La visita militare del legionario romano. Come avveniva?

Summary

The video script delves into the recruitment process of the Roman Legion, highlighting the rigorous selection criteria that potential soldiers had to meet. It begins with the historical context, explaining that the Senate authorized conscription and that consuls, or their delegates called 'conquis tores,' were responsible for recruitment. The recruitment period, known as 'probatio,' typically occurred between December and February to prepare recruits for the summer military campaigns. Candidates had to be at least 17 years old, of robust physical stature, and Roman citizens, with exceptions made during desperate times. A candidate's background, including their rural or urban upbringing and geographical origin, was considered, as it was believed to influence their military prowess and temperament. The importance of literacy for record-keeping within the military was also emphasized. Successful candidates were documented and received training to begin their military career, with a focus on the human emotions involved in this life-changing event.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ The military recruitment process, known as 'probatio', was authorized by the Senate and involved a period from December to February to prepare recruits for the summer military campaigns.
• 👥 The recruitment was conducted by officials called 'conquis tores', who were either of senatorial rank or equestrian rank, depending on whether they were recruiting in Italy or the provinces.
• 👮‍♂️ The legal minimum age for joining the Roman army was 17 years, although this was occasionally lowered in times of crisis.
• 📝 Citizenship was a crucial requirement for joining the Roman Legions; only Roman citizens could become legionaries, with severe penalties for those who falsely claimed citizenship.
• 🏋️‍♂️ Physical requirements included a minimum height of 5 feet 7 inches (1.65 meters) for infantry and 5 feet 11 inches (1.78 meters) for the cavalry.
• 💼 A recommendation letter from a person of standing, while not legally required, was highly beneficial and often necessary for a successful recruitment.
• 🏞️ Geographic origin was considered during recruitment, with rural recruits being preferred for their accustomed hardiness, and recruits from certain climates being viewed as more balanced or spirited.
• 📚 Education was valued; legionaries needed to be able to read, write, and perform calculations for record-keeping purposes.
• 🏅 After acceptance, recruits officially became 'tirones' and were given documents detailing their personal information, including any distinguishing physical features.
• 📜 The recruitment process included a declaration of Roman citizenship, with guarantees from established Roman citizens, and a formal oath taken by the recruit.
• 🎗️ Physical robustness and endurance were highly regarded, sometimes even outweighing certain physical imperfections, as the ability to withstand fatigue and combat was paramount.

Q & A

What was the legal minimum age to join the Roman army?

The legal minimum age to join the Roman army was 17 years old, which was also the age when a Roman citizen officially became an adult by wearing the toga virilis.

Were there any exceptions to the minimum age requirement for the Roman army?

Yes, in times of crisis or need, the minimum age could be lowered, and there were instances where 16 or 15-year-old boys were recruited, although these were exceptional circumstances.

What was the average age range of the Roman soldiers?

The average age range of the Roman soldiers was between 18 and 23 years old, with most of the Legionaries falling within this age bracket.

What was the maximum age limit for joining the Roman army?

The maximum age limit for joining the Roman army was 35 years old. Individuals above this age were not accepted.

Who was eligible to become a Roman Legionary?

Only Roman citizens were eligible to become Legionaries. Non-citizens could serve as auxiliaries or support troops but could not be part of the Legion.

What was the significance of the citizenship requirement for a Roman Legionary?

The citizenship requirement was an absolute rule in the Roman army. Even in times of severe crisis, when the need for new recruits was high, the rule was not completely abandoned. Instead, citizenship was granted at the moment of recruitment as an extreme measure.

What was the role of a recommendation in the recruitment process?

A recommendation, usually in the form of a letter from a reputable person like a noble, aristocrat, or official, was not legally required but was highly beneficial and often necessary for a candidate to be considered for recruitment.

What physical characteristics were preferred for a Roman Legionary?

The preferred physical characteristics included a strong and robust body, with a tall stature (at least 1.65m or 5 feet 7 inches), strong arms, long fingers, and a well-proportioned physique. The ability to endure fatigue and combat situations was highly valued.

How was the height requirement different for the Roman cavalry?

For the Roman cavalry, the minimum height requirement was higher, at least 1.78m or 5 feet 10 inches, to ensure physical prowess and stamina.

What was the significance of a candidate's origin in the recruitment process?

A candidate's origin, both geographical and socio-economic, was considered during recruitment. Those from rural backgrounds were preferred for their presumed familiarity with hard work, while those from urban areas or certain professions were less favored.

What was the importance of literacy and education for a Roman Legionary?

Literacy and education were important as the military life required regular and continuous record-keeping. A candidate who could read, write, and perform basic calculations was viewed favorably as these skills were necessary for documenting orders, pay, rewards, punishments, and other administrative tasks.

What was the term used for a new recruit in the Roman army?

A new recruit in the Roman army was called a 'tiro' or 'tirones' in plural. Upon acceptance, they received a document detailing their personal information and physical characteristics.