5 Fase Perkembangan Teater Di Dunia #kurikulummerdeka #seniteater
Summary
TLDRThis video offers an informative overview of the history and development of theater, covering its five major phases from ancient times to the postmodern era. Starting with ancient Greek and Roman theater, the video explores medieval religious plays, Elizabethan drama, the rise of realism, and avant-garde movements. It concludes with the evolution of postmodern theater, highlighting advancements in technology, changes in performance styles, and the growing importance of stage production. The video emphasizes how theater has continuously adapted to reflect societal changes and artistic experimentation.
Takeaways
- 🎭 Theater originates from the Greek word 'theatron,' initially referring to a place or building for performances.
- 📖 In its broad sense, theater encompasses performances presented before an audience.
- 🤝 Drama comes from the Greek word 'dran,' meaning to act or do, and centers on human conflicts with themselves or others.
- 🏛️ The first phase of theater, classical or primitive, started around 1000 BCE and featured Greek amphitheaters with mythological and tragic performances.
- 🎶 Greek theaters often included choruses of singers, dancers, and narrators.
- 🎟️ Roman theater, modeled after Greek designs, added elements like acrobatics and live animals, but was more enclosed.
- ⛪ During the medieval era, theater revived through religious dramas performed in churches to teach moral lessons in Latin.
- 👑 In the Elizabethan period, theater became popular with wooden playhouses, stratified seating, and plays featuring social realism.
- 🔍 The realist movement in theater sought to depict everyday life with a focus on psychological conflict and social realism.
- 🚀 Avant-garde theater in the 18th century protested realism, emphasizing artistic freedom and experimentation with new materials and forms.
Q & A
What is the origin of the term 'theater'?
-'Theater' comes from the Greek word 'theatron,' which originally referred to a place or building where performances are held.
How is theater defined in a broader sense?
-In a broad sense, theater refers to any type of performance presented to an audience, not limited to plays but encompassing other forms of artistic expression.
What is the main difference between theater and drama?
-Theater is a broader term for performances, while drama specifically refers to works that involve conflict based on human actions and emotions. The word 'drama' comes from the Greek 'dran,' meaning 'to act' or 'to do.'
What are some characteristics of ancient Greek theater?
-Ancient Greek theater typically took place in amphitheaters, used masks, and involved only male actors. The performances often focused on myths, tragedies, and legends.
How did Roman theater differ from Greek theater?
-Roman theater adopted many aspects of Greek theater, including amphitheater design, but added elements such as acrobatic acts and more violent performances, sometimes involving death on stage.
What role did religion play in medieval theater?
-During the medieval period, theater was revived in the form of religious dramas performed in Latin, often with the goal of teaching moral lessons to those who couldn't read.
What were some key characteristics of Elizabethan theater?
-Elizabethan theater, popular during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, often involved public performances in wooden structures. Seating arrangements reflected social class, with wealthier patrons sitting while lower classes stood in front of the stage.
What is realism in theater, and how did it change theatrical performances?
-Realism emerged in the 16th century as a movement focused on portraying everyday life and society as it truly was, often depicting common people and realistic situations instead of idealized narratives.
What is the avant-garde theater, and what distinguishes it from other forms?
-Avant-garde theater, which emerged in the 18th century, is characterized by its opposition to conventional forms and norms. It often involved experimental performances that challenged traditional theatrical structures.
How did technology impact postmodern theater?
-In postmodern theater, starting around the 1970s, technological advancements like electric lighting and machinery allowed for more elaborate visual and audio effects, leading to more experimental and diverse performances.
Outlines
🎭 Introduction to Theatre and Drama
This paragraph introduces the topic of theatre, explaining that the term 'theatre' originates from the Greek word 'theatron,' meaning a place of performance. It discusses how theatre represents human life on stage through actions and dialogue, often supported by stage elements like lighting and music. The difference between theatre and drama is also outlined, with drama focusing on human conflict. The paragraph sets the stage for exploring the development of theatre in the world.
🏛️ The Classical Era of Theatre (1000 BCE - 6th Century CE)
This section covers the first phase of theatre development, starting with ancient Greek theatre around 1011 BCE. Greek amphitheaters were large, open-air venues built into hillsides, often hosting plays about myths, tragedies, and legends. Only men performed, often using masks. Later, the Romans adopted Greek theatre traditions, adding their twist with more elaborate buildings. Roman performances included acrobatics and even live executions. The phase concludes with medieval religious dramas, performed in churches to teach moral lessons in Latin.
🏰 Medieval Theatre and Symbolism (6th Century - 16th Century)
The second phase spans the medieval period, with theatre evolving into more symbolic forms. Dialogue was lyrical, and stages were simplified. Different types of theatre, such as Neoclassicism, arose, dividing plays into tragedy and comedy. The paragraph also mentions Restoration theatre, where actors became more specialized, and social status determined seating arrangements. This phase also introduced female actors, which was previously uncommon.
📜 Realism in Theatre (16th Century Onwards)
This section delves into the third phase, where realism began influencing theatre. The focus shifted to portraying everyday life and societal truths, even if uncomfortable for audiences. Realism sought to represent human existence accurately, both socially and psychologically. The paragraph explains the social and religious dimensions of this movement, emphasizing the symbolic portrayal of inner conflicts within characters.
🌟 The Rise of Avant-Garde Theatre (18th Century)
The fourth phase introduces avant-garde theatre, characterized by innovation and opposition to traditional norms. Avant-garde plays challenged societal norms and introduced diverse elements like poetry and music into performances. This new form of theatre was less popular, often seen as a minority movement due to its radical departure from realism, featuring spontaneous and artistic expressions.
🎬 Postmodern Theatre (From 1970 Onwards)
The fifth and final phase covers postmodern theatre, which gained popularity in the 19th century, especially in America. Theatre during this period began to incorporate new technology, such as electric lighting and sound machines. Productions became more experimental, featuring a wide variety of performances, from pantomime to opera. Postmodern theatre focuses on depoliticized art and embraces modern storytelling while still incorporating traditional themes like myths and legends.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Teater
💡Drama
💡Amphitheatre
💡Teater Yunani Kuno
💡Teater Romawi
💡Teater Realis
💡Teater Avangard
💡Teater Postmodern
💡Panggung
💡Dekorasi Panggung
Highlights
Introduction to the video, covering the topic of theater and its historical phases.
The origin of theater comes from the Greek word 'theatron,' which initially referred to a performance space.
Theater in its narrow definition refers to stories of human life performed on stage with movements, dialogue, and supported by various elements like lighting and music.
Broadly, theater refers to performances presented in front of an audience.
Drama is derived from the Greek word 'drama,' which means to act or perform, and its main source is human conflict.
The five phases of theater development worldwide, starting with the Primitive or Classical Era, from 1000 BCE to the 6th century.
Greek theater began around 1011 BCE, known for its amphitheaters and performances involving mythological stories, tragedies, and legends.
Roman theater, influenced by the Greeks, added gladiator-style events and more enclosed structures.
Medieval theater, reintroduced in the 9th century, focused on religious morality plays performed in Latin, aimed at educating those who couldn't read.
Renaissance and Neo-Classical Theater, from the 16th century, emphasized structure and separation of tragedy and comedy.
Elizabethan Theater (1558-1603) gained popularity with open public performances, often charging fees and categorizing audiences by social class.
Realism in theater began in the 16th century, reflecting everyday life and using ordinary people as main characters, dividing into social realism and psychological realism.
The Avant-Garde Theater, starting in the 18th century, challenged conventional theater with experimental, spontaneous, and sometimes controversial performances.
Postmodern Theater, from the 1970s onwards, incorporated modern technology and shifted toward more experimental and diverse forms, like pantomime and opera.
Postmodern theater blurred the lines between traditional structures, with actors being seen as symbols rather than typical performers.
Transcripts
[Musik]
Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh Selamat datang dan selamat
berjumpa di video pembelajaran seni
budaya kurikulum Merdeka kali ini akan
saya rangkum adalah seni teater Siapa
yang tidak mengenal teater Saya yakin
kalian semuanya mengklik video ini
karena ini mengetahui fase perkembangan
teater di dunia nah sebelumnya tau gak
sih kamu sejarah mengenai teater
teater berasal dari bahasa Yunani
theatron dan pengertian awalnya teater
adalah tempat atau gedung pertunjukkan
pengertian sempitnya teater merupakan
kisah hidup dan kehidupan manusia yang
diceritakan diatas pentas melalui gerak
laku dan percakapan berdasarkan naskah
tertulis dan diperkuat oleh Tata
panggung atau dekorasi dengan musik
pencahayaan dan unsur penunjang lainnya
sementara pengertian luas teater adalah
jenis pertunjukan yang disajikan di
hadapan penonton
lantas Apa perbedaannya dengan nah nah
kalau drama berasal dari bahasa Yunani
yaitu browney atau dram yang artinya
berbuat berlaku bertindak sumber utama
drama adalah konflik dari sifat sikap
dan tindakan manusia dengan dirinya
sedih dan dengan yang berada diluar
dirinya
Nah setelah kita mengetahui pengertian
dari teater dan juga drama Yuk kita ke
topik utama 5 fase perkembangan teater
di dunia
[Musik]
fase pertama Data primitif atau klasik
1000 sebelum masehi sampai abad ke-6
masehi
dilansir dari skolastik e.c. yukei
teater pertama kali Yaitu dimulai oleh
orang Yunani kuno pada 1011 masehi
teater Yunani kuno yang dibangun disebut
amphitheatre
[Musik]
biasanya amphitheatre sini berada di
sisi Bukit dengan tempat duduk
berjenjang mengelilingi panggung dalam
bentuk setengah lingkaran dan topeng dan
dimainkan hanya oleh pria ceritanya
diangkat dalam teater Yunani yaitu kisah
mitos tragedi dan legenda Biasanya pada
pertunjukan akan melibatkan kelompok
koor atau penyanyi atau disebut paduan
suara penari dan narator selanjutnya
pada 753 sebelum masehi orang Romawi
melanjutkan tradisi teater Yunani dan
bentuk teater orang Romawi ini
menyerupai amphiteater Yunani Tetapi
bangunannya lebih tertutup
lalu terdapat kalau zoom di Roma Italia
acara teater itu melibatkan akrobat
menarik Tarub atau seseorang atau hewan
dibunuh di atas panggung
Hai pada 900-1000 500 Masehi teater abad
pertengahan teater sempat mati lalu
diperkenalkan kembali berupa drama
religi cerita yang dibuat biasanya
bermain dengan moral yang dilakukan di
gereja
pertunjukkannya dilakukan menggunakan
bahasa Latin dan drama dirancang
bertujuan untuk mengajarkan cerita dan
pesan agama untuk orang yang tidak bisa
membaca
Hai
[Musik]
fase kedua teater abad pertengahan abad
keenam sampai abad 16 dekornya lebih
sederhana dan simbolis lirik dialog
berdialek dan di abad ini ada beberapa
macam teater
Ada teater NY sense dimana drama ini
dilangsungkan dengan mengikuti struktur
yang ada teater neoklasik hanya ada dua
bentuk drama tragedi dan komedi keduanya
tak boleh dicampur teater restorasi
penonton tidak lagi semua lapisan
masyarakat tetapi hanya kaum menengah
Dancow atasan Tokoh wanita dimainkan
oleh wanita
namun pada 1558 sampai 1603 masehi masa
pemerintahan Elizabeth satu terdapat
teater dengan nama teater elizabethan
teater ini cukup populer teater
elizabethan biasanya menggunakan rumah
kayu Selain itu teater ini dimainkan di
depan umum dan memungut bayaran dan
empat perbedaan kasta dan penonton untuk
menonton yang lebih kaya akan
mendapatkan tempat duduk sedangkan
penonton kelas menengah kebawah akan
berdiri di sebuah lubang di depan
panggung
Hai teater realis mulai abad 16 realisme
muncul sebagai sebuah gerakan dalam
penciptaan karya seni modern untuk
menggambarkan masyarakat apa adanya
meskipun yang digambarkan ini adalah
masyarakat dekaden dan menyinggung
perasaan penonton gerakan ini muncul
sebagai bagian dari keinginan para
seniman realis untuk menyuguhkan
kebenaran-kebenaran tentang manusia dan
keberadaan keberadaannya secara
realistik logis apa adanya sehingga
pengembangan pemahaman atau pengetahuan
tentang manusia dan keberadaannya
benar-benar mempunyai dasar-dasar yang
kuat jadi pada zaman ini lakon tentang
kehidupan sehari-hari kemudian aspek
pendukung dan visualnya disesuaikan
dengan keadaan sehari-hari bahkan
pemeran utamanya biasanya rakyat jelata
dan terbagi menjadi dua aliran realisme
sosial dan religius psikologis
suasananya pun ditampilkan secara
simbolis untuk mendukung aspek
psikologis tokoh lebih mementingkan
pembinaan konflik kejiwaan tokoh
Hai fase keempat teater baru avangard
mulai abad 18 ciri-ciri awan God adalah
pertentangan konflik pembaharuan oposisi
dan ciri-ciri ini merupakan protes
realisme protes terhadap simple Jihan
kesewenang-wenangan dan bertentangan
dengan kenyataan teater avangard atau
teater baru merupakan teater yang hadir
berkat penemuan-penemuan baru
kesulitan-kesulitan serta kepatuhan pada
kuasa Oleh sebab itu teater baru disebut
juga teater minoritas dan cenderung
tidak populer pengarang brute terbaru
ini memiliki gagasan membuat pertunjukan
teater yang berbeda karena
pertunjukannya sudah mulai menggunakan
berbagai macam variasi materi dari mulai
datari puisi musik dan lain-lain dan
karyanya yang merdeka karena lahir dari
karakter penciptanya
kreasi artistik bersifat spontan dan
agresif
teater baru ini cenderung berbenturan
dengan selera masyarakat tidak slime
karena menyimpang dari bentuk alamiah
terakhir fase kelima teater postmodern
mulai tahun
1970 pada akhir abad ke-19 Theater mulai
populer di Amerika pertunjukan teater
kala itu biasanya menampilkan tarian
musik komedi nyanyian sulap akrobat atau
aksi berbagai hewan Selain itu harga
teater tidak begitu mahal adanya
perkembangan teknologi industri sangat
berdampak pada pertunjukan teater
pertunjukan teater berubah menggunakan
penerangan listrik dan penggunaan mesin
untuk menampilkan visual dan audio
pertunjukan teater juga semakin
berkembang penuh dengan eksperimen gaya
dan terdapat pantomim sampai Opera yang
sangat populer di kala itu banyaknya
berbagai pertunjukan teater yang telah
dilakukan pada masa lalu sangat
berdampak sampai saat ini materi
menitikberatkan pada aktivitas teori dan
bentuk panggung teater juga lebih modern
dan menggunakan teknologi yang lebih
canggih properti panggungnya pun juga
bahkan muda diubah bentuknya saat ini
pertunjukan teater menggunakan anggaran
produksi yang cukup mahal namun dari
segi cerita tidak jauh berbeda yaitu
mengenai legenda mitos dongeng atau
drama musikal hanya saja pembawaannya
lebih modern dan disesuaikan dengan
perkembangan zaman dan teater postmodern
ini bersifat depolitisasi seni tidak
dapat dijelaskan dengan struktur yang
jelas pemain dianggap bukan aktor tetapi
penanda
wheelbase itulah 5 fase perkembangan
teater di dunia Semoga dengan video ini
kita lebih memahami Bagaimana
perkembangan teater di dunia Terima
kasih sampai jumpa di lain materi
wassalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh
[Musik]
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