Eureka! 20: Measuring Temperature
Summary
TLDRThe video script explores the concept of temperature and its measurement. It explains how matter expands when heated and contracts when cooled, affecting our perception of hotness or coldness. The script introduces Anders Celsius, who in 1742, invented the thermometer using mercury's expansion to measure temperature. He set the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point at 100°C, creating a scale to measure the relative speed of molecules, or temperature. The video humorously suggests that the ideal bathwater temperature is 37°C, matching the human body temperature.
Takeaways
- 🌡️ Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is.
- 🔥 When matter heats up, its molecules move faster and take up more space, causing expansion.
- ❄️ When matter cools down, its molecules move slower and take up less space, causing contraction.
- 🛀 The human body can't directly measure temperature but can sense differences in hotness or coldness relative to something else.
- 🌡️ Anders Celsius invented a thermometer in 1742 to measure temperature by observing the expansion of mercury in a tube.
- ⚖️ Celsius labeled the freezing point of water as 0°C and the boiling point as 100°C, creating a scale for temperature measurement.
- 🌡️ The thermometer measures the speed of molecules indirectly by measuring the expansion of a liquid like mercury.
- 🏠 A comfortable room temperature is around 20°C, while 30°C is considered too hot and -20°C is too cold.
- 🌡️ The ideal temperature for bath water is about 37°C, which is also the normal body temperature.
- 🚿 The script humorously suggests taking a shower instead of a bath, implying that adjusting the water temperature might be unnecessary in that case.
Q & A
What happens to matter when it gets hot?
-When matter gets hot, its molecules move faster and take up more space, causing the solid, liquid, or gas to expand.
What occurs when matter cools down?
-When matter gets cold, its molecules move slower and take up less space, leading to the contraction of the solid, liquid, or gas.
How does the human body perceive differences in temperature?
-The human body perceives differences in temperature by comparing how hot or cold something is relative to something else, but it may not always agree on the exact degree of hotness or coldness.
What is the significance of Anders Celsius's thermometer?
-Anders Celsius's thermometer provided a standardized way to measure temperature by using the expansion of mercury to indicate degrees of hotness or coldness.
What substance did Anders Celsius use in his thermometer?
-Anders Celsius used mercury in his thermometer because it expands quite a bit when it gets hot.
What did Anders Celsius label as 0° C on his thermometer?
-Anders Celsius labeled the freezing point of water as 0° C on his thermometer.
What point did Celsius mark as 100° C on his thermometer?
-Celsius marked the boiling point of water as 100° C on his thermometer.
What is the ideal temperature for human body according to the script?
-The ideal temperature for the human body, as per the script, is around 37° C, which is also the normal body temperature.
How can one ensure the bath water is at the right temperature according to the script?
-One can ensure the bath water is at the right temperature by adjusting it to 37° C, which is the ideal temperature for human comfort.
What is the term for the device that measures temperature?
-The term for the device that measures temperature is a thermometer.
Why might taking a shower be a better option than a bath in the context of the script?
-Taking a shower might be a better option because it allows for easier and more immediate adjustment of water temperature to the body's comfort level.
Outlines
🌡️ Understanding Temperature
The script discusses the concept of temperature and how it relates to the speed of molecules. When matter heats up, its molecules move faster and occupy more space, causing expansion. Conversely, when matter cools, molecules slow down and contract. The script uses the analogy of choosing a bathtub with the ideal temperature to illustrate the difficulty in judging hotness or coldness without a standard reference. It introduces Anders Celsius and his method of measuring temperature using mercury's expansion in a tube, which he calibrated against the freezing and boiling points of water, creating the Celsius temperature scale. The script concludes with the idea that adjusting bath water to 37°C would provide the perfect temperature for a bath, based on the normal human body temperature.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Matter
💡Molecules
💡Temperature
💡Expansion
💡Contraction
💡Thermometer
💡Anders Celsius
💡Celsius Scale
💡Freezing Point
💡Boiling Point
💡Body Temperature
Highlights
Matter expands when heated and contracts when cooled due to changes in molecular motion.
Temperature measurement helps determine whether something is hot or cold.
The human body perceives temperature differences relative to other objects.
Anders Celsius developed a thermometer to measure temperature in 1742.
Celsius used mercury's expansion to measure temperature indirectly.
He set the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point at 100°C.
The Celsius scale was created to measure the relative speeds of molecules.
Comfortable room temperature is around 20°C.
Normal body temperature is approximately 37°C.
The thermometer allows for precise temperature measurement for comfort.
The term 'thermometer' comes from the Greek word for hotness, 'thermos'.
Adjusting bath water to 37°C provides an ideal temperature for bathing.
The narrative humorously suggests taking a shower instead of a bath at the end.
The importance of accurate temperature measurement for various applications is emphasized.
The historical context of temperature measurement is provided.
The relationship between molecular speed and temperature is explained.
The narrative uses a bathtub analogy to explain temperature perception.
The concept of relative temperature perception is introduced.
The narrative discusses the limitations of human perception in judging temperature.
Transcripts
Eureka The Story So Far when matter in
any of its three states gets hot its
molecules go faster and take up more
space and the solid liquid or gas
expands when matter gets cold its
molecules go slower and take up less
space and the solid liquid or gas
contracts and now measuring
temperature can you tell whether
something is hot or
cold in that case decide which of these
three bath tubs you'd like to step into
this
one which is freezing
cold or this
one which is boiling hot or this one
which is neither too hot nor too cold
it's an easy Choice isn't it well go on
step into the middle one feels just a
bit too hot doesn't it try the other
foot oh now it feels a bit too cold well
perhaps judging whether something is hot
or cold isn't so easy after
all this is because the human body can
only notice differences in hotness or
coldness how hot or cold something is in
comparison with something
else but even your own
can't agree about how hot or cold the
water in the middle bathtub
is there must be a better way to measure
degree of hotness or temperature as we
usually
say what do we know about
hotness well when the temperature of
something goes up its molecules go
faster the molecules in the boiling hot
bath water are going too fast for
comfort and the molecules in the
freezing cold bath water
are going too slowly for
Comfort if we could only make sure that
the molecules in the in between bath
water were going at just the right speed
for the human body you could take your
bath but how can we measure their speed
molecules are so tiny we can't even see
them let alone clock how fast they're
going wait a minute there's something
else we know about hotness it not only
causes a speed up of molecules but this
speed up causes matter to expand and so
we could measure molecule speed
indirectly by measuring the effect of
that speed the expansion
itself and that's exactly what a Swedish
scientist by the name of Anders Celsius
did in
1742 he took a liquid that expands quite
a bit when it gets hot Mercury and
poured it into a little tube he then put
the tube into some freezing cold water
and the Mercury contract Ed down to here
he decided to label this freezing point
of water
0°
C next he put the tube into some boiling
hot water and the Mercury expanded up to
here he marked this boiling point of
water 100°
C now we had a means of measuring the
relative speeds of molecules in other
words the relative temperature or degree
of hotness of things comfortable room
temperature is
20° but 30° is a bit too hot and - 20°
is much too cold Celsius could even take
his own
temperature and find it to be about
37° which naturally enough is the ideal
temperature for your bath water normal
body
temperature all you have to do is adjust
the water to
37° and you'll finally be able to take
your bath courtesy Anders Celsius and
his hotness meter or if you prefer the
Greek word for hotness which is thermos
as in Thermos bottle his thermos meter
or
thermometer is your bath water at the
right temperature now oh my
my you should have taken a shower
a
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)