Magnetic effect of electric current in one shot (Animation) | CLASS 10 CBSE boards | NCERT Science

Summary

This video explores the magnetic effects of electric current, beginning with Hans Christian Oersted's discovery of electromagnetism in 1820. It covers topics such as the formation and behavior of magnetic fields in bar magnets, straight and coiled current-carrying conductors, and solenoids. The video demonstrates how electric currents generate magnetic fields, explains the right-hand thumb rule, and introduces devices that use electromagnetism, like motors and generators. It also touches on the safety aspects of domestic electric circuits, including the role of fuses and earth wires in preventing overloading and electrical shocks.

Takeaways

• ⚡ Hans Christian Oersted discovered in 1820 that electric current affects magnetic fields, laying the foundation for electromagnetism.
• 🧲 The unit of magnetic field strength is named after Oersted in recognition of his contributions.
• 🌍 Magnetic fields exist around magnets, and they influence materials like iron filings to form patterns.
• 🧭 A compass near a magnet deflects due to the magnetic field, showing that like poles repel and opposite poles attract.
• 📐 Magnetic field lines form closed loops, starting from the North Pole of a magnet and merging at the South Pole.
• 🔄 A straight current-carrying conductor produces concentric magnetic field lines, with direction determined by the current flow.
• 👍 The right-hand thumb rule helps determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor.
• 🔄 When a straight conductor is bent into a loop, its magnetic field lines appear as straight lines at the loop's center.
• 🔧 Solenoids, tightly wound coils of wire, produce strong magnetic fields similar to bar magnets when current passes through them.
• ⚙️ Devices like motors, generators, and speakers utilize the force generated by interactions between electric currents and magnetic fields.

Q & A

Who discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism, and how?

Hans Christian Oersted discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism in 1820 when he observed that a compass needle deflected near a current-carrying conductor.

What is a magnetic field, and how can it be visualized with a bar magnet?

A magnetic field is the area around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected. It can be visualized by sprinkling iron filings around a bar magnet on a surface like cardboard. The filings arrange in a pattern that shows the magnetic field lines.

What happens when two magnets with the same poles are placed near each other?

When two magnets with the same poles (e.g., both North or both South) are placed near each other, they repel or push apart.

How can we draw magnetic field lines of a bar magnet using a compass?

To draw magnetic field lines, place a compass near the North Pole of the magnet and mark the direction the needle points. Move the compass along the field line, marking each position. Then, connect the marks with a smooth curve to represent the magnetic field line.

What is the Right-Hand Thumb Rule, and how is it applied?

The Right-Hand Thumb Rule helps determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor. Point your right thumb in the direction of the current, and the curl of your fingers represents the direction of the magnetic field lines.

What is the shape of the magnetic field around a straight current-carrying conductor?

The magnetic field around a straight current-carrying conductor forms concentric circles, as observed by sprinkling iron filings around the conductor and tapping the surface.

What happens to the magnetic field when the current in a conductor increases?

As the current flowing through the conductor increases, the strength of the magnetic field increases as well, which is indicated by the increased deflection of a compass needle.

How does the direction of the magnetic field change when the direction of current flow is reversed?

When the direction of current flow is reversed, the direction of the magnetic field also changes. For example, if the current flows from North to South, the magnetic field deflects eastward, but if reversed, it deflects westward.

What is a solenoid, and how does its magnetic field compare to a bar magnet?

A solenoid is a coil made of numerous circular turns of insulated wire, which creates a magnetic field similar to that of a bar magnet. One end behaves like a North Pole and the other as a South Pole, with uniform field lines inside the solenoid.

What is the role of the Earth wire in domestic electric circuits?

The Earth wire provides a low-resistance path for excess electrical current, protecting against electric shock and preventing damage to appliances by safely dissipating excess current into the ground.

Outlines

00:00

🔋 The Discovery of Electromagnetism by Hans Christian Ørsted

In 1820, Hans Christian Ørsted discovered the connection between electricity and magnetism when he noticed that a compass needle deflected near a conductor carrying current. This groundbreaking observation demonstrated the relationship between electricity and magnetism, contributing to the development of technologies such as radio, television, and fiber optics. In recognition of Ørsted's contributions, the unit of magnetic field strength is named after him. The chapter then introduces topics such as the shapes and directions of magnetic fields, magnetic effects of current-carrying conductors, and domestic electric circuits.

05:02

🧲 Magnetic Fields: Understanding Bar Magnets and Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic fields influence the space around them, as demonstrated by placing iron filings near a bar magnet. The filings align in a pattern due to the magnet's force, creating what are called magnetic field lines. The magnetic field has both direction and magnitude, with the lines forming loops from the North to the South Pole of the magnet. When two magnets are placed with like poles facing each other, they repel, while opposite poles attract. Drawing these field lines using a compass provides a visual representation of the magnetic force surrounding the magnet.

10:05

⚡ Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Conductor

When current passes through a straight conductor, it generates a magnetic field. This is illustrated by passing current through a thick wire and observing deflections in a nearby compass needle. By sprinkling iron filings around the conductor, concentric circles form, revealing the magnetic field lines. The direction of the magnetic field can be determined using a magnetic compass or the right-hand thumb rule, where curling fingers around the conductor indicate the field direction. The relationship between the current's direction and magnetic field is further explained, along with how increasing current strengthens the magnetic field.

🌀 Circular Conductors and Magnetic Fields

When a straight wire is bent into a circular loop and current passes through it, the magnetic field lines form concentric circles that behave similarly to a bar magnet. The right-hand thumb rule helps identify the magnetic field's direction. A circular loop creates stronger magnetic fields at the center, and the flow of current in a clockwise direction forms a South Pole, while an anticlockwise flow forms a North Pole. The chapter also explores how coils and solenoids—wires wound into tight spirals—generate strong magnetic fields, which can magnetize materials like soft iron, creating electromagnets.

🖐 Fleming's Left Hand Rule and Electric Devices

Fleming's left-hand rule helps determine the direction of force acting on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Devices such as electric motors, generators, loudspeakers, and measuring instruments operate based on the interaction between electric currents and magnetic fields. The chapter then transitions to discussing domestic electric circuits, explaining how electricity is supplied through live and neutral wires, and the importance of the Earth wire in preventing electrical shocks. Fuses play a critical role in protecting circuits from overloading by breaking the circuit when excessive current flows, safeguarding appliances and people.

Keywords

💡Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism refers to the interaction between electricity and magnetism, which was first observed by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820 when he noticed that a compass needle deflected near a current-carrying conductor. This concept is central to the video, as it explains the fundamental connection between electric current and magnetic fields, which leads to various technological applications like radios, televisions, and fiber optics.

💡Magnetic Field

A magnetic field is the area around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected. In the video, magnetic fields are visualized using iron filings around a bar magnet. The field lines represent the direction and strength of the magnetic field, which is stronger where the lines are closer together. Magnetic fields also arise around current-carrying conductors, as demonstrated by the compass deflection.

💡Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic field lines are visual representations of a magnetic field, showing the direction and strength of the field. In the video, field lines are formed by sprinkling iron filings around a magnet or a current-carrying wire, illustrating the magnetic influence. The closeness of the lines indicates the field's strength, and they never cross, as that would cause confusion in determining direction.

💡Right Hand Thumb Rule

The right-hand thumb rule is a technique used to determine the direction of magnetic field lines around a current-carrying conductor. In the video, it is explained that if the thumb points in the direction of the current, the fingers curl in the direction of the magnetic field. This rule helps in visualizing how current creates a magnetic field and is useful for determining the orientation of the field without needing a compass.

💡Solenoid

A solenoid is a coil of wire with numerous turns that generates a magnetic field when current passes through it. The video explains that a solenoid creates a magnetic field similar to that of a bar magnet, with one end acting as a north pole and the other as a south pole. The strength of the magnetic field inside the solenoid is consistent and strong, making it useful for creating electromagnets.

💡Electromagnet

An electromagnet is a magnet created by passing an electric current through a coil of wire, often with a soft iron core inside the coil to enhance the magnetic effect. The video explains that the magnetic field generated by a solenoid can magnetize materials like soft iron, forming an electromagnet, which has applications in devices like electric motors and generators.

💡Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule

Fleming’s left-hand rule is used to determine the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. According to the rule, if the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger of the left hand are perpendicular to each other, the thumb shows the direction of force, the forefinger the magnetic field, and the middle finger the current. The video uses this rule to explain the force interactions in devices like electric motors.

💡Current-Carrying Conductor

A current-carrying conductor refers to any material that allows the flow of electric current, which in turn generates a magnetic field around it. The video illustrates this concept by showing how a compass needle deflects near a straight conductor, and how iron filings form concentric circles around it, representing the shape of the magnetic field generated by the current.

💡Domestic Electric Circuits

Domestic electric circuits refer to the system of electrical wiring and components used in homes to distribute electricity. The video explains that in a typical household, electricity is supplied through a live wire and a neutral wire, with devices connected in parallel to ensure they all receive the same voltage. Safety features like fuses and earth wires protect the circuits from overloading and faults.

💡Overloading

Overloading occurs when too much current flows through a circuit, often due to faulty appliances, damaged insulation, or too many devices connected to one outlet. The video explains that overloading can lead to short circuits and potential hazards. Fuses are used to protect circuits by breaking the connection when current exceeds safe levels, preventing damage and electrical fires.

Highlights

Hans Christian Ørsted discovered the connection between electricity and magnetism in 1820 when he observed the deflection of a compass needle near a current-carrying conductor.

Ørsted's discovery was crucial in understanding electromagnetism, leading to the development of technologies like radio, television, and fiber optics.

Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet can be observed by sprinkling iron filings around the magnet; these filings align themselves in a pattern representing the field lines.

The direction and magnitude of a magnetic field are represented by magnetic field lines, which emerge from the North Pole and merge at the South Pole of a magnet.

Field lines indicate the strength of a magnetic field: the closer the lines, the stronger the field.

Magnetic fields are created around a current-carrying conductor, and the direction of the field can be determined using a magnetic compass or the right-hand thumb rule.

The right-hand thumb rule states that if you point your right thumb in the direction of current flow, the curl of your fingers indicates the direction of the magnetic field.

Increasing the current through a wire increases the strength of the magnetic field around it.

In a circular conductor, magnetic field lines form concentric circles around the loop, and at the center of the loop, these lines appear as straight.

A solenoid, a coil of wire, produces a uniform magnetic field similar to that of a bar magnet when current flows through it.

The strength of the magnetic field in a solenoid increases with the number of wire turns and the amount of current passing through it.

Fleming’s left-hand rule helps determine the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field by using the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger to indicate force, field, and current.

Household circuits use live, neutral, and earth wires, with a 220-volt potential difference between live and neutral wires.

Electrical fuses protect circuits from overloading by breaking the circuit if the current exceeds a safe level.

Fuses are designed to melt when excessive current flows, disconnecting the circuit to prevent damage to electrical equipment and appliances.

Transcripts

[Music]

magnetic effects of electric

current in 1820 Hans Christian AED one

of the leading scientists accidentally

discovered that a compass needle gets

deflected when it is placed near a

metallic conductor through which current

is

passing this observation demonstrated

the connection between electricity and

magnetism that means he played a crucial

role in understanding

electromagnetism ard's observation

helped in the development of

Technologies like radio television and

fiber

optics the unit of magnetic field

strength is named as the Ed in his honor

in this chapter we will learn about one

the shapes and directions of the

magnetic fields of a bar magnet two the

magnetic effects of a stray lubed and

coiled current carrying conductors and

three the domestic electric

circuits magnetic fields and lines place

a bar magnet on a cardboard and sprinkle

some iron filings on it now tap the

cardboard gently we can observe that the

iron filings arrange in a specific

pattern do you know the reason for it

magnets influence the space around them

causing the iron filings to feel a force

this Force arranges the iron filings in

a specific pattern the area around the

magnet where this force can be detected

is called a magnetic field the lines

formed by the alignment of iron filings

represent magnetic field

lines attraction and repulsions of a

magnet when we place a compass close to

a bar magnet the compass needle deflects

the compass needle acts like a small

magnet with its ends pointing North and

South the end pointing North is called

the North Pole and the end pointing

South is called the South Pole we have

observed that when two magnets have the

same poles facing each other they push

apart however when opposite poles face

each other they attract and pull

together drawing a magnetic field line

with the help of a comp

needle get a small compass and a bar

magnet draw the outline of the magnet on

the paper put the compass near the North

Pole of the magnet notice that the South

Pole of the compass needle points

towards the North Pole of the magnet the

North Pole of the compass points away

from the magnet's North Pole Mark the

positions of both ends of the needle

move the compass needle to a new

position so that its South Pole now

occupies the spot where its North Pole

was repeat this stepbystep process until

you reach the South Pole of the magnet

connect the marked points on the paper

with a smooth curve this curve

represents a magnetic field line repeat

the processor to draw as many lines as

you

can magnetic field lines magnetic field

has both Direction and magnitude the

direction of the magnetic field field is

where a North Pole of a compass needle

points conventionally magnetic field

lines emerge from North Pole and merge

at this South Pole inside a magnet field

lines go from South Pole to North Pole

magnetic field lines form closed CES the

closeness of field lines indicates the

strength of the magnetic field stronger

Fields have crowded field lines

resulting in greater force on another

magnets pole field lines lines don't

cross because it would confuse the

compass needle pointing in two

directions at

once so far we have studied the magnetic

field of a permanent bar magnet now let

us study the magnetic field of a

straight current carrying

conductor magnetic field of a stright

current carrying conductor let us take a

current carrying conductor a thick

stright wire and pass it through a plain

paper see that the paper is

perpendicular to the wire connect the

wire to a circuit and allow the current

to pass through it now bring a magnetic

compass near the conductor we can

observe the deflection of compass needle

this indicates that the electric current

through the copper wire has produced a

magnetic effect let us find out the

shape of this magnetic

field sprinkle some iron filings on the

paper and tap it gently we can observe

so that the iron filings get arranged in

concentric circles this is the shape of

the magnetic field and these are the

magnetic field lines but how do we know

the direction of this magnetic field

place a magnetic compass on the magnetic

field lines to know the direction of the

magnetic field relation between the

direction of the current flow and the

direction of the magnetic field arrange

the conductor and circuit as shown

now place the magnetic compass below the

conductor and allow the current to pass

through it when the current flows from

north to south Direction the compass

needle deflects towards East now change

the direction of current flow by

changing the cell's

Arrangement now the current flows from

south to North and the needle deflects

towards West that means if the direction

of current flow changes the direction of

the magnetic field also changes

relation between the strength of

magnetic field and the amount of current

flow arrange the conductor and circuit

as shown in this circuit we have a riat

to increase and decrease the current

flow in the circuit and an ameter to

know the value of the current place a

compass needle at some point say at

Point p on the cardboard there is no

deflection of the compass needle that

means the magnetic field of the

conductor is is not extend till here now

increase the current by adjusting the

rat now we can observe the needle in

compass deflect means the magnitude of

the magnetic field is increased with the

increase in current flow it indicates

that the magnitude of the magnetic field

produced at a given point increases as

the current Through the Wire

increases right hand thumb rule the

right hand thumb helps to determine the

direction of magnetic fields of current

current carrying conductors without a

magnetic compass to know the direction

of magnetic field Point your right thumb

in the direction of the current curl

your fingers around the conductor the

direction in which your fingers curl

represents the direction of the magnetic

field lines around the conductor in this

way using right hand thumb rule we can

find out the direction of the magnetic

field magnetic field in a circular

conductor when we bend a straight wire

into a circular Loop and pass a current

through it the magnetic field lines

around the loop form concentric circles

these circles get larger as we move away

from the loop at the center of the loop

these circles appear as straight lines

each point along the wire contributes to

the straight magnetic field lines at the

center using the right hand rule we can

see that all sections of the wire

contribute to the magnetic field lines

in the same direction within the loop we

can apply right hand thumb rule to know

the direction of the magnetic

field the side of the loop in which the

flow of current is clockwise that side

acts as South

Pole and the side of the loop in which

the flow of current is anticlockwise

that side acts as North Pole we can

remember this Direction with this

technique if the flow is clockwise draw

two arrows like this and join them then

you will get yes which stands for South

if the flow is anticlockwise draw two

arrows like this and join them then you

will get n which stands for

north magnetic field of a coil when an

electric current flows through a coil of

wire it creates a magnetic field around

the coil this magnetic field is stronger

because there are more turns in the coil

and it becomes even stronger if if the

coil is wound into a tight

spiral the strength of the magnetic

field depends on factors such as amount

of current flowing through the

coil magnetic field due to a current in

a

solenoid a coil made of numerous

circular turns of insulated copper wire

closely wound in a cylinder shape is

termed as solenoid the magnetic field

lines around the current carrying

solenoid are similar to a magnetic field

lines of a bar magnet both exhibit

similar behavior and appearance in a

solenoid one end behaves like a magnetic

north pole while the other acts as a

South Pole inside the solenoid the

magnetic field lines run parallel and

straight this uniform Arrangement

signifies that the magnetic field

strength remains consistent at all

points within the solenoid a robust

magnetic field generated inside a

solenoid can magnet ize magnetic

materials like soft iron placed inside

the coil the resulting magnet is known

as an electromagnet force of a current

carrying conductor in a magnetic field

when an electric current flows through a

conductor it creates a magnetic field

around it this magnetic field can exert

a force on a nearby magnet to determine

the direction of this Force we use

Fleming's left hand rule according to

this rule if if you stretch out your

left hand thumb four finger and middle

finger perpendicular to each other your

four finger points the direction of the

magnetic field your middle finger points

the direction of the current and your

thumb then indicates the direction of

the force acting on the conductor

devices utilizing this interaction

between the current carrying conductors

and magnetic fields include electric

motors generators loud speakers micro

phones and various measuring

instruments domestic electric circuits

electricity is supplied to our homes

through the mains the mains consist of

two wires the Live Wire that is positive

usually covered in red insulation and

the neutral wire negative typically

insulated in Black in our country the

potential difference between the two

wires is 220 Vol that means the voltage

of electric current of our homes is 2 20

OLS at the meter board in the house the

main wires pass through an electric

meter and a main fuse before connecting

to the line wires inside the house the

line wires Supply electricity to

separate circuits within the house

usually we have two different circuits

in our house one rated as 5 amps for

devices such as bulbs and fans and other

rated as 15 amps for high power

appliances like gysers Etc the Earth

wire insulated in green is connected to

a metal plate buried near the house one

of the primary purpose of this Earth

wire is to provide a safe path for

electrical currents in case of a

fault if there is a short circuit or

some other Mal functioning that causes

the metal casing of an appliance or

electrical device to become live with

electricity then the Earth wire provides

a low resistance path for the current to

flow into the ground preventing the

electric shock to humans and animals the

Earth wire helps protect electrical

equipment and appliances from damage by

providing a path for excess electrical

current to safely dissipate into the

ground this can help prevent damage from

Power surges or lightning

strikes appliances are connected across

the live and neutral wires within each

separate circuit with individual

switches to control the flow of current

to ensure each Appliance receives an

equal potential difference they are

connected in parallel an electrical fuse

is a safety device designed to protect

electrical circuits and equipment from

damage caused by excessive currents that

is

overloading overloading can occur due to

damaged insulation or Appliance faults

it results in a sudden increase in

current known as short

circuiting overloading can also result

from a spike in Supply voltage or by

connecting too many appliances to a

single

socket how does a fuse Works fuse

consists of a thin strip or wire made of

a material that melts easily such as

copper or silver it enclosed in a

protective

casing when the current passing through

the fuse exceeds a certain level the

wire heats up and melts this breaks the

circuit and disconnect the power supply

this is all about the magnetic effects

of electric

current thanks for watching please like

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