Understanding Directional Control Valve Basics & Symbols | Introduction to FluidSIM | Tutorial 4

Summary

This video from the TGTA Fluid Sim series focuses on directional control valves, explaining their role in fluid power systems. It covers their functionality, including controlling the path of compressed air and acting as input, processing, or control elements in electro-pneumatic circuits. The video also discusses different actuation methods and valve configurations, culminating in a practical demonstration of a 5-way, 2-position directional control valve controlling a double-acting cylinder in a simulated circuit.

Takeaways

• 🔧 The main function of valves is to control the pressure or flow rate of pressure media.
• 📍 There are five main categories of valves: non-return, flow control, pressure control, directional control, and shutoff valves.
• 🛠 Directional control valves are crucial in fluid power systems for controlling the path of compressed air.
• 🔄 Directional control valves can be actuated manually, mechanically, pneumatically, or electrically.
• 📈 Directional control valves can serve as input signaling, processing, or control elements in a pneumatic circuit.
• 🔩 Main applications of directional control valves include connecting or shutting off compressed air supply and retracting and advancing pneumatic drives.
• 🔑 Directional control valves can be categorized by functionality (e.g., 2/2, 3/2, 4/2, 4/3, 5/2, 5/3 way valves) and method of actuation.
• 📊 Directional control valves are identified by the number of ports, positions, method of actuation, and return method.
• 📚 ISO standard symbols and letters (P, T, R, E, A, B, C1, C2) are used to represent different ports and functions of directional control valves.
• 🔍 The video provides examples of how directional control valves work in practice, including normally open and normally closed configurations.
• 🔧 Other valve types such as non-return, flow control, pressure control, and sequence valves have specific roles in fluid systems, including flow direction restriction, pressure regulation, and sequence control.

Q & A

What is the main function of valves in a fluid system?

The main function of valves is to control the pressure or flow rate of pressure media.

How many main categories of valves are mentioned in the script?

There are five main categories of valves mentioned: non-return valves, flow control valves, pressure control valves, directional control valves, and shutoff valves.

What is the primary role of directional control valves?

The primary role of directional control valves is to control the path of compressed air, including connecting or shutting off the compressed air supply and retracting and advancing pneumatic drives.

How can directional control valves be actuated?

Directional control valves can be actuated manually, mechanically, pneumatically, or electrically.

What does the arrow in a directional control valve symbolize?

The arrow in a directional control valve symbolizes the direction of flow.

What is the difference between a normally open and a normally closed directional control valve?

A normally open directional control valve allows air to pass through it in its initial condition, while a normally closed valve does not allow air to pass until it is actuated.

How are directional control valves categorized based on functionality and method of actuation?

Directional control valves are categorized based on the number of ports and positions, and the method of actuation, which can be manual, mechanical, pneumatic, or electrical.

What is the significance of the number and position representation in the naming of a directional control valve?

The number and position representation in the naming of a directional control valve indicates the number of ports and the number of positions the valve can take, which is essential for understanding its functionality.

What is the purpose of a non-return valve?

The purpose of a non-return valve is to allow flow in only one direction and block flow in the opposite direction.

What is the difference between a single-acting cylinder and a double-acting cylinder as discussed in the script?

A single-acting cylinder is actuated by air pressure on one side of the piston, while a double-acting cylinder has air pressure capable of actuating the piston from both sides, allowing for extension and retraction.

How does the script describe the process of designing a fluid power circuit with a double-acting cylinder and a 5-way, 2-position directional control valve?

The script describes the process of designing a fluid power circuit by connecting a compressed air supply to an air service unit, then to a manifold, and finally to a 5-way, 2-position directional control valve connected to a double-acting cylinder. The valve is configured with manual actuation and spring return, and the circuit is simulated to demonstrate its operation.

Outlines

00:00

🔧 Introduction to Directional Control Valves

The script begins with a brief introduction to the topic of fluid sim series, specifically focusing on valves and their functions. It mentions the difference between single acting and double acting cylinders from a previous video. The main focus of this session is on directional control valves, which are used to control the path of compressed air. The script explains that these valves can be actuated manually, mechanically, or electrically and have various applications such as connecting or shutting off compressed air supply and retracting and advancing pneumatic drives. The script also discusses the different forms of actuation and the importance of understanding how directional control valves work within neuromatic or electro-neumatic circuits.

05:00

📡 Functionality and Classification of Directional Control Valves

This paragraph delves deeper into the functionality of directional control valves, explaining their roles as input signaling elements, processing elements, and control elements in neuromatic circuits. It discusses how these valves can redirect or cancel signals and deliver the required quantity of air to match the power component required. The paragraph also covers the classification of directional control valves based on functionality and method of actuation, such as two-way, three-way, four-way, and five-way valves. It explains the naming conventions for these valves, including the number of ports, positions, method of actuation, and return actuation. The script also describes the symbols and standards used to represent these valves in ISO standards and neuromatic circuits.

10:02

🔄 Symbols and Examples of Directional Control Valves

The script provides examples of different directional control valves, explaining the symbols used in neuromatic circuits and their meanings. It describes various types of valves such as two-way, three-way, and five-way valves, and their positions, whether they are normally open or closed. The paragraph also includes short videos to demonstrate how these valves operate in practice. The examples show how the valves can be used to control the flow of air in different directions, with some valves being spring-return and others being operated by a push-button.

15:03

🛠 Actuation Methods and Other Valve Types

This section discusses various actuation methods for directional control valves, including mechanical, pneumatic, and electrical actuations. It mentions different types of mechanical actuations and how they can be used in fluid circuits. The script then transitions to discussing other forms of valves such as non-return valves, flow control valves, pressure sequence valves, and combinational valves. It provides a brief definition of each valve type and their applications, such as allowing flow in one direction, restricting air flow, pressure limiting, regulating, and sequencing.

20:04

🔩 Designing a Neuromorphic Circuit with Directional Control Valves

The script describes the process of designing a neuromorphic circuit that uses a double-acting cylinder controlled by a five-way, two-position directional control valve. It outlines the components needed, such as the air service unit, manifold, and the valve itself. The paragraph explains how to connect these components and configure the valve for manual actuation. It also demonstrates the simulation of the circuit, showing how the double-acting cylinder responds to the actuation of the directional control valve. The script emphasizes the importance of understanding the different forms of actuation and choosing the right valve for specific applications.

25:05

🔄 Exploring Different Actuations and Wrapping Up

The final paragraph explores different forms of actuation for directional control valves, such as detent actuation, which allows the valve to remain in its actuated position until actuated again. The script wraps up the session by summarizing the information covered about directional control valves, including their naming, different forms, and applications in neuromatic circuits. It also encourages viewers to watch previous videos for more information on single-acting cylinders and their connection with three-way, two-position valves.

Keywords

💡Actuators

Actuators are mechanical devices that are used to move or control something, often converting energy into motion. In the context of the video, actuators are discussed in relation to their operation with single and double acting cylinders. The video aims to differentiate between single and double acting cylinders, which are types of actuators used in fluid power systems.

💡Single Acting Cylinder

A single acting cylinder is a type of actuator that uses fluid pressure to produce motion in one direction, typically returning to its original position through the force of a spring or gravity. The video script mentions changing parameters for single acting cylinders, indicating how they can be controlled and utilized in pneumatic systems.

💡Double Acting Cylinder

A double acting cylinder is another type of actuator that can produce force in both directions, using fluid pressure to extend and retract. The video script discusses how to change parameters for double acting cylinders, highlighting their versatility and application in fluid power systems.

💡Valves

Valves are devices used to control the flow of fluids by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. The video script focuses on a special type of valve, the directional control valve, which is integral to controlling the direction of fluid flow in a system.

💡Directional Control Valves

Directional control valves are a type of valve that directs fluid flow through a system. They are highlighted in the video as a key component in fluid power systems, used to control the path of compressed air and thus the operation of pneumatic actuators like cylinders.

💡Neuromatic Circuit

A neuromatic circuit is a type of control system that combines electrical and pneumatic components. The video script discusses how directional control valves can be used within neuromatic circuits, indicating their role in both electrical and pneumatic actuation.

💡Pneumatic Actuation

Pneumatic actuation refers to the use of compressed air to create motion in mechanical systems. The video script mentions pneumatic actuation as a method of controlling directional control valves, emphasizing the role of air pressure in operating these valves.

💡Electro-Numatic Circuit

Electro-neumatic circuits are control systems that use electrical signals to operate pneumatic components. The video script discusses the use of directional control valves in electro-neumatic circuits, illustrating the integration of electrical control with pneumatic operation.

💡Ports

Ports in the context of valves refer to the points where fluid enters or exits the valve. The video script mentions the number of ports as a key characteristic of directional control valves, which is crucial for understanding their functionality and application.

💡Positions

Positions in the context of valves refer to the different states a valve can occupy, which affects the flow of fluid through the system. The video script discusses the number of positions as a characteristic of directional control valves, which is essential for understanding their operation and control.

💡Symbols

Symbols in the context of the video script refer to the graphical representations used in diagrams to denote specific types of valves or valve positions. The video script explains how symbols are used to represent different configurations of directional control valves, aiding in the understanding of their operation within a system.

Highlights

Introduction to the series on fluid simulation, focusing on actuators and the distinction between single and double acting cylinders.

Explanation of how to modify parameters for single and double acting cylinders.

Discussion on valves, with an emphasis on directional control valves and their role in fluid systems.

The primary function of valves is to control the pressure or flow rate of pressure media.

Classification of valves into five main categories: non-return, flow control, pressure control, directional control, and shutoff valves.

Detailed focus on directional control valves, their operation, and applications in pneumatic and electro-pneumatic circuits.

Directional control valves can be actuated manually, mechanically, pneumatically, or electrically.

Applications of directional control valves include connecting or shutting off compressed air supply and retracting and advancing pneumatic drives.

Role of directional control valves as input signaling elements, processing elements, and control elements in a circuit.

Explanation of how directional control valves control the path of compressed air.

Categorization of directional control valves based on functionality and method of actuation.

Description of how to choose a directional control valve based on number of ports, positions, actuation method, and return method.

Understanding symbols and naming conventions for directional control valves in pneumatic circuits.

Examples of different directional control valve configurations and their symbols in ISO standard.

Brief overview of non-return valves, flow control valves, pressure sequence valves, and combinational valves.

Introduction to the design of a simple circuit using a five-way, two-position directional control valve to control a double-acting cylinder.

Demonstration of how a double-acting cylinder is controlled by a five-way, two-position directional control valve in a pneumatic circuit.

Comparison of single-acting and double-acting cylinders and their control mechanisms.

Conclusion of the session with a summary of the information covered on directional control valves.

Transcripts

[Music]

[Music]

welcome to tgta fluid sim series

in the previous video we discussed the

actuators

and

basically covered the difference between

single acting cylinder and double acting

sealant also

we discussed how we basically can change

the parameters for single acting

cylinder and double acting cylinder with

influencing in this video we are going

to discuss

valves with a special focus on

directional control valves and at the

end of this session we

look at

a directional control valve inside fluid

seam and we will design again a simple

circuit in which we will have a five by

two directional control valve which is

going to be used for basically

controlling a double acting cylinder

okay let's start

so

in general

the main function of valves

is to control the pressure or flow rate

of pressure media so how many

different forms of

valves exist basically we have

five main categories of valves including

non-retained valves flow control valves

pressure control valves directional

control valves and shutoff mounts so

during these uh series we are going to

cover

all of these valves inside each of the

session that we would have but today the

main focus is going to be on directional

control valve

so

what is the main role of directional

control valve and how they can be used

within a neuromatic or let's say

electro-neumatic

circuits so they can be used basically

as

input signaling elements they can be

used as processing elements and also

they can be used as control elements

okay so

how directional control valves are

basically working

and what are the main functionality of

these components within a neuromatic

circuit so directional control valve

control the path of basically compressed

air so the direction of uh flow is

indicated in general within a

directional control valve by an arrow

okay

so

let me bring the pointer so they can be

actuated manually mechanically

neuromatically or even electrically we

already saw how many different forms of

actuation that we can have

uh for directional control valve when we

are using the config level one and also

we saw in basically fluid seam that we

have different forms of actuations that

they are basically already designed like

directional control valve with

mechanical actuation numerically

actuated or let's say electrically

actuated so

the main applications of directional

control valves include

connecting or

shutting off the compressed air supply

retracting and

advancing pneumatic drives okay so let's

see

uh let's basically look at a neuromatic

circuit right in that pneumatic circuit

we can have a directional control valve

which is basically connecting a manifold

right to a twin pressure valve for

example right and from that dream

pressure valve we have the connection to

a pneumatic actuation for another

directional control valve and this

directional control valve is connected

to the actuator so the first one

can basically shut up the air supply for

the twin pressure valve right and the

second directional contour valve

right can shut off basically uh the air

path towards the actuator so

the first one as you saw in here is

connecting or shutting off the

compressed air supply

within the system

before the actuator right and the second

one is basically

uh retracting and advancing the

pneumatic drives which is going to be

the single or double acting cylinder and

depending on the application it can be

another type of actuation mechanism too

so if we say

uh we have the directional control valve

as a signaling element

so

let's say we have it written a system as

a signaling element

uh we can have like a roller level valve

to detect the piston rod position of a

sealant so that can be basically in the

form of

signaling because it can detect the

position right and then it sends out a

signal

to

a directional control valve and from

there it is going to be a form of

signaling as a processing element

so

what a directional control valve can do

is

uh redirecting or canceling signals

depending on the signal input that is

basically sent to that specific

directional control valve or the signal

that directional control valve is

receiving as a control element the

directional control valve

can deliver the required quantity of the

air to match the power component

required so let's say we have an

actuator right the directional contour

valve should be capable of providing the

amount of air needed

for that power supply unit within that

system

or let's say power component that we

have within the system

we can also categorize

directional control valves based on

functionality

and method of actuation

per functionality we can say

we have a two by three uh three by two

four by two four by three five by three

way

valve so i'll discuss how we basically

use these naming for a directional

control valve

and also we can

have

the naming and the category method of

actuation because we need a form of

actuation for the directional control

valve right because that should be

actuated

and those type of uh actuation can be in

the form of manual type mechanical type

uh neomatic and hydraulic pilot signal

type solenoid type or it can be

basically uh

considering like the combination of

these

types of

actuation so

within a directional control valve

we can basically describe them by the

following items

number of ports or let's say opening

that we have or let's say base

number of positions

method of actuation and also method of

return actuation right so how many

position that we have within that

uh directional control valve so that is

an important thing which is going to be

represented in the naming of that

specific directional control valve how

many ports or vase we have for that

specific directional control valve again

that is going to be basically used in

naming and labeling of that directional

control valve

and what is the method of actuation are

we using let's say manual actuation are

we using mechanical actuation or

electrical actuation and what is the

return method what is the method of uh

basically returning the directional

control valve to its normal position

okay so these are the things that we

have to consider when you are choosing a

directional control valve and these are

generally used for basically classifying

directional control valve okay

um

when we are looking at directional

control valve

within neomatic circuit we can see

like the symbols and also we can see

letters sometimes we see numbers too so

we have a standard based on iso standard

in which we see the numbers

a specific

directional control valve and we have

the standard by letters as you can see

here in which p is representing the

pressure port t r e representing tank

port return port and exhaust port and we

have abc1 c2 which are representing

working ports and actuator ports

and

any of this square shape

if we observe them within a neomatic

circuit

for a directional control valve each of

them is representing the position

basically means

this system this directional control

valve can have how many position if it

has like one

uh s square in its symbol it just can

take one position if it has

two s square as you can see in here it

can have two position and if it has like

three square shape as you see in here

it means that it can have three

different possible positions

and

the arrow

basically representing the flow of uh

air and the direction that flow can have

okay

uh

as you see here we have a few of the

symbols that are generally

used within neomatic circuit and each of

them representing

uh

a directional control valve that already

exists and you can go basically buy them

for your specific application for

example this one

you see we have two ports right two ways

basically

and for this specific part right we have

two positions and two ports and as you

see in here the first one is

representing number of ports and the

second one is representing number of

positions

and if you want to call it we call it

two by two way directional control

valves which is normally open because if

we look at the right one right the right

square in here

the the direction of the flow is open so

we can pass the air in its normally open

condition right in its initial condition

and if you look at this one right

what we can observe in here

we have three ways if we consider the

beginning and ending each of these arrow

as two ports right so it has two ports

here one port in here and the same thing

in the other side but what is happening

in here because this is basically the

normal condition we can say it is

normally closed right so it is t by two

the directional control valve

normally closed one and we can name the

wrist as you can see here we have three

by two normally open we have four by two

five by two and five by three

directional control valve

so

as i said we have

uh basically numbering system so we can

have one

as the pressure port in iso standard for

lettering system we use p

two or four is going to be considered as

basically

uh working lines or we can use the

lettering system which is going to be

called

a or b and we have three or five which

is going to be exact

now let's look at two examples in here i

have

uh two short video that we can see how

basically directional control valve

works the first one that we have in here

is two by two

uh two way position path okay

so

if you look at this video

uh let's let's start you see at the

beginning because it's a normally open

right uh

directional control valve the air is

passing through pressure port to the

working port right

once we basically push this switch right

this system is going to be closed and we

cannot pass any air through this

pressure port right so at the beginning

it was basically

uh a normally open directional control

valve but if we apply that basically

push button right this system is going

to be closed and the air cannot pass

through this pressure port to port a and

if you look at the left side it is

basically a spring return so if you want

to call it it's a two-way

two position valve which is normally

open

right and

it is basically a spring return and push

button operate

and if you look at this one in this side

here we have a normally closed one and

this time we have three way to position

valve let's look at this short video

here

so what we have at the beginning the air

cannot pass right because it's a uh

normally closed right but after

a while after a few seconds

what we will observe in here right you

see the pressure port exhaust port and

basically the working port

right

if we push this button

right

so once we push this button the aid can

pass through this pressure to working

port and from there we have the system

working right

and if we bring this to the initial

position what will happen is the air

should pass through the exhaust so

that is a normally closed a spring

return as you can see in here

push button operated

directional control

okay let's look at

uh

the rest of symbols that we have there

are

many form of actuations generally we

consider push button level operated e10

level operated as you can see here food

pillow depending on the applications

right we have different form of

mechanical actuations as you see in here

and you can find almost most of them

inside the fluid seam when you are

designing a specific circuit

we have pneumatic actuation we will see

some circuits in which we are using

pneumatic actuation for directional

control valve in uh the part of

electro-neumatic circuit we will use

electrical actuation we have single

solenoid operation for example or double

solenoid operation and sometimes we can

even have the combination of solenoid

and

uh

manual override right so we will

basically test all of these cases when

you are designing different circuits

okay so we pretty much covered and

basically briefly covered

uh directional control valve different

forms of directional control valve that

we can have the symbols the definitions

how we can call them right now it's time

to look at the other forms of

directional control valves

sorry different other forms of valves

and what we have basically what is

non-written valves what is flow control

valves pressure sequence valves and

combinational vapes so let's just have a

brief definition of non-written valves

in future we'll design a circuit in

which we will have a knowledge and valve

the main role of non-return valve is to

allow a signal to basically flow through

the device just in one direction so in

the other direction the flow will be

blocked okay flow control valves the

flow control valve in general is used to

restrict or throttle the air in a

particular direction with the aim of

reducing the flow rate of the air and

from there we can control the signal

uh

pressure sequence valve so we use it for

three main purposes the first one is

pressure limiting the second one is

regulating and the third one is the

sequence so pressure limiting valve

ah in general are used to

on the opposite stream side of the

compressor to ensure the receiver

pressure is limited

pressure regulating valve

keep the pressure constant

respective to any pressure fluctuation

in the system pressure sequence valve is

used if a pressure dependent signal is

required for advancing of the control

system so what is the application of

combination of that sometimes we need to

have a certain applications and certain

functionality that we cannot find it in

the commercially available valves right

then based on the knowledge that we have

from different valves we can combine

them and get a certain functionality

right and one of the applications that

already exist in industry is time delay

valve that is basically

a combinational valve right and

combining different

uh sort of valves and from there we get

the com basically the functionality of

time delay valve

okay so that is basically

uh an introduction to directional

control valves and also a brief

let's say definition

to

different form of valves

in the next part of this video i will

design a simple again circuit

and from there we are going to look at

the configurable directional contour

valve with uh 5a two positions and we

are going to use it for controlling a uh

double acting cylinder

okay as i said in the first part of this

session

uh

i'm going to design

a circuit in which we have a double

acting cylinder and it's going to be

controlled by directional control valve

which has five way and two positions so

in lab one if you remember in this the

very first video

and if you watch that video i recommend

that to watch that video because in that

specific video we designed a circuit in

which we had a directional control valve

with three ways and two position and we

were basically controlling a single

acting cylinder over there and in this

video i'm going to design

another let's say basic neomatic circuit

in which we have a directional control

valve with 5v and 2 positions and

instead of having a single acting

cylinder we are going to have a double

acting cylinder

if you are interested in

basically understanding the difference

between single angle taking cylinder and

double acting cylinder you can watch the

video number

three and number two

over there you can have a better

understanding of the differences that we

have basically between these two

form of actuators

let's design the circuit

so

again we are going to use the nomadic

module in here

and we need to basically use a few basic

components

the first one is the actuators and we

are going to use a double acting

cylinder

and for the supply elements that is

going to be the same as

what we have in general for most of the

neomatix circuits which is going to be

supply element which is the compressed

air supply right

the air service unit that we have

and then i'm going to bring a manifold

which is basically distributing the air

between different components depending

on the applications we can have a

circuit with

many actuators right and a circuit with

many directional control valves in there

we need to distribute the air

in the case of having many components

right and this manifold helps us to have

that

power of distribution of the air with a

basically equal amount of uh pressure

okay we won't have any sort of pressure

fluctuation

in the best and ideal case

okay so what we have to do

we have the air service unit we have the

manifold the other thing that we have to

add in here is the directional control

valve and as i said we are going to use

a directional control valve which is

configurable and it has 5v

right and

two positions so i'm going to use this

one

okay

and the next step is basically

connecting them all so i'm going to

connect this compressed air supply to

this air service unit and from this air

service unit we are going to have

filtered air which is going to be passed

to this manifold right and from this

manifold we are passing the air to this

directional control valve right

and then we are going to connect this

directional control valve to this double

acting ceiling right so we have the

double acting cylinder now

connected to the directional control

valve and you see

we have two ports which has no

connection and they are they are going

to be used as the terminator so if we

double click on them we can just choose

the exhaust for both of them right and

the other one here

okay

so now we have the directional control

valve connected to the manifold

connected to the directional control

valve it's time to

configure it right so if we go inside

double click on it and if you go to the

configure valve so the first one that

i'm going to use is a sort of manual

actuation right this sort of let's say

push button

and then the other one for the other

side is going to be a spring return just

hit okay so we have the actuation for

the left and right side

right

and

the the very last step is basically

adding the labels so for this one i'm

going to put the label 0z

and then here i'm going to put the label

of 1z

over here we are going to have

one v1

right

and for the actuator based on the

standard that we have you can call it 1a

okay

so now the labeling is done

the next step is just starting the

simulation to see what is happening here

if we start the

right

so you see the air can pass and it goes

inside this double acting cylinder right

and as you see it is in the fully

retracted position so the air goes there

right and if i actuate this directional

control valve in here because it's a

formal let's say push button if i

actuate it right the air will basically

pass through this way right because it's

going to be connected to this arrow

right air pass and goes inside and from

the other side the air will be basically

transferred to the exhaust that we have

in here right so let's do the actuation

again you see the air

and the spring return

push the directional control valve to

its initial position right but if i keep

this push button in the active position

we will remain in the fully advanced

position until i leave this push button

right it returns back to its

retracted position

so

that is basically the difference that we

can observe between the dowel acting

cylinder and at the same time how a

directional control valve

right

uh with 5v

can be connected to a double acting

sealant right now let's uh basically

change it a bit

here we have a sort of push button

we can use detent form right so let's

stop this

simulation

again double clicking here

okay configure valve and instead of this

form of actuation i'm going to use this

one

hit okay

now if i do the simulation

start the simulation and then if i push

this one

right you see that directional control

valve will remain in its like actuated

position and it's because of this form

of actuation it's called detent

actuation and it's kind of clamped right

it will stay there until

we basically actuated again and then it

returns back to its initial position

because of this s-spring

as you see we have many forms of

actuation inside fluid seam and also in

industry as i said depending on the

applications that you're targeting and

depending on the circuit that you are

designing

basically for a specific application

you should take care of basically

the form of actuations that you are

using for the directional control valve

so there are

several types of directional control

valves

and you have to choose it based on the

applications that you are dealing with

okay we are done with

this session

uh we basically covered

uh the information related to

directional control valves

how we basically name them what are the

difference between the

different forms of directional control

valves that we have how they can help us

within a neuromatic circuit also we

looked at a very basic circuit in which

we had a five way two position circuits

are

already saw the single acting form and

three-way two positions here we saw five

a two positions

so if you are interested you can watch

the very first video related to this

topic

and in there you can basically look at

single acting cylinder and its

connection with the three way to

position valves

thank you very much for watching this

video if you enjoyed

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