Instrumen Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Observasi, Wawancara, Catatan Harian, Tes, Analisis Dok

Summary

This video discusses the essential instruments used in classroom action research (PTK) to collect data for evaluating the teaching and learning process. Key research tools include observation, interviews, daily notes, tests, and document analysis. The script elaborates on the definitions, types, and applications of these instruments, explaining how they help researchers gather qualitative and quantitative data. It also highlights the importance of using the right tools to understand classroom dynamics, student performance, and overall teaching effectiveness, ultimately aiming to improve the educational process.

Takeaways

• 😀 Observation is a key data collection method in Classroom Action Research (CAR), which involves systematically or incidentally observing teaching and learning activities.
• 😀 There are two types of observation based on planning: systematic (pre-planned) and incidental (unplanned during the process).
• 😀 Participatory observation involves the researcher or teacher engaging in the class activities, while non-participatory observation is purely observational.
• 😀 Observational tools include checklists, anecdotal records for extraordinary events, and rating scales to evaluate behaviors or actions.
• 😀 Interviews are another important tool for data collection in CAR, allowing researchers to gather verbal insights from students about their learning experiences.
• 😀 Interviews can be open-ended (allowing for free responses) or closed-ended (limited to yes/no answers).
• 😀 Daily logs or journals are used by researchers or teachers to record and reflect on daily classroom events and teaching methods.
• 😀 Daily logs help track student development and classroom interactions, providing detailed insights into the progress of the research.
• 😀 Tests are used to measure student knowledge and cognitive abilities, with two types: objective tests (with uniform answers) and subjective tests (requiring open-ended responses).
• 😀 Document analysis involves reviewing written materials such as lesson plans, homework, and student work to assess educational quality and student performance.

Q & A

What is the purpose of instruments in Classroom Action Research (PTK)?

Instruments in Classroom Action Research (PTK) are essential tools for collecting data related to teaching and learning activities. They help identify and analyze issues within the classroom and provide data that can be used to improve teaching methods and student learning outcomes.

What are the key types of instruments used in PTK?

The key instruments used in PTK include observation, interviews, daily notes, tests, and document analysis. These tools help gather both qualitative and quantitative data related to classroom activities and student performance.

How is observation used as a data collection method in PTK?

Observation in PTK involves watching and recording events that occur during teaching and learning activities. It can be systematic (pre-planned) or incidental (unplanned). Observations can also be participatory (where the observer is involved in the activity) or non-participatory (where the observer only watches).

What is the difference between systematic and incidental observation?

Systematic observation is planned in advance, focusing on specific aspects such as time, place, and what will be observed. Incidental observation occurs spontaneously, without prior planning, allowing the observer to note events as they unfold.

What tools are used in the observation process?

Common tools used in observation include checklists (for ticking observed aspects), anecdotal notes (for recording significant events), and rating scales (to assess specific behaviors or attributes).

How are interviews used in PTK, and what types of questions are involved?

Interviews are used to gather verbal data from students about their views on the learning process. They can include open-ended questions (allowing students to express themselves freely) and closed-ended questions (where the responses are yes/no). Interviews help clarify and expand on other data collected.

What are the benefits of using interviews as an instrument in PTK?

Interviews allow for deeper insights into student attitudes, opinions, and experiences. They help validate other data and can provide more detailed explanations of observed behaviors or learning processes.

What is the role of daily notes in PTK?

Daily notes are used by teachers to record and reflect on daily events in the classroom, including student interactions, teaching strategies, and other relevant activities. They help track student progress and adjust teaching methods.

How do tests function as instruments in PTK?

Tests in PTK assess students' cognitive abilities and understanding of the material. They can be objective (with fixed answers) or subjective (requiring written essays or explanations). Tests help measure student performance and mastery of the content.

What is the significance of document analysis in PTK?

Document analysis in PTK involves reviewing written materials such as lesson plans, student assignments, and other classroom documents to assess student performance, learning progress, and the overall effectiveness of the teaching process.