Sejarah Bahasa Indonesia dan Perkembangannya Hingga Kini

Satria Wijaya, S.Pd., M.Pd.

3 Oct 202419:53

Summary

TLDRThe presenter, Satria Wijaya, delivers a detailed presentation on the history and development of the Indonesian language. He emphasizes the origins of Indonesian from Malay, its role in the 1928 Youth Pledge as a unifying language, and its simplicity and widespread use in Indonesia. Satria also highlights the influence of other languages, such as Sanskrit, Arabic, and Dutch, on Indonesian. He celebrates its recognition as an official UNESCO language in 2023 and stresses the importance of preserving and promoting Indonesian as a national identity and soft skill.

Takeaways

📝 The presentation covers the history and development of the Indonesian language, originally derived from Malay.
🗓️ Indonesian was declared the national language on October 28, 1928, during the Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda).
🌍 Malay was chosen as the national language due to its widespread use across Southeast Asia and its simplicity.
📜 Historical evidence of Malay usage can be found in ancient inscriptions, such as the Kedukan Bukit, Talang Tuwo, and Kota Kapur inscriptions.
🌐 Malay became Indonesia's national language because it was already the lingua franca across different ethnic groups in the archipelago.
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Malay has close ties to other Indonesian languages, making it more accepted as the national language.
📚 Indonesian is easier to learn compared to other regional languages like Javanese or Sundanese, which have multiple speech levels.
🏛️ Indonesian, as a language, is influenced by other languages like Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, Sanskrit, Arabic, and Mandarin.
🎓 The teaching of Indonesian language plays a role in shaping the character of Indonesian students and fostering national pride.
🌟 In 2023, Indonesian was recognized as an official language of UNESCO, highlighting its growing international significance.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the presentation?
-The presentation focuses on the history and development of the Indonesian language, particularly its evolution from the Malay dialect and its significance as a national language.
Why is it important for students to learn about the history of the Indonesian language?
-It is important for students to understand the history of the Indonesian language to appreciate how it evolved into a national identity and how it became a unifying language for communication among the diverse ethnic groups in Indonesia.
What was the significance of the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge) in relation to the Indonesian language?
-The Sumpah Pemuda, declared on October 28, 1928, was a pivotal moment where Indonesian youths from across the nation pledged to uphold one language, Indonesian, as a unifying language. This helped establish the Indonesian language as the language of national unity.
Why was Malay chosen as the basis for the Indonesian language?
-Malay was chosen as the basis for the Indonesian language because it was already widely used as a lingua franca for communication across different ethnic groups in the region. It was simple, adaptable, and had historical roots in various kingdoms such as Sriwijaya.
What role did historical inscriptions play in the development of the Indonesian language?
-Historical inscriptions, such as the Kedukan Bukit and Talang Tuwo inscriptions, written in Old Malay, provide evidence of Malay being used in various kingdoms. These inscriptions demonstrate the language's long-standing role in governance and communication in the region.
How did the Malay language evolve into the modern Indonesian language?
-The Malay language evolved into Indonesian through gradual changes and standardization over time, influenced by its adoption as the national language and the incorporation of elements from other languages, including Arabic, Sanskrit, Dutch, and regional languages.
What were the key factors that contributed to the acceptance of Malay as the national language?
-Malay was accepted as the national language due to its simplicity, widespread use, and lack of association with any particular ethnic group, making it a neutral and practical choice for uniting the country.
What foreign languages have influenced the Indonesian language?
-The Indonesian language has been influenced by several foreign languages, including Persian (for trade), Portuguese (for religion and trade), Dutch (for administration and law), Chinese (for trade), Tamil, Sanskrit, and Arabic (for religion and governance).
How has the Indonesian language been promoted internationally?
-The Indonesian language has been promoted internationally through its inclusion in the curriculum of 52 countries and its recognition as an official language at UNESCO's General Conference in 2023. It is also taught to over 150,000 foreign speakers worldwide.
What are the future goals for the Indonesian language on a global scale?
-The future goals for the Indonesian language include furthering its status as an international language, expanding its presence in global forums, and continuing efforts to introduce and teach it in more countries around the world.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to the History and Development of the Indonesian Language

The speaker, Satria Wijaya, introduces the topic of Indonesian language history and development. He encourages an attentive audience, especially those in related fields like history, to contribute and correct if necessary. He emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical context of the Indonesian language, especially for university students, before delving into technical aspects of its usage as the national and everyday language. The evolution of the language from its Malay roots to its status as a unifying national language in 1928 is highlighted.

05:01

📖 Historical Roots of the Indonesian Language and Its National Adoption

The paragraph dives into the historical background of the Indonesian language, tracing its roots to the Malay dialect spoken in the Riau region. On October 28, 1928, Indonesian youth representatives declared Indonesian as the unifying language during the 'Sumpah Pemuda' (Youth Pledge). The adoption of Malay as the basis of the Indonesian language was due to its widespread use as a 'lingua franca' across various ethnic groups and regions. Historical evidence from inscriptions in regions like Sriwijaya shows the use of Old Malay, further supporting its selection as the national language.

10:03

🌍 Reasons for Adopting Malay as the National Language

This section explores the reasons why Malay was chosen as Indonesia's national language. The language was seen as familiar across the archipelago due to its similarities with other regional languages like Javanese and Sundanese, its simplicity, and its ease of learning. Unlike other regional languages, Malay lacked hierarchical forms that made communication more straightforward. Additionally, there was wide acceptance of Malay as the national language due to its simplicity and the willingness of people across Indonesia to adopt it for national unity.

15:05

🗣️ Influence of Other Languages on Indonesian

The paragraph explains how the Indonesian language has evolved over time by incorporating words and influences from various foreign languages. These include Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, Mandarin, Tamil, Sanskrit, Arabic, and local dialects. For example, words from Persian influenced trade, while Dutch contributed to legal and administrative vocabulary. Over time, these borrowed terms have been adapted into the formal Indonesian lexicon, leading to a richer and more diverse language.

🌐 The Internationalization and Modern Development of the Indonesian Language

This section emphasizes how Indonesian continues to evolve and expand, especially in its goal to become an international language. Since its declaration as the national language, it has grown in influence, incorporating elements from foreign languages, reflecting Indonesia’s engagement with the world. The development of new vocabulary and adaptation to international norms through the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) are also noted.

🏛️ Indonesian Language’s Role in Independence and Global Recognition

The Indonesian language played a crucial role in Indonesia’s Proclamation of Independence in 1945. The document was written in Indonesian, reinforcing its status as the language of the nation. The paragraph also notes significant political and academic efforts to promote Indonesian, such as the annual national language seminars and political initiatives that culminated in UNESCO recognizing Indonesian as an official language in 2023. With over 275 million speakers globally, Indonesian is now taught in 52 countries, signifying its growing global prominence.

🎓 The Importance of Teaching and Promoting Indonesian Nationally and Internationally

The speaker highlights Indonesia's success in promoting its language abroad, with 52 countries adopting Indonesian language programs, and notes that Indonesian was officially recognized as a UNESCO conference language in 2023. The paragraph also stresses the significance of character education in learning the Indonesian language at various academic levels, which aims to instill pride, identity, and a sense of nationalism among students. The ongoing development of the language through congresses and collaborations is also mentioned, ensuring its relevance and adaptation on the global stage.

🌟 Conclusion: The Indonesian Language as a National and International Asset

In the final section, the speaker expresses pride in Indonesia’s achievements in promoting the language. Indonesian is not only a symbol of national unity but also an asset in the global arena. The paragraph underscores the importance of mastering and preserving the language, while also adapting it as a tool for global communication. The session ends with a call to embrace and continually improve proficiency in the Indonesian language, seeing it as a vital skill in both personal and professional realms.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Bahasa Indonesia

Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia and plays a key role in the country's national identity. In the video, it is explained how Bahasa Indonesia evolved from the Malay language and became the unifying language for the nation. It serves not only as a means of daily communication but also as a symbol of unity and cultural pride for the Indonesian people.

💡Sumpah Pemuda

Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge) was a declaration made on October 28, 1928, where Indonesian youth from various ethnic backgrounds vowed to unite under one nation, one homeland, and one language—Bahasa Indonesia. This historic event marked a turning point in establishing Bahasa Indonesia as the language of national unity, which the video highlights as foundational for its development.

💡Lingua Franca

Lingua Franca refers to a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different. In the context of the video, Bahasa Indonesia (originating from Malay) is explained as having been a lingua franca in the archipelago, facilitating communication between different ethnic groups, which was one reason it was chosen as the national language.

💡Prasasti

Prasasti refers to inscriptions or ancient written records. The video mentions several examples of historical inscriptions, such as Kedukan Bukit, Talang Tuwo, and Kota Kapur, which were written in Old Malay, demonstrating the early use of the language in communication and governance, further validating Malay’s influence on modern Bahasa Indonesia.

💡Perkembangan Bahasa

Perkembangan Bahasa means 'language development,' and in the video, it refers to the evolution of Bahasa Indonesia over time. The language has grown by incorporating words and influences from other languages, such as Sanskrit, Arabic, Dutch, and Portuguese. This concept highlights how Bahasa Indonesia has adapted and expanded, reflecting its role in Indonesia’s modernization and globalization.

💡Identitas Nasional

Identitas Nasional, or 'national identity,' is a central theme in the video. Bahasa Indonesia is presented as a key component of Indonesia's national identity, uniting its diverse population. The video emphasizes how the use of Bahasa Indonesia strengthens the country’s sense of identity, nationalism, and pride.

💡Kerajaan Melayu

Kerajaan Melayu refers to Malay kingdoms such as the Sriwijaya kingdom, where Old Malay was used for administration and communication. The video mentions these historical kingdoms to explain how the Malay language formed the basis of Bahasa Indonesia, showing its deep historical roots in the region.

💡Pengaruh Bahasa Asing

Pengaruh Bahasa Asing means 'foreign language influences.' The video explains how Bahasa Indonesia has been influenced by other languages, including Arabic, Portuguese, Dutch, Sanskrit, and others. These languages have contributed to the vocabulary and development of Bahasa Indonesia, especially in areas like trade, law, religion, and governance.

💡Bahasa Internasional

Bahasa Internasional refers to the idea of Bahasa Indonesia becoming an international language. The video mentions efforts to promote Bahasa Indonesia globally, including its recognition as one of the official languages at UNESCO conferences and its growing number of learners worldwide, reflecting Indonesia’s aspirations for its language to gain international prominence.

💡Kongres Bahasa

Kongres Bahasa refers to language congresses or seminars held in Indonesia to discuss and promote the use and development of Bahasa Indonesia. The video mentions these events, such as the National Language Seminar, as forums where experts discuss the future of the language and its role in education, culture, and international contexts.

Highlights

Introduction to the presentation on the history and development of the Indonesian language.

The importance of understanding the history of the Indonesian language before mastering its technical usage.

The historical significance of October 28, 1928, when Indonesian youth declared Indonesian as the language of unity during the Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda).

The origin of the Indonesian language from the Riau Malay dialect and its role in unifying various ethnic groups in Indonesia.

The use of Malay language by the Sriwijaya Kingdom and other ancient kingdoms in Indonesia, as evidenced by inscriptions like Kedukan Bukit, Talang Tuwo, and Kota Kapur.

Factors contributing to the selection of Malay as the national language, including its role as a lingua franca and its wide geographical spread.

The simplicity of the Malay language system, making it easier to learn compared to regional languages such as Javanese and Sundanese, which have complex levels of speech.

The acceptance of the Malay language by the Indonesian people as a unifying language, contributing to its adoption as the national language.

Malay was considered a language of culture that facilitated communication across different regions of Indonesia.

The transformation of the Malay language into Indonesian, including adjustments to its spelling to align with the linguistic needs of the Indonesian people.

The influence of foreign languages like Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese, Tamil, Sanskrit, and Arabic on the development of Indonesian.

Indonesian's role in the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945 and its significance in declaring Indonesia's sovereignty.

The role of the Indonesian language in international diplomacy, including its recognition as an official language of UNESCO in 2023.

The presence of Indonesian language programs in 52 countries, with at least 150,000 foreign speakers, and its increasing global recognition.

The Indonesian language’s adoption into various educational curriculums as a tool for character-building and national pride.