Struktur Atom (3) | Konfigurasi Elektron dalam Kulit Atom | Teori Atom Bohr | Elektron Valensi

Kimatika

1 Aug 202114:10

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script introduces the concept of electron configuration in atomic shells according to the Bohr model. It explains the distribution of electrons starting from the K shell, which is closest to the nucleus, and moving outwards to higher shells like L, M, and N. The script outlines the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold, calculated by the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell number. It also covers the rules for electron filling, emphasizing that electrons fill the lowest energy levels first and that subsequent shells can only fill once the previous ones are complete. The video provides examples to illustrate how to determine the electron configuration for elements with atomic numbers 11, 15, and 20, and how to identify valence electrons, which are crucial for understanding chemical bonding. The script concludes with a brief overview of determining valence electrons for elements with atomic numbers 19, 35, and 53, highlighting the importance of understanding electron configurations in chemistry.

Takeaways

🌐 The script is an educational video discussing electron configuration in atoms according to the Bohr model.
🔬 Electrons are distributed into shells (K, L, M, N, etc.) around the atomic nucleus, with each shell having a maximum capacity of electrons.
📚 The maximum number of electrons in a shell is calculated using the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell number.
📉 Electrons fill the innermost shells first (starting with the K shell) before moving to outer shells.
🚫 No shell can have more electrons than its maximum capacity, and if fewer are available, they fill up to what's present.
🔄 The filling of electrons in shells follows a specific order: K, L, M, N, etc., and each subsequent shell can only be filled once the previous one is full.
🧲 Electrons in the outermost shell, or valence electrons, determine chemical properties and are crucial for chemical bonding.
🔢 The script provides examples of how to calculate electron configurations for elements with atomic numbers 11 (Sodium), 15 (Phosphorus), and 20 (Calcium).
🔑 The concept of valence electrons is introduced, which are the electrons in the outermost shell影响化学反应.
📝 The video concludes with examples of determining valence electrons for elements with atomic numbers 19 (Potassium), 35 (Bromine), and 53 (Iodine).

Q & A

What is the configuration of electrons in an atom according to the Bohr model?
-The configuration of electrons in an atom according to the Bohr model is the distribution of electrons into various shells or energy levels around the nucleus. Electrons occupy these shells in a specific order, starting with the K shell closest to the nucleus and moving outwards to higher energy levels.
What are the different shells or energy levels in an atom?
-The different shells or energy levels in an atom are denoted as K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q. Each shell corresponds to a principal quantum number (n), with K being n=1, L being n=2, M being n=3, and so on.
How is the maximum number of electrons in each shell determined?
-The maximum number of electrons in each shell is determined by the formula 2n^2, where n is the principal quantum number of the shell.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the K shell?
-The maximum number of electrons that can be in the K shell (n=1) is 2, calculated as 2*1^2.
Can the L shell be filled before the K shell is completely full?
-No, the L shell can only be filled after the K shell is completely full. The order of filling must start with the shell closest to the nucleus and move outwards.
What is the rule for filling the M shell with electrons?
-The M shell can only be filled if the L shell is full. The M shell can hold a maximum of 18 electrons, but if there are fewer than 18 remaining electrons to be placed, it can be filled with 8 electrons if the total does not reach 18.
How many electrons can the N shell hold at most?
-The N shell can hold a maximum of 32 electrons, calculated by the formula 2n^2 with n=4.
What is the valence electron configuration for an element with atomic number 11?
-For an element with atomic number 11 (Sodium), the valence electron configuration is 2, 8, 1. This means there is one electron in the outermost shell, which is the third shell (M shell).
How do you determine the valence electrons of an element?
-The valence electrons of an element are the electrons in the outermost shell that is filled with electrons. They are the last electrons added to the atom's electron configuration.
What is the significance of valence electrons in chemistry?
-Valence electrons are significant in chemistry because they determine an element's chemical properties and its ability to form chemical bonds with other elements.
Can you provide an example of determining the electron configuration and valence electrons for an element with atomic number 20?
-For an element with atomic number 20 (Calcium), the electron configuration is 2, 8, 8, 2. The valence electrons are the two electrons in the outermost shell, which is the fourth shell (N shell).

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Electron Configuration in Atoms

This paragraph introduces the concept of electron configuration in atoms, specifically focusing on the distribution of electrons in atomic shells according to the Bohr atomic theory. It explains that atoms consist of protons with positive charge, neutrons with no charge, and electrons with negative charge. The atom's core, containing protons and neutrons, is surrounded by electrons in specific orbits or shells. The shells are denoted as K, L, M, N, etc., with each shell having a maximum number of electrons it can hold, calculated by the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell number. The paragraph also discusses the rules for electron distribution, starting with the innermost shell (K shell) and filling up to the outermost shell, with specific rules for the number of electrons each shell can hold.

05:01

🧠 Rules for Electron Distribution

This section delves deeper into the rules governing the distribution of electrons in atomic shells. It emphasizes that the distribution starts with the innermost shell (K shell) and proceeds outward. Each shell can hold a maximum number of electrons, which is calculated by the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell number. The paragraph provides examples to illustrate how electrons are distributed in shells K, L, and M. It explains that if the total number of electrons in an atom does not fill up to a certain shell, the distribution must follow specific rules, such as filling the K shell with up to two electrons, the L shell with up to eight, and the M shell with up to 18, or eight if less than 18 are available. The paragraph concludes with a transition to practical examples to demonstrate these rules.

10:03

🌐 Determining Valence Electrons

The final paragraph shifts the focus to determining valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. It provides a step-by-step guide on how to calculate the electron configuration for elements with atomic numbers 19, 35, and 53, and subsequently determine their valence electrons. The process involves filling the electron shells starting from the K shell and moving outward, adhering to the maximum capacity of each shell. The paragraph concludes with the electron configurations for these elements and their respective valence electrons, which are crucial for understanding chemical bonding and reactivity.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Electron Configuration

Electron configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in an atom's shells or energy levels. It is a fundamental concept in chemistry that helps to understand how atoms interact and bond with each other. In the video, electron configuration is used to explain how electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom, starting from the innermost shell (K shell) and moving outwards. The script mentions that the configuration follows specific rules, such as the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold.

💡Shells

Shells, also known as electron shells or energy levels, are the regions around an atom's nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found. The video script uses the term 'shells' to describe the layers in which electrons are arranged, with each shell being designated by a letter (K, L, M, N, etc.) and having a specific capacity for electrons. The shells are filled in a particular order, starting with the K shell closest to the nucleus and moving outwards.

💡Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which play a crucial role in chemical reactions and bonding. The video script explains how to determine the valence electrons by looking at the outermost shell that is occupied by electrons. These electrons are significant because they are the ones that participate in chemical reactions, and their number can determine an element's reactivity.

💡Bohr Model

The Bohr model is an atomic model that depicts the atom as consisting of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons that orbit in circular paths or shells. The video script refers to the Bohr model to explain the concept of electron shells and how electrons are distributed in these shells. This model helps in understanding the arrangement of electrons and their energy levels within an atom.

💡Electron Valency

Electron valency, often simply called valency, is a measure of an element's ability to combine with other elements, specifically the number of electrons an atom can lose, gain, or share when forming chemical bonds. The video script discusses how to calculate valency by looking at the number of valence electrons in an atom's electron configuration. This concept is essential for understanding how atoms bond to form molecules.

💡Protons

Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom and carry a positive electric charge. The video script mentions protons as part of the atom's structure, where they reside in the nucleus along with neutrons. The number of protons determines the element's identity and is used to calculate the total number of electrons in a neutral atom.

💡Neutrons

Neutrons are subatomic particles in an atom's nucleus that have no electric charge. The video script includes neutrons in the description of the atom's structure, noting that they are found in the nucleus alongside protons. Neutrons contribute to the mass of an atom but do not affect its chemical properties.

💡Energy Levels

Energy levels, synonymous with electron shells, refer to the different regions in an atom where electrons can exist at specific energy levels. The video script uses the term to describe the arrangement of electrons in an atom, with each level having a different energy and the ability to hold a certain number of electrons. Electrons fill these levels starting from the lowest energy level (closest to the nucleus) and moving to higher levels.

💡Quantum Numbers

Quantum numbers are numerical values that describe the state of an electron in an atom, including its energy, angular momentum, and spatial orientation. The video script does not explicitly mention quantum numbers but implies their existence through the discussion of electron shells and the arrangement of electrons within these shells. Quantum numbers are essential for understanding the electron configuration and the behavior of electrons in atoms.

💡Atomic Number

The atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom, which is unique to each element. The video script uses the atomic number to determine the total number of electrons in an atom, as the number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. This concept is crucial for calculating electron configurations and understanding the properties of elements.

💡Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. Although not explicitly mentioned in the script, the concept is related to the discussion of electron configurations and valence electrons, as it pertains to the energy levels at which electrons are held within an atom. The video's explanation of electron configurations indirectly touches on why certain electrons are easier to remove than others, which is a factor in ionization energy.

Highlights

Introduction to electron configuration in atomic shells according to the Bohr model.

Explanation of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Description of atomic structure including the atomic nucleus and electron shells.

Electron distribution starts with the shell closest to the nucleus, known as the K shell.

Each electron shell has a maximum number of electrons, calculated by the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell number.

The K shell, being the first shell, can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

The L shell is the second shell and can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.

The M shell is the third shell and can hold a maximum of 18 electrons.

Electrons are filled in shells starting from the K shell outward.

If an atom has only one electron, the K shell can be filled with one electron.

The L shell can be filled only after the K shell is full.

The M shell can be filled only after the L shell is full, and it can hold up to 18 electrons or 8 if less than 18 are available.

The N shell is the fourth shell and can hold a maximum of 32 electrons.

If the number of electrons is insufficient to fill the N shell completely, it can be filled with 8 electrons if less than 32 are available.

Example calculations for the electron configuration of elements with atomic numbers 11, 15, and 20.

Explanation of valence electrons as those in the outermost or last filled electron shell.

Demonstration of determining valence electrons for elements with atomic numbers 19, 35, and 53.

Final electron configurations for the elements Potassium (K), Bromine (Br), and Iodine (I) are provided.

The video concludes with a summary and a thank you note to the viewers.