Characteristics of a good research instrument include conciseness, logical sequencing of questions, alignment with research objectives, and the ability to ensure validity and reliability.

Q & A

Why is it important to watch part one of the video before part two?

Part one of the video introduces foundational concepts about research instruments, data collection methods, and their advantages and disadvantages, which are essential for understanding the more detailed content presented in part two.

What role does the Statement of the Problem (SOP) play in creating a research instrument?

The SOP is crucial because it defines the research questions, which directly guide the formulation of questions in the research instrument, ensuring that the instrument addresses the core issues of the study.

How does the Review of Related Literature (RRL) contribute to the development of a research instrument?

The RRL provides background data and insights from previous studies, which are used to define the indicators for the study’s variables. These indicators help ensure the validity of the research instrument, particularly the questionnaire.

What is the significance of using valid indicators in a research instrument?

Valid indicators, backed by previous research and expert studies, ensure that the questions in the research instrument are relevant and measure the intended variables accurately, contributing to the instrument's overall validity.

What are the five common types of questions used in research instruments?

The five common types of questions are: Yes/No questions, Recognition type questions, Completion type questions, Coding type questions, and Subjective type questions.

What is the difference between Recognition type and Completion type questions?

Recognition type questions offer pre-defined choices for the respondents to select from, while Completion type questions require the respondent to fill in the blanks with their own answers.

What is a Likert scale, and how is it used in research?

A Likert scale is a rating system commonly used to measure people's attitudes or opinions. Respondents indicate their level of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements, typically using responses like 'Strongly Agree', 'Agree', 'Neutral', 'Disagree', or 'Strongly Disagree'.

How does the Semantic Differential scale differ from the Likert scale?

The Semantic Differential scale uses a set of bipolar adjectives (e.g., 'Love' vs. 'Hate') to rate perceptions of a product or concept, whereas the Likert scale focuses on the degree of agreement or disagreement with statements.

What are the characteristics of a good research instrument?

A good research instrument must be concise, gather data that cannot be obtained from other sources, have a logical sequence of questions, be valid and reliable, and allow for easy analysis and interpretation of the data.

Why should a questionnaire be designed to take no more than 10 minutes to complete?

A questionnaire that takes too long may lead to respondent fatigue, reducing the quality and reliability of the answers. Keeping it under 10 minutes ensures better engagement and more accurate data.