Unsur-Unsur Cuaca dan Iklim (Suhu Udara/Temperatur)

Summary

The transcript discusses the concept of air temperature, explaining its vertical and horizontal distributions. It details how temperature decreases with altitude, providing formulas to calculate temperature at various elevations. Several examples illustrate these calculations, emphasizing how temperature varies with height. Additionally, the transcript highlights factors influencing surface temperature, such as radiation, land vs. sea effects, altitude, wind patterns, and latent heat. It concludes by introducing measurement tools, specifically thermometers, and the different temperature scales used globally.

Takeaways

• 🌡️ Air temperature is defined as the warmth or coolness of the air in a specific location and time.
• 📏 Temperature decreases with altitude; approximately 0.6 degrees Celsius for every 100 meters of elevation.
• 🔍 The vertical temperature distribution can be calculated using the formula: T = 26.3°C - (H/100) × 0.6°C.
• ❄️ At higher altitudes, such as 1400 mdpl, the temperature can be significantly lower, e.g., 17.9°C.
• 🌍 Horizontal temperature distribution shows that the warmest regions are near the equator, with temperatures decreasing towards the poles.
• 🌞 Factors affecting surface temperature include the amount of solar radiation received and geographical influences (land vs. sea).
• 🏔️ Altitude and wind patterns also play a significant role in temperature variations across different regions.
• 🌡️ Temperature is measured using thermometers, which can express values in Celsius, Fahrenheit, Reaumur, and Kelvin.
• 🔄 The concept of latent heat refers to heat stored in the atmosphere, which influences temperature.
• 📊 Understanding these temperature dynamics is crucial for studying climate patterns and weather forecasting.

Q & A

What is the general trend of air temperature with increasing altitude?

As altitude increases, air temperature generally decreases, with an average drop of about 0.6°C for every 100 meters.

What formula is used to calculate the temperature at a certain altitude?

The formula is T = 26.3°C - (H/100 * 0.6°C), where H is the altitude in meters.

How do you calculate the temperature at a higher elevation using T1 and T2?

Use the formula T2 = T1 - ((H2 - H1)/100 * 0.6°C), where H1 and H2 are the altitudes.

What is the temperature at an altitude of 1400 meters?

At 1400 meters, the temperature is calculated as 17.9°C.

What factors influence surface temperature on Earth?

Factors include the amount of solar radiation received, geographic features (land vs. sea), elevation, wind patterns, and latent heat.

What is the significance of horizontal temperature distribution?

Horizontal temperature distribution indicates that temperatures are typically higher near the equator and decrease toward the poles.

What instrument is used to measure air temperature?

A thermometer is used to measure air temperature.

What are the different scales for measuring temperature?

The different scales for measuring temperature include Celsius, Fahrenheit, Reaumur, and Kelvin.

How is temperature at a lower elevation calculated from a higher one?

The formula T1 = T2 + ((H2 - H1)/100 * 0.6°C) is used to calculate the temperature at a lower elevation.

What example illustrates the calculation of temperature at 2600 meters?

If the temperature at 400 meters is 24°C, the temperature at 2600 meters would be 9.6°C.