Indonesia Explained!

Summary

L'Indonésie, quatrième pays le plus peuplé au monde avec 276 millions d'habitants, est souvent méconnue malgré sa taille énorme et sa diversité culturelle. Elle est le plus grand archipel au monde avec plus de 17 500 îles et possède une biodiversité exceptionnelle. Située entre l'océan Pacifique et l'océan Indien, elle est également transcontinentale, s'étendant sur l'Asie et l'Océanie. La population est principalement musulmane, et l'histoire complexe de ce pays est marquée par la colonisation, la lutte pour l'indépendance et la diversité ethnique et linguistique.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Indonésie est le quatrième pays le plus peuplé au monde avec 276 millions d'habitants.
• 🏝️ Le pays est constitué de plus de 17 500 îles, ce qui en fait le plus grand archipel au monde.
• 🗺️ Indonésie s'étend sur environ 1,9 million de kilomètres carrés, le plaçant au 14e rang mondial en termes de superficie.
• 🌋 Le pays est situé sur le « Ring of Fire », avec 76 volcans actifs sur 147, ce qui en fait une région géologiquement instable.
• 🏙️ L'île de Java, bien que ne représentant qu'une petite partie de la superficie totale du pays, abrite 56% de la population indonésienne.
• 🌱 Les éruptions de volcans apportent des minéraux qui rendent les terres de Java extrêmement fertiles, favorisant l'agriculture et la population dense.
• 🏢 La ville de Jakarta, la capitale, est la ville la plus peuplée d'Indonésie avec plus de 10 millions d'habitants.
• 🌊 Indonésie possède la troisième plus longue côte en monde, en raison de son archipel dispersé.
• 🐉 L'Indonésie est le pays le plus diversifié en termes de biodiversité, avec plus de 515 espèces de mammifères.
• 🏞️ Bali, une île tropicale indonésienne, est l'une des destinations touristiques les plus célèbres au monde.

Q & A

Quel est le rang de l'Indonésie en termes de population mondiale?

L'Indonésie est classée quatrième sur la liste des pays les plus peuplés au monde.

Combien d'îles possède l'Indonésie, le plus grand archipel du monde?

L'Indonésie possède plus de 17 500 îles.

Quelle est la taille totale de l'Indonésie en termes de superficie?

L'Indonésie a une superficie d'environ 1,9 million de kilomètres carrés, la plaçant 14ème au monde.

Pourquoi l'Indonésie est-elle considérée comme un pays transcontinental?

L'Indonésie s'étend sur les deux continents d'Asie et d'Océanie, avec sa moitié ouest située sur la deuxième plus grande île du monde, la Nouvelle-Guinée.

Quelle est la densité de population de l'île de Java?

L'île de Java a une densité de population de 1171 habitants par kilomètre carré.

Quel est le nom du nouveau capital que l'Indonésie est en train de construire?

Le nouveau capital est appelé 'Nusantara' et sera située sur la rive orientale de Bornéo.

Quelle est la longueur de la côte de l'Indonésie?

L'Indonésie a la troisième plus longue côte au monde, bien que cela dépende de la méthode de mesure.

Quels sont les deux principaux groupes ethniques en Indonésie?

Le groupe ethnique le plus nombreux est le javanais, représentant 42% de la population, suivi par le sumatrais avec 15%.

Quel est le nombre de langues parlées en Indonésie?

Il y a plus de 700 langues parlées en Indonésie.

Quels sont les deux saisons en Indonésie?

Il y a deux saisons en Indonésie : la saison sèche d'avril à octobre et la saison des pluies de novembre à mars.

Quel est le plus haut sommet de l'Indonésie et où se trouve-t-il?

Le plus haut sommet de l'Indonésie est le Puncak Jaya, situé sur l'île de la Nouvelle-Guinée, et il atteint 4 884 mètres de hauteur.

Outlines

00:00

🗺️ Géographie et démographie d'Indonésie

Le premier paragraphe aborde l'ampleur et la complexité de l'Indonésie, un pays souvent méconnu malgré sa position au quatrième rang mondial en termes de population, avec 276 millions d'habitants. L'Indonésie est la plus grande nation d'archipel, comptant plus de 17 500 îles. Elle est située entre l'océan Pacifique et l'océan Indien, et bien que sa taille soit considérable, elle n'est pas toujours pleinement appréciée en raison de sa dispersion. On mentionne également la capitale Jakarta, qui abrite plus de 10 millions d'habitants, et l'idée que l'Indonésie est en train de construire une nouvelle capitale, appelée Nusantara, sur la côte est de Bornéo.

05:01

🌋 Volcans, séismes et biodiversité

Le deuxième paragraphe traite de la vulnérabilité de l'Indonésie aux catastrophes naturelles en raison de sa situation géologique, avec 75% des volcans actifs de la planète et un nombre important de séismes. On évoque également la beauté naturelle du pays, ses plages, ses récifs coralliens et sa biodiversité élevée, avec plus de 515 espèces de mammifères. Bali, une île tropicale célèbre, est mentionnée en tant que lieu de villégiature populaire. L'équateur passe par plusieurs îles indonésiennes, ce qui donne à l'Indonésie un climat relativement stable avec deux saisons distinctes : la saison sèche et la saison des pluies.

10:03

🏛️ Histoire et culture d'Indonésie

Le troisième paragraphe retrace l'histoire d'Indonésie, depuis les premiers habitants austronesiens jusqu'à la colonisation européenne, en passant par l'arrivée de l'islam et la période de l'indépendance. On mentionne les conflits et les massacres de la période de la guerre froide, ainsi que la prise de pouvoir par le général Suharto et son régime dit 'Nouvel Ordre'. On évoque également la diversité ethnique et linguistique du pays, avec plus de 1300 groupes ethniques et plus de 700 langues, soulignant le motto 'unité dans la diversité' de l'Indonésie.

Keywords

💡archipelago

Un archipel est un groupe d'îles. Dans le script, l'Indonésie est décrite comme étant le plus grand archipel du monde avec plus de 17 500 îles. Cela illustre l'ampleur et la complexité géographique du pays, soulignant comment l'Indonésie est souvent sous-estimée en termes de taille et d'importance.

💡volcan

Un volcan est une montagne formée par des éruptions de lave, de cendres et de gaz. L'Indonésie a une relation compliquée avec les volcans, avec 147 volcans, dont 76 sont actifs. Ces éruptions apportent des minéraux qui rendent les terres fertiles, en particulier à Java, ce qui soutient une grande population.

💡population

La population d'un pays est le nombre total de personnes qui y vivent. L'Indonésie est classée quatrième mondialement en termes de population, avec 276 millions d'habitants. Cela montre l'ampleur de la nation et son importance démographique.

💡transcontinental

Un pays transcontinental s'étend sur plusieurs continents. L'Indonésie s'étend sur l'Asie et l'Océanie, ce qui contribue à sa diversité culturelle et géographique. Cela met en évidence la position unique d'Indonésie dans le monde.

💡biodiversité

La biodiversité fait référence à la variété de formes de vie dans un certain environnement. L'Indonésie a l'un des niveaux de biodiversité les plus élevés au monde, avec plus de 515 espèces de mammifères. Cela souligne la richesse naturelle du pays et son importance pour la conservation.

💡capitale

La capitale d'un pays est sa ville principale où se trouvent le gouvernement et les institutions. Le script mentionne que l'Indonésie construit une nouvelle capitale, 'Nusantara', ce qui illustre les ambitions de développement et les défis géographiques du pays.

💡tectonique des plaques

La tectonique des plaques est le mouvement des plaques de roches qui forment la croûte terrestre. L'Indonésie se trouve au croisement de plusieurs plaques tectoniques, ce qui explique son nombre élevé de séismes et de volcans. Cela met en lumière les défis naturels auxquels le pays est confronté.

💡Bali

Bali est une île tropicale célèbre dans l'Indonésie, connue pour ses plages et son climat agréable. Elle est mentionnée comme l'un des principaux destinations touristiques, ce qui montre l'importance du secteur touristique pour l'économie de l'Indonésie.

💡pygmé tarsier

Le pygmée tarsier est une espèce de mammifère endémique à l'Indonésie, connue pour son apparence inhabituelle. Son inclusion dans le script illustre la richesse biologique unique de l'Indonésie et attire l'attention sur la conservation de la biodiversité.

💡histoire

L'histoire d'un pays est l'enchaînement des événements qui ont eu lieu au cours de son existence. Le script couvre l'histoire complexe de l'Indonésie, des premiers habitants aux périodes coloniales et à l'indépendance, mettant en évidence comment le passé a façonné le pays d'aujourd'hui.

Highlights

Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world.

It has over 700 languages, the most diverse linguistically.

Indonesia is the 14th largest country by land area, with approximately 1.9 million square kilometers.

It is the largest archipelago nation, consisting of over 17,500 islands.

Indonesia is transcontinental, spanning both Asia and Oceania.

Java, one of its islands, is home to 56% of Indonesia's population.

The island of Java has a population density of 1171 people per square kilometer.

Jakarta, the capital, has a population of over 10 million people.

Indonesia is building a new capital, costing at least 32 billion US Dollars.

It has the third largest coastline in the world.

Indonesia is part of the Ring of Fire, with 75% of the world's active volcanoes.

Bali is one of the world's most famous resort spots.

Indonesia has the highest level of biodiversity, with 515 species of mammals.

Punak Jaya is the highest peak of any island in the world.

Indonesia has a complex history with influences from various cultures and religions.

The country has a motto 'unity in diversity' reflecting its ethnic and linguistic variety.

Indonesia's population is predominantly Muslim, with nearly 87% following Islam.

The country is known for its natural disasters, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Indonesia is working to improve its global standing, becoming a member of the G20.

Transcripts

while not overlooking the love-hate

relationship with numerous volcanoes and

having over 700 languages the most

mind-betting fact about Indonesia is

just how much it is unknown and

overlooked as this country located in

Asia is to be found near the top of

volta's size and the population shards

globally I mean it's ranked fourth on

the most populous countries list behind

the United States and head of Pakistan

with its 276 million people yet we

challenge the non-indonesians watching

this to name three famous people from

the Asian country feel free to write

them in the comments but don't you dare

Google it first and imma be honest here

before researching this country and not

counting their Infamous former

presidents I also couldn't name that

many except for one in India and more on

that later on

[Music]

however I did know it was a big country

and Indonesia is a massive land in fact

it's placed 14th in the world with just

about 1.9 million square kilometers just

behind Mexico and head of Sudan and if

you think I know enough about Indonesia

but you still haven't caught on to the

fact that you've been staring at the map

that had several of the major islands

removed well you're in for a treat to be

frank I actually think you can be

forgiven for not knowing there were some

islands missing as Indonesia is the

largest archipelago nation in the world

and has over 17 500 Islands the country

is located between the Pacific and the

Indian Ocean but due to its clusterness

Indonesia's size isn't appreciated

enough and I think this is one of the

reasons most people wouldn't name

Indonesia when asked about a massive

country but if we take this nation and

put it over the United States of America

you see it stretches out past its coasts

and if we do the same thing over Europe

it will set out from the Western edges

of Ireland and spill over to the deserts

of Turkmenistan again it's a massive

country Indonesia is also one of the

countries considered transcontinental

spanning over both Asia and Oceania with

their Western half of the second largest

island in the world New Guinea Indonesia

also shares the third largest island in

the world which is Borneo while it is

the sole Sovereign of three other

islands in the top 15 being Sumatra

sulavesi and Java the last of which is

particularly mind-blowing as it is the

home to 56 percent of the Indonesian

population yeah that means that this

small strip of land holds more people

than Japan or even Russia and that's

with the fact that this area is just

about 124 000 square kilometers which

isn't even one percent of the total

landmass of Russia you see the

population of this island is so big that

if it was a sovereign country the island

of java would have some of the highest

population density in the world with

1171 people per square kilometers

ranking in behind the city states like

Monaco and Macau and all of that even

though seemingly other larger Indonesian

Islands seem like the better fit for a

massive population due to larger planes

and having far fewer volcanoes and here

is where the love-hate relationship with

volcanoes we mentioned comes into play

as the eruptions true Ash bring with

them minerals that make the lands on

Java extremely fertile that in turn

provides the abundance of rice fields

required to sustain a large population

like the one in the capital city of

Jakarta which is home to over 10 million

people now that's more than the entire

population of Sweden on top of this five

other cities from the top 15 most

populous in Indonesia which have more

than a million people all are adjacent

to Jakarta so it makes more sense to

look at the metropolitan area as a whole

which has around 34 million people no

wonder the traffic congestions isn't

famous but even causing the city itself

to sink Yes you heard that right it is

physically sinking which kind of makes

the next crazy sentence a bit more

understandable Indonesia is building a

new capital from scratch you see this is

a project that will cost at least 32

billion US Dollars and in the end give

birth to new santara or the archipelago

in English on the eastern shore of

Borneo and if you want us to explore a

more Sinister take on why some countries

change their capitals perhaps including

Indonesia let us know in the comments

and we might do just that despite being

an island nation Indonesia does have

quite a bit of land borders about 3.1

000 kilometers of them are on the island

called Borneo as there's a line of just

about 2 000 kilometers with their main

Rivals Malaysia on the island New Guinea

there is a divide of 820 kilometers with

Papua New Guinea the only country that

has them beat on polyglotism which if

you don't want to Google the word means

the use of many languages

while on teamer Island Indonesia borders

and splits East Timor or timor-lest for

a total of 268 kilometers

Indonesia also has the third largest

Coastline in the world although that

depends on who and how it's being

measured as the country is divided by

the many bodies of salty water like the

Java sea Banda sea molukasi and quite a

few others a lot of Transit is done by

fairies going from the East and most

town in Indonesia jayapura to the near

westernmost Banda aje you would have to

travel 234 hours and change 5 ferries

but if you're taking on this journey

just watch out so you don't get stranded

on some of the 6 000 uninhabited islands

while the Topography of Indonesia is

stunningly beautiful with Lush

rainforest overlooked by steep volcanic

mountains it entails A Dark Truth

underneath as this is one of the most

volatile regions in the world most of

the country is part of the famed Ring of

Fire where 90 of all earthquakes happen

and also holds about 75 percent of all

active volcanoes on the planet these

massive movements of the Earth are

caused by tectonic plates and Indonesia

in particular finds itself on the cross

section of several of them between the

two continental plates the Australian

and the Eurasian but also between the

two oceanic plates the Pacific and the

Philippine Sea plate the subduction of

the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian is

what made the volcanic Arc stretching

across Sumatra Java Bali and the smaller

Islands to the east as since the year

2000 this area has suffered 18

earthquakes of strengths 7.5 or higher

on the Richer magnitude scale which is

the same power as the massive event that

hit turkey in 2023. in 2004 The Joint

second strongest earthquake ever

recorded happened off the coast of

Sumatra causing a massive tsunami that

caused tremendous destruction in its

path and naturally since the location of

the Quake Indonesia was hit hard and the

damages caused massive problems and with

147 volcanoes 76 of which are active

Indonesia pays a heavy price for its

Heavenly luxuries like the shallow seas

and coral reefs and speaking of

beautiful places one of the world's most

famous resort spots is Bali an

Indonesian tropical island with amazing

weather like most of the country you see

the equator cuts to several of the

Indonesian Islands resulting in a

climate that stays rather consistent to

throughout the year with only two

seasons the dry one from April to

October and the rainy season from

November to March although the humidity

is quite high as it sits between 70 to

90 percent so naturally tourists flock

to Indonesia and the country had over 16

million international arrivals in 2019.

most of them coming from Malaysia China

Singapore and Australia Indonesia also

holds the highest peak of any island in

the world punsak Jaya which also is the

highest peak of the country and is

located in the Far East on the island of

New Guinea and stands at

4884 meters due to Indonesia's size and

fertile climate this country has one of

the highest levels of biodiversity

resembling Australia in that Spectrum

you see Indonesia has more species of

mammals than any other country in the

world 515 of them to put a number on it

but none of them are more alien-like

than the pygmy tarsier and when I think

about it it's looking very much like a

Furby as well but two other animals

endemic to the area are more famous than

most of the celebrities from the country

and also are the orangutan and the

Komodo dragon the latter one being the

official national animal of the Republic

and let's be frank here this must be

some kind of dinosaur while the fauna

doesn't fall behind in terms of variants

as the giant Padma most beautifully

illustrates how come we all know so much

about orangutans and the Komodo dragons

but so little about the people that they

might or may not eat to fix that we must

delve into history which is as complex

as its geography the established story

states that 4 000 years ago the

austronesians descended from Taiwan

across the sea first settle on the

island of sulavesi in the 7th Century

A.D the sriviera naval Kingdom

flourished controlling the passages

between China and India based from

Sumatra and this was an important point

for the expansion of Buddhism until the

12th century although Hinduism coexisted

in the region on Java the Buddhist

Highlander Dynasty Left Behind the

religion's largest temple bura budur and

not far from it around 35 kilometers the

Hindu mataram Dynasty bestowed upon the

world its Temple prambanan both were

built in the same Century yet today not

even three percent of Indonesia's

population is Buddhist or Hindu combined

Javanese Kingdom my Japan was the last

great pre-islamic power controlling much

of today's Indonesia but also parts of

Mainland Malaysia before coming undone

in the early 16th century but long

before its demise in the 13th century or

even the 9th century depending on the

sources Islam started spreading

throughout the region and it spread not

by conkers but by Traders and religious

figures following them resulting in

Indonesia today being the most populous

Muslim majority state with nearly 87

percent of the population following its

teachings alongside Islam about 10

percent is Christians Catholics and

Protestants combined in the 16th century

the natural richness of the area Drew in

the European colonizers with the

Portuguese arriving first yet

reinfluence was overshadowed by the

Dutch hence the ratio of Catholics and

Protestants interestingly the Dutch

didn't manage to make the language stick

as other colonizers did which might be

one of the reasons why Indonesia isn't

so prominent in the global culture but

it is in colonism that Indonesia draws

its name from though as it was coined by

English ethnologist named George winter

Earl who coined the term Indonesian the

Europeans named the region the East

Indies due to its position aligned to

India while the locals most commonly

used the term you now might be familiar

with nusan Tara through its Infamous

Dutch East India Company the Dutch rule

over the archipelago despite many

rebellions all until World War II when

the Japanese Empire conquered entire

southeast Asia except Thailand which we

talk about here but including Indonesia

with supports from some of the local

nationalists the Japanese were another

Menace for the locals who drained the

land and the people of the resources

luckily that didn't last long as in 1945

after Japan's capitalism the leader of

the nationalists sukarno became the

first President of Indonesia and served

until 1967. the country's sovereignty

was recognized only in 1949 after

conflict with the Dutch held by the

Brits which caused the Europeans around

6 000 lives and the locals somewhere

between 25 000 to 100 000 so Cardinal

now had a massive diverse country to run

all while he was leaning towards

socialism in a deeply religious country

and in an event that to this day is

shrouded with mystery and theories in

1965 the Army reacted to a coupe attempt

blamed the Communist for it and then in

merciless purchase killed up to a

million of them this happened around the

same time as the peak of the Cold War

and it's not surprising that many

sources claimed that the shift was

orchestrated by the intelligence

agencies of the United States and UK

Major General suharta took power in 1967

with his ruling party the New Order in

1975 after Portugal renounced its claim

on East Timor Indonesia invaded a small

country with no complaints from the

largest Powers until the 1991 Santa Cruz

Massacre when 250 timuri's protesters

were killed which turned the narrative

or started it suharta was finished by

the economic crisis and in 1998 after

massive riots his rule ended his team

were regained its independence in 2002

and since then Indonesia has improved

its sense in the global Society becoming

a member of the 20. yet as we stated the

country is a micro Universe of its own

and not many people from Indonesia are

known globally I teach you how to start

with an India I knew of the person I was

thinking of is Raja Nina nainggolan who

earned his nickname after the

determination to fight after every loose

ball the footballer represented Belgium

but is Indonesian of batak background

from his father's side buttocks are one

of the 1 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia

the most numerous being the Javanese at

42 percent and soon Denise at 15

followed by a huge drop-off and a whole

map of Indonesia's ethnic groups could

give an anxiety attack even to Europa

universalis players but at least now the

number of 700 languages isn't that

surprising right although it had to be

formed through a Common Language the

Indonesian one neither surprising now is

the country's motto unity in diversity

obviously we only scratched the surface

of this colossal country and if this

video gets the crowd of a typical

Jakarta traffic Rush we'll surely take a

deeper dive into Indonesia

thank you