(Part 1) PPKn Kelas 9 Bab 3 Kedaulatan Negara Republik Indonesia | A. Hakikat dan Teori Kedaulatan

Summary

The video discusses the concept of sovereignty in Indonesia, focusing on the nation's independence and the importance of sovereignty for national security. It defines sovereignty as the highest authority in a country, explaining key theories such as divine sovereignty, royal sovereignty, state sovereignty, legal sovereignty, and people's sovereignty. Each theory offers a different perspective on where ultimate power resides, from God to the people. The script also highlights how Indonesia adopts the principle of legal sovereignty within its constitution. The lesson encourages students to understand and appreciate the significance of sovereignty in shaping a nation.

Takeaways

• 🕌 The lesson begins with greetings and prayers for students' well-being, followed by an introduction to Chapter 3: Sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
• 📜 Sovereignty refers to the supreme authority a nation has over its territory, and it is crucial for national defense and security.
• ⚖️ Sovereignty is derived from the Arabic word 'Daulah' (meaning power) and in English is referred to as 'sovereignty'.
• 🏛️ Sovereignty has four main characteristics: it is original (does not come from a higher power), indivisible, permanent, and singular (there is only one supreme power).
• 🤝 The concept of 'people's sovereignty' is closely related to the idea of a 'social contract', where nations are formed by agreements between people.
• 👑 The theory of divine sovereignty asserts that ultimate power belongs to God, and rulers, such as kings, are considered to have divine authority.
• 👑 Another theory is the sovereignty of kings, where the king holds the highest power, often above laws and moral principles, allowing them to act as they wish.
• 🏛️ The theory of state sovereignty argues that the state itself holds unlimited power over the lives, liberty, and property of its citizens.
• 📜 The theory of legal sovereignty places the highest authority in the law, which stems from society's legal consciousness. This concept is embodied in Indonesia's 1945 Constitution.
• 👥 The theory of popular sovereignty, championed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, claims that ultimate power lies with the people, who delegate authority to the state and government.

Q & A

What is the definition of sovereignty according to the script?

Sovereignty is the highest authority that a country holds over its own territory, which is vital and cannot be challenged as it relates to national defense and security.

What is the origin of the term 'sovereignty'?

The term 'sovereignty' originates from the Arabic word 'Daulah,' meaning power, and in English, it is referred to as 'sovereignty.'

What are the key characteristics of a nation's sovereignty according to the script?

The four key characteristics are: (1) Original, meaning it is the highest power not derived from another source, (2) Indivisible, meaning it is held entirely by the sovereign, (3) Permanent, meaning it remains unchanged over time, and (4) Unique, meaning there is only one supreme power.

How does the script explain the concept of 'sovereignty of the people'?

Sovereignty of the people is closely related to the concept of a social contract, where a society forms a nation through an agreement, delegating sovereignty to the government on behalf of the people.

What is the 'social contract' theory mentioned in the script?

The 'social contract' theory explains that societies form nations through agreements, giving the government authority to represent the people's sovereignty.

What is the theory of divine sovereignty as mentioned in the script?

The theory of divine sovereignty claims that the highest power belongs to God, and monarchs rule as God's representatives, deriving their authority from divine power.

How does the theory of royal sovereignty differ from the theory of divine sovereignty?

The theory of royal sovereignty asserts that the highest power belongs to the king, who can act above the law and constitution, while the theory of divine sovereignty attributes supreme authority to God with the king acting as God's representative.

What does the theory of state sovereignty entail?

The theory of state sovereignty holds that the state (government) is the ultimate authority, with unlimited power over its citizens' life, liberty, and property, and citizens do not hold sovereignty themselves.

What is the role of law in the theory of legal sovereignty?

In the theory of legal sovereignty, the highest power lies in the law, which is based on the legal consciousness of individuals. Law is seen as the source of sovereignty, and it distinguishes between what is just and unjust.

How is the theory of popular sovereignty applied in Indonesia?

Indonesia applies the theory of popular sovereignty through its 1945 Constitution, which states that sovereignty lies in the hands of the people and is implemented through laws.