Arkitekturang Filipino 1 & 2: Early Philippine Shelters and Islamic Architecture
Summary
TLDRThis video explores the rich history and evolution of Philippine architecture, tracing its origins from primitive cave dwellings to modern forms. It highlights the Austronesian influence on Filipino vernacular architecture, seen in structures like treehouses, stilted houses, and the iconic bahay kubo. The advent of Islam in the 14th century brought new architectural styles, notably the mosque, influencing southern regions like Mindanao. The video emphasizes how Filipino architecture is deeply connected to nature, culture, and the country's geographic diversity, reflecting a wide array of indigenous and colonial influences.
Takeaways
- 📖 The book written in 2008 traces the history of Philippine architecture from its origins to modern forms and inspired the 2016 film.
- 🏞️ Early Filipino architecture began as a response to nature, with cave dwellings and tree houses as prime examples.
- 🌏 Philippine vernacular architecture is rooted in a larger Austronesian tradition, reflecting a shared cultural heritage across Southeast Asia.
- 🕌 The arrival of Islam in the 14th century introduced a new architectural style, seen in the construction of mosques like the Masjid.
- 🏛️ Early Filipino structures evolved from caves to lean-tos and treehouses, reflecting their adaptation to environmental and social needs.
- 🏠 The typical vernacular house, such as the bahay kubo, is a raised wooden structure with a thatched roof, common across the Austronesian world.
- 🛕 Indigenous architectural designs, such as the Ifugao house and Bajau stilt houses, reflect adaptation to specific terrains and climates.
- 💨 In places like the Batanes, houses were built to withstand strong winds, storms, and earthquakes, showing advanced building techniques.
- ⚓ The Southern Philippines has distinct naval architecture and land-based stilted dwellings, showing the influence of Islam and maritime cultures.
- 🏡 Vernacular architecture remains a prominent building practice in the Philippines and is accessible to the majority of Filipinos.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the book mentioned in the transcript?
-The book traces the history of Philippine built forms from their primeval origins to contemporary styles, showcasing the evolution of Filipino architecture.
How did the film mentioned in the transcript come about?
-The film, produced in 2016 with the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, was inspired by the book on Filipino architecture written in 2008.
What is considered the first architectural form in the Philippines?
-The first architectural form was cave dwellings, which served as early shelters for the ancient Filipinos against natural elements like wind and rain.
How did Philippine architecture evolve from caves?
-After caves, early Filipinos developed shelters like lean-tos and treehouses, using stone tools to create temporary structures made from wood and natural materials.
What influence did Austronesian culture have on Philippine vernacular architecture?
-Philippine vernacular architecture shares common features with a larger Austronesian tradition, including raised wooden structures on posts, thatched roofs, and decorative gable finials.
What is the significance of the Ifugao house in Filipino architecture?
-The Ifugao house serves both as a granary and a home, distinct for its circular rat guards, and represents a unique form of elevated wooden architecture.
How did the introduction of Islam in the 14th century impact Filipino architecture?
-Islam introduced a new architectural style centered around mosques, like the Masjid, which became prominent religious structures in areas such as Sulu and Mindanao.
What architectural adaptations are seen in the Batanes Islands to cope with harsh environmental conditions?
-In the Batanes Islands, dwellings were built to withstand severe storms, sea sprays, and earthquakes, utilizing lime for building introduced by Spanish colonists in the 18th century.
How does the bahay kubo represent lowland vernacular architecture?
-The bahay kubo, built with bamboo and thatch, is an open structure designed for light and ventilation, embodying the typical architecture of the lowland regions.
What are the different categories of Muslim architecture in the southern Philippines?
-Muslim architecture in the southern Philippines includes land-based stilted dwellings, oceanic stilt dwellings built over the sea, and houseboats used as both homes and fishing vessels.
Outlines
🏛️ Origins of Philippine Architecture and Austronesian Influence
This paragraph discusses the origins of Philippine architecture, tracing its evolution from prehistoric times to contemporary forms. It highlights how early architecture was a response to nature, starting with cave dwellings and treehouses. It delves into how the Austronesian tradition influenced vernacular architecture, characterized by elevated wooden structures, thatched roofs, and gable finials. The introduction of Islam in the 14th century brought about new architectural expressions, including the construction of mosques, which represented a significant shift in the cultural and religious landscape.
🏠 Vernacular Architecture and Cultural Adaptations in the Philippines
This paragraph examines the diversity of Philippine architecture, emphasizing how the local environment and cultural context influenced design. Vernacular houses, such as the bahay Kubo, were made of bamboo and thatch, designed for light and ventilation. It also touches on the Spanish influence, particularly in Mindanao, where resistance to colonization was strengthened by Islamic faith and architecture. The evolution of the mosque in the Philippines is highlighted, from the prototype with multi-layered roofs to the Golden Mosque in Manila. The unique geography of Sulu and Mindanao fostered the development of naval and terrestrial architecture, reflecting the Austronesian lineage and regional adaptations.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Philippine Architecture
💡Vernacular Architecture
💡Austronesian Tradition
💡Bahay Kubo
💡Islamic Influence
💡Mosque
💡Treehouse
💡Ifugao House
💡Bajau Houses
💡Stone and Mortar Houses
Highlights
The book traces the history of Philippine built forms from its primeval origins to contemporary architecture.
The film was produced in 2016 with the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, inspired by the book.
Philippine architecture began as a response to nature, with early dwellings evolving from caves and treehouses.
The influence of the larger Austronesian tradition is evident in Philippine vernacular architecture, including houses built on stilts.
The advent of Islam in the 14th century introduced a new architecture of faith, with the mosque (Masjid) being a prominent feature.
Cave dwellings were among the earliest forms of Filipino shelters, providing refuge from the elements.
The petroglyphs in a rock shelter in Rizal show evidence of ancient Filipinos' efforts to embellish their dwellings.
The invention of stone tools marked the first architectural revolution, aiding the construction of lean-tos and treehouses.
Southeast Asian cultures share a common Austronesian heritage, reflected in their architecture, which includes raised wooden structures.
The traditional bahay kubo, an elevated wooden structure with a thatched roof, exemplifies Philippine vernacular architecture.
Islamic architecture in the Philippines includes the mosque design, influenced both by Southeast Asian and Middle Eastern styles.
The oldest standing mosque in the Philippines, in Simunul Island, demonstrates a unique pagoda-style roof.
The Spanish colonial period introduced lime building techniques, leading to structures like the Ivatan's stone and mortar houses.
The traditional houses of Ifugao and other highland regions were designed to withstand cold weather and rough terrain.
Vernacular architecture remains prevalent across the Philippines, reflecting the country's cultural and environmental diversity.
Transcripts
in 2008 I wrote a book architecture on
Filipino the book traces the history of
Philippine built forms from its primeval
origins to its contemporary forms this
book inspired the film you're about to
see which was produced in 2016 with the
National Commission for culture in the
arts architecture began as a response to
nature in this episode we will see the
early beginnings of Philippine
architecture from cave dwellings to tree
houses the Philippine vernacular
architecture which was influenced by a
larger Austronesian tradition we shall
also see the advent of Islam in the 14th
century as it gave rise to a new
architecture of faith the Masjid
[Music]
[Music]
you
philippine architecture covers a myriad
of expressions forms types styles and
periods its primeval expression recited
in nature for the early Filipinos who
were defenseless before the violence of
wind and rain the cave was a refuge a
place of dwelling the petroglyphs in a
rock shelter in an gonna resolve
provides evidence of the ancient
Filipinos effort to embellish his
habitation while the mountaintop
Citadel's of savvy Duke botanist there's
a testimony to sophisticated defensive
engineering of the early givataim
settlers emerging from the caves our
ancestors initiated the first
architectural revolution with the
invention of stone tools for cutting
fibrous materials from plants this
helped develop the lean-to a temporary
tent like shelter made of wooden
skeleton and vegetative or animal skin
the treehouse was another shelter
fashioned from nature constructed around
next to or among the trunk or branches
of one or more mature trees while
above-ground they're usually found in
areas for violent inter tribal conflict
an acht Oriole raid are frequent
the cultures of Southeast Asia have
descended from a common ancestry based
on affiliation with the Austronesian
family of languages its culture is
characterized by a waterborne lifestyle
vernacular architecture in the
Philippines professors are strong
allegiance to a greater Austronesian
building heritage for the archetypal
house consists of an architectural
system of erased wooden structure
elevated on posts with a thatched pitch
roof and decorative gable finials the
prototypical bahay Kubo is usually built
with wooden posts as its framework the
four posts of the Ifugao house which is
both granary and home is distinctive for
circular rat guards while the Moran out
organ stands on stout blog posts resting
or round stones houses built on the
seabed like the Bajau houses are raced
on slender posts or stilts cross cable
finials which hold the rafters together
at the ridge are an ever-present feature
of Southeast Asian roofs in the moon
soon beaten botanas islands the
dwellings are designed and built to
withstand the battering of the most
severe of storms sea sprays and
earthquakes with knowledge of processing
lime for building that was introduced in
the 18th century by Spanish colonists
the Vuitton's are able to construct
there's more familiar house made of
stone and mortar known as cal e condo in
the altitudes of the mountain province
the vernacular houses were designed
primarily to shield from the cold
weather and designed in relation to the
terrain of the mountains
while lowland vernacular dwellings were
open to light and ventilation a typology
best embodied by the bahay Kubo
depending on the ecology of the vicinity
the bahay Kubo may be constructed from
various kinds of botanic materials
primarily of bamboo and thatch the
Spanish empires attempts to bring
Mindanao under its Dominion were
continuously foiled by its people who
were consolidated by the religion and
political structure of Islam a religion
based on congregational worship which
requires a permanent and distinct
architecture called the mosque the
oldest standing mosque in the
Philippines found in two big ending on
si Moodle Islands Torito II is a
prototype of the multi-layered roof of
the pagoda style mosque later mosques
were rendered in a style approximating
Middle Eastern models the golden Mosque
in Quiapo Manila notable for its gilded
dome combines modern mosque design with
stylized and colorful marinelle aakhir
patterns the geographic features of Sulu
and Mindanao have encouraged both
terrestrial and naval architecture such
as the salmon the Tau souk
they akan and the Bajau descending from
the Austronesian lineage the houses in
different muslim societies in the
southern Philippines are categorized
into three land-based stilted dwellings
situated along the shoreline oceanic
still dwellings built completely over
the sea and entirely detached from the
shoreline and the houseboat which is
both home and fishing boat vernacular
architecture is a broad category
denoting indigenous folk tribal ethnic
or traditional architecture found among
the different ethno-linguistic societies
in the Philippines undeniably the
vernacular architectural tradition is an
omnipresent building practice in the
country and remains an accessible
architectural idiom to the majority of
Filipinos
you
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