Sleep Is Your Superpower | Matt Walker | TED

Summary

El script de video revela la importancia vital del sueño para la salud y la longevidad. Expone cómo el sueño insuficiente afecta negativamente la función reproductiva y el sistema inmunológico, y cómo la privación del mismo puede acelerar el envejecimiento y aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades como el cáncer y la demencia. El discurso enfatiza la necesidad de priorizar el sueño como una necesidad biológica esencial, no un lujo de estilo de vida, y propone estrategias para mejorar la calidad del sueño, como la regularidad y mantener la habitación fresca.

Takeaways

• 😴 Dormir 5 horas por noche reduce significativamente el tamaño de los testículos en hombres en comparación con dormir 7 horas o más.
• 🏆 Los hombres que duermen solo 4 a 5 horas al día tienen niveles de testosterona similares a aquellos de una persona con 10 años más.
• 🚺 El sueño insuficiente también afecta negativamente la salud reproductiva en mujeres.
• 🧠 Se necesita sueño después de aprender para preservar los recuerdos y antes de aprender para preparar el cerebro para absorber nueva información.
• 📉 Un estudio demostró que los que no duermen sufren una disminución del 40% en la capacidad de crear nuevos recuerdos.
• 🧠 La falta de sueño puede provocar problemas de aprendizaje al afectar la actividad del hipocampo, la 'bandeja de entrada' del cerebro para los recuerdos.
• 💤 La calidad del sueño profundo es crucial para transferir memorias de la memoria a corto plazo a la memoria a largo plazo.
• 👵 La disminución de la calidad del sueño profundo con la edad está relacionada con la disminución de la capacidad de aprendizaje y memoria.
• 🛑 La falta de sueño puede afectar negativamente el sistema inmunológico, reduciendo la actividad de las células asesinas naturales y aumentando el riesgo de cáncer.
• 🧬 La falta de sueño puede alterar la actividad genética, lo que puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades como el cáncer y la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
• 🛌 Priorizar el sueño es esencial para la salud, ya que no se puede compensar acumulando deudas de sueño.

Q & A

¿Cuál es la relación entre la cantidad de sueño y el tamaño de los testículos en los hombres?

Hombres que duermen cinco horas al día tienen testículos significativamente más pequeños que aquellos que duermen siete horas o más.

¿Cómo afecta el sueño la producción de testosterona en los hombres?

Hombres que duermen solo cuatro a cinco horas al día tienen niveles de testosterona equivalentes a los de alguien con diez años más de edad.

¿Qué sucede con la salud reproductiva de las mujeres si no se duermen suficiente?

Se observan deterioros equivalentes en la salud reproductiva femenina debido a la falta de sueño, similares a los en hombres.

¿Por qué es importante el sueño después de aprender algo para la memoria?

Se necesita sueño después de aprender para presionar el botón de 'guardar' en esas memorias nuevas para no olvidarlas.

¿Cómo afecta el sueño la capacidad de aprendizaje y memoria antes de aprender algo nuevo?

Se necesita sueño antes de aprender para preparar el cerebro, como una esponja seca lista para absorber nueva información.

¿Cuál es la diferencia en la capacidad de memoria entre personas que duermen bien y aquellas que están privadas del sueño?

Existe un déficit del 40% en la capacidad del cerebro para hacer nuevas memorias sin sueño, comparado con aquellos que duermen.

¿Qué es el hipocampo y cómo está relacionado con la memoria?

El hipocampo es una estructura en el cerebro que actúa como el buzón de información del cerebro, muy bueno para recibir y retener archivos de memoria nuevos.

¿Cómo se ve afectada la actividad del hipocampo en personas que no duermen suficiente?

En personas privadas del sueño, no se puede encontrar ninguna señal significativa de actividad en el hipocampo, como si la privación del sueño hubiera apagado el buzón de memoria.

¿Qué son las 'ondas de sueño profundo' y qué importancia tienen para la memoria?

Las ondas de sueño profundo son grandes y poderosas ondas cerebrales que ocurren durante los estados más profundos del sueño y son cruciales para transferir memorias de la memoria a corto plazo a una ubicación de almacenamiento a largo plazo más permanente.

¿Cómo está relacionado el sueño con el envejecimiento y la demencia?

El deterioro del sueño profundo está significativamente interrelacionado con la disminución de la capacidad de aprendizaje y memoria a medida que envejecemos, y recientemente, también se ha descubierto que está relacionado con la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

¿Qué es la estimulación de corriente directa en el cerebro y cómo puede ayudar con el sueño?

Es un método que implica insertar una pequeña cantidad de voltaje en el cerebro, lo que puede amplificar el tamaño de las ondas de sueño profundo y, por lo tanto, duplicar el beneficio de la memoria que se obtiene del sueño.

¿Cómo afecta el sueño la función del sistema inmunológico?

La restricción del sueño a solo cuatro horas en una noche puede causar una disminución del 70% en la actividad de las células asesinas naturales, que son esenciales para la función inmunológica.

¿Qué consejos se pueden dar para mejorar la calidad del sueño?

Los consejos son mantener una rutina regular de sueño, acostarse y despertarse a la misma hora todos los días, y mantener la temperatura de la habitación fresca, alrededor de 65 grados Fahrenheit o 18 grados Celsius.

Outlines

00:00

😱 Consecuencias del sueño insuficiente en la salud reproductiva

Este párrafo aborda los efectos negativos del sueño insuficiente en la salud reproductiva tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Se menciona que los hombres que duermen cinco horas o menos tienen testículos significativamente más pequeños y niveles de testosterona similares a los de alguien con diez años más de edad. Asimismo, se señala que el sueño insuficiente también afecta la salud reproductiva femenina. Además, se destaca la importancia del sueño para la función del cerebro en el aprendizaje y la memoria, comparando el efecto del sueño con preservar y preparar el cerebro para absorber nuevos conocimientos. Se describe un estudio que muestra una disminución del 40% en la capacidad del cerebro para crear nuevos recuerdos sin dormir, lo que es especialmente preocupante en el contexto educativo.

05:00

💤 El sueño profundo y su papel en la memoria

En este párrafo, se explora cómo el sueño profundo ayuda a transferir los recuerdos de la memoria a corto plazo a una ubicación de almacenamiento a largo plazo en el cerebro, protegiéndolos y haciendo que sean seguros. Se discute la relación entre el deterioro del sueño profundo y el envejecimiento, la disminución de la capacidad de aprendizaje y la memoria, y cómo esto está vinculado con el riesgo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas como la demencia y Alzheimer. Se menciona un estudio que sugiere que la interrupción del sueño profundo puede ser un factor subestimado en el declive cognitivo en la vejez. Además, se describe un enfoque para mejorar la calidad del sueño profundo mediante estimulación cerebral de corriente directa, lo que podría tener implicaciones para la recuperación de la función de aprendizaje y memoria en personas mayores y con demencia.

10:03

🛌 El impacto del sueño en el sistema inmunológico y el riesgo de cáncer

Este párrafo se centra en cómo el sueño insuficiente puede afectar negativamente el sistema inmunológico y aumentar el riesgo de cáncer. Se describen los glóbulos blancos llamados células asesinas naturales, que son esenciales para identificar y eliminar elementos peligrosos y no deseados, como tumores cancerosos. Se menciona un estudio que muestra una disminución del 70% en la actividad de estas células asesinas naturales después de una noche de sueño restringido a solo cuatro horas. Se discute cómo el sueño insuficiente está asociado con un aumento en el riesgo de desarrollar varios tipos de cáncer, incluidos los de colon, próstata y mama. Además, se menciona que la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha clasificado el trabajo de turnos nocturnos como un carcinógeno probable debido a la interrupción de los ritmos de sueño-vigilia.

15:03

🌙 Consejos para mejorar el sueño y su importancia vital

El último párrafo ofrece consejos prácticos para mejorar la calidad del sueño, como mantener una rutina regular de dormir y despertar a la misma hora todos los días, y mantener la habitación fresca para fomentar el sueño. Se enfatiza la importancia vital del sueño como una necesidad biológica no negociable, comparándolo con un sistema de soporte de vida y una de las mejores herramientas de la naturaleza para la longevidad. Se advierte sobre la epidemia silenciosa de pérdida de sueño en las naciones industrializadas y su impacto catastrófico en la salud, el bienestar y la seguridad, y se insta a la sociedad a recuperar el derecho al sueño completo, liberándose del estigma de la pereza. Finalmente, se ofrecen deseos de buena suerte y un buen sueño al público.

Keywords

💡testículos

Los testículos son órganos sexuales masculinos que producen espermatozoides y hormonas sexuales, como la testosterona. En el guion, se menciona que los hombres que duermen cinco horas al día tienen testículos significativamente más pequeños que aquellos que duermen siete horas o más, lo que indica la importancia del sueño para la salud reproductiva masculina.

💡testosterona

La testosterona es una hormona sexual masculina que afecta el desarrollo de características sexuales secundarias y la función reproductiva. En el guion, se sugiere que el sueño insuficiente puede reducir los niveles de testosterona en hombres, comparándolos con los de personas diez años mayores, destacando cómo el sueño afecta la salud y el envejecimiento.

💡sueño

El sueño es un estado natural de la mente y el cuerpo que es esencial para la recuperación y la función cognitiva. El guion enfatiza la necesidad de suficiente sueño para preservar la memoria y el aprendizaje, y cómo el sueño insuficiente puede tener efectos negativos en la salud y el rendimiento cognitivo.

💡memoria

La memoria es la capacidad del cerebro para almacenar y recuperar información. El guion explica cómo el sueño es crucial para 'grabar' nuevos recuerdos y preparar el cerebro para el aprendizaje, utilizando la analogía de un 'sponja seca' listo para absorber nueva información.

💡hipócampus

El hipocampo es una región del cerebro implicada en el aprendizaje y la memoria. En el guion, se describe cómo el hipocampo actúa como un 'buzón de información' del cerebro, y cómo la privación del sueño puede 'apagar' su actividad, afectando la capacidad de aprender y recordar.

💡envejecimiento cognitivo

El envejecimiento cognitivo se refiere a la disminución en la capacidad de aprendizaje y memoria que ocurre con la edad. El guion sugiere que la degradación del sueño profundo con la edad puede estar relacionada con el declive cognitivo, lo que tiene implicaciones para el desarrollo de enfermedades como la demencia.

💡día de verano

El cambio al horario del día de verano es mencionado en el guion como un ejemplo de cómo la pérdida de una hora de sueño puede aumentar el riesgo de ataques al corazón, resaltando la conexión entre el sueño y la salud cardiovascular.

💡células asesinas naturales

Las células asesinas naturales son parte del sistema inmunológico y se especializan en identificar y destruir células cancerosas y virus. El guion explica cómo el sueño insuficiente puede reducir drásticamente la actividad de estas células, lo que puede aumentar el riesgo de cáncer.

💡genoma

El genoma es la totalidad del material genético de un organismo. El guion menciona un estudio que muestra cómo el sueño insuficiente puede alterar la actividad de más de 700 genes, lo que puede tener efectos negativos en el sistema inmunológico y aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades como el cáncer y la enfermedad cardiovascular.

💡regularidad

La regularidad en el sueño se refiere a la importancia de acostarse y despertarse a la misma hora todos los días, lo que ayuda a mejorar la calidad y la cantidad del sueño. El guion ofrece esta recomendación como una estrategia para mejorar la salud del sueño.

💡temperatura

La temperatura es un factor clave para la capacidad de dormir. El guion sugiere que mantener una temperatura ambiente cercana a 65 grados Fahrenheit (aproximadamente 18 grados Celsius) es óptima para promover el sueño, ya que el cuerpo necesita reducir su temperatura central para iniciar y mantener el sueño.

Highlights

Men who sleep five hours a night have significantly smaller testicles than those who sleep seven hours or more.

Men who sleep four to five hours a night have testosterone levels similar to someone 10 years older.

Lack of sleep can impair both male and female reproductive health.

Sleep is essential for learning and memory functions; it helps to 'save' new memories.

Sleep before learning prepares the brain like a 'dry sponge', ready to absorb new information.

Sleep deprivation can lead to a 40% deficit in the brain's ability to form new memories.

The hippocampus, crucial for memory, shows reduced activity in sleep-deprived individuals.

Deep sleep's quality is vital for memory restoration and enhancement.

Aging and dementia are linked to disruptions in deep sleep, affecting cognitive and memory functions.

Direct current brain stimulation during sleep can amplify deep-sleep brainwaves and memory benefits.

Sleep loss affects the cardiovascular system, with a 24% increase in heart attacks following daylight saving time.

Sleep restriction to four hours can lead to a 70% drop in natural killer cell activity, impacting the immune system.

Short sleep duration is linked to an increased risk of developing various forms of cancer.

Sleep deprivation can alter gene activity, including those related to immune function and tumor promotion.

Sleep is a nonnegotiable biological necessity, not a lifestyle luxury.

Sleep deprivation is a silent epidemic with significant public health implications.

Prioritizing sleep can help improve overall health and well-being.

Transcripts

Thank you very much.

Well, I would like to start with testicles.

(Laughter)

Men who sleep five hours a night

have significantly smaller testicles than those who sleep seven hours or more.

(Laughter)

In addition, men who routinely sleep just four to five hours a night

will have a level of testosterone

which is that of someone 10 years their senior.

So a lack of sleep will age a man by a decade

in terms of that critical aspect of wellness.

And we see equivalent impairments in female reproductive health

caused by a lack of sleep.

This is the best news that I have for you today.

(Laughter)

From this point, it may only get worse.

Not only will I tell you about the wonderfully good things

that happen when you get sleep,

but the alarmingly bad things that happen when you don't get enough,

both for your brain and for your body.

Let me start with the brain

and the functions of learning and memory,

because what we've discovered over the past 10 or so years

is that you need sleep after learning

to essentially hit the save button on those new memories

so that you don't forget.

But recently, we discovered that you also need sleep before learning

to actually prepare your brain,

almost like a dry sponge

ready to initially soak up new information.

And without sleep, the memory circuits of the brain

essentially become waterlogged, as it were,

and you can't absorb new memories.

So let me show you the data.

Here in this study, we decided to test the hypothesis

that pulling the all-nighter was a good idea.

So we took a group of individuals

and we assigned them to one of two experimental groups:

a sleep group and a sleep deprivation group.

Now the sleep group, they're going to get a full eight hours of slumber,

but the deprivation group, we're going to keep them awake

in the laboratory, under full supervision.

There's no naps or caffeine, by the way, so it's miserable for everyone involved.

And then the next day,

we're going to place those participants inside an MRI scanner

and we're going to have them try and learn a whole list of new facts

as we're taking snapshots of brain activity.

And then we're going to test them

to see how effective that learning has been.

And that's what you're looking at here on the vertical axis.

And when you put those two groups head to head,

what you find is a quite significant, 40-percent deficit

in the ability of the brain to make new memories without sleep.

I think this should be concerning,

considering what we know is happening to sleep

in our education populations right now.

In fact, to put that in context,

it would be the difference in a child acing an exam

versus failing it miserably -- 40 percent.

And we've gone on to discover what goes wrong within your brain

to produce these types of learning disabilities.

And there's a structure that sits

on the left and the right side of your brain, called the hippocampus.

And you can think of the hippocampus

almost like the informational inbox of your brain.

It's very good at receiving new memory files

and then holding on to them.

And when you look at this structure

in those people who'd had a full night of sleep,

we saw lots of healthy learning-related activity.

Yet in those people who were sleep-deprived,

we actually couldn't find any significant signal whatsoever.

So it's almost as though sleep deprivation had shut down your memory inbox,

and any new incoming files -- they were just being bounced.

You couldn't effectively commit new experiences to memory.

So that's the bad that can happen if I were to take sleep away from you,

but let me just come back to that control group for a second.

Do you remember those folks that got a full eight hours of sleep?

Well, we can ask a very different question:

What is it about the physiological quality of your sleep

when you do get it

that restores and enhances your memory and learning ability

each and every day?

And by placing electrodes all over the head,

what we've discovered is that there are big, powerful brainwaves

that happen during the very deepest stages of sleep

that have riding on top of them

these spectacular bursts of electrical activity

that we call sleep spindles.

And it's the combined quality of these deep-sleep brainwaves

that acts like a file-transfer mechanism at night,

shifting memories from a short-term vulnerable reservoir

to a more permanent long-term storage site within the brain,

and therefore protecting them, making them safe.

And it is important that we understand

what during sleep actually transacts these memory benefits,

because there are real medical and societal implications.

And let me just tell you about one area

that we've moved this work out into, clinically,

which is the context of aging and dementia.

Because it's of course no secret that, as we get older,

our learning and memory abilities begin to fade and decline.

But what we've also discovered

is that a physiological signature of aging is that your sleep gets worse,

especially that deep quality of sleep that I was just discussing.

And only last year, we finally published evidence

that these two things, they're not simply co-occurring,

they are significantly interrelated.

And it suggests that the disruption of deep sleep

is an underappreciated factor

that is contributing to cognitive decline or memory decline

in aging, and most recently we've discovered,

in Alzheimer's disease as well.

Now, I know this is remarkably depressing news.

It's in the mail. It's coming at you.

But there's a potential silver lining here.

Unlike many of the other factors that we know are associated with aging,

for example changes in the physical structure of the brain,

that's fiendishly difficult to treat.

But that sleep is a missing piece in the explanatory puzzle

of aging and Alzheimer's is exciting

because we may be able to do something about it.

And one way that we are approaching this at my sleep center

is not by using sleeping pills, by the way.

Unfortunately, they are blunt instruments that do not produce naturalistic sleep.

Instead, we're actually developing a method based on this.

It's called direct current brain stimulation.

You insert a small amount of voltage into the brain,

so small you typically don't feel it,

but it has a measurable impact.

Now if you apply this stimulation during sleep in young, healthy adults,

as if you're sort of singing in time with those deep-sleep brainwaves,

not only can you amplify the size of those deep-sleep brainwaves,

but in doing so, we can almost double the amount of memory benefit

that you get from sleep.

The question now is whether we can translate

this same affordable, potentially portable piece of technology

into older adults and those with dementia.

Can we restore back some healthy quality of deep sleep,

and in doing so, can we salvage aspects of their learning

and memory function?

That is my real hope now.

That's one of our moon-shot goals, as it were.

So that's an example of sleep for your brain,

but sleep is just as essential for your body.

We've already spoken about sleep loss and your reproductive system.

Or I could tell you about sleep loss and your cardiovascular system,

and that all it takes is one hour.

Because there is a global experiment performed on 1.6 billion people

across 70 countries twice a year,

and it's called daylight saving time.

Now, in the spring, when we lose one hour of sleep,

we see a subsequent 24-percent increase in heart attacks that following day.

In the autumn, when we gain an hour of sleep,

we see a 21-percent reduction in heart attacks.

Isn't that incredible?

And you see exactly the same profile for car crashes, road traffic accidents,

even suicide rates.

But as a deeper dive, I want to focus on this:

sleep loss and your immune system.

And here, I'll introduce these delightful blue elements in the image.

They are called natural killer cells,

and you can think of natural killer cells almost like the secret service agents

of your immune system.

They are very good at identifying dangerous, unwanted elements

and eliminating them.

In fact, what they're doing here is destroying a cancerous tumor mass.

So what you wish for is a virile set of these immune assassins

at all times,

and tragically, that's what you don't have if you're not sleeping enough.

So here in this experiment,

you're not going to have your sleep deprived for an entire night,

you're simply going to have your sleep restricted to four hours

for one single night,

and then we're going to look to see what's the percent reduction

in immune cell activity that you suffer.

And it's not small -- it's not 10 percent,

it's not 20 percent.

There was a 70-percent drop in natural killer cell activity.

That's a concerning state of immune deficiency,

and you can perhaps understand why we're now finding

significant links between short sleep duration

and your risk for the development of numerous forms of cancer.

Currently, that list includes cancer of the bowel,

cancer of the prostate and cancer of the breast.

In fact, the link between a lack of sleep and cancer is now so strong

that the World Health Organization

has classified any form of nighttime shift work

as a probable carcinogen,

because of a disruption of your sleep-wake rhythms.

So you may have heard of that old maxim

that you can sleep when you're dead.

Well, I'm being quite serious now --

it is mortally unwise advice.

We know this from epidemiological studies across millions of individuals.

There's a simple truth:

the shorter your sleep, the shorter your life.

Short sleep predicts all-cause mortality.

And if increasing your risk for the development of cancer

or even Alzheimer's disease

were not sufficiently disquieting,

we have since discovered that a lack of sleep will even erode

the very fabric of biological life itself,

your DNA genetic code.

So here in this study, they took a group of healthy adults

and they limited them to six hours of sleep a night

for one week,

and then they measured the change in their gene activity profile

relative to when those same individuals

were getting a full eight hours of sleep a night.

And there were two critical findings.

First, a sizable and significant 711 genes

were distorted in their activity,

caused by a lack of sleep.

The second result was that about half of those genes

were actually increased in their activity.

The other half were decreased.

Now those genes that were switched off by a lack of sleep

were genes associated with your immune system,

so once again, you can see that immune deficiency.

In contrast, those genes that were actually upregulated

or increased by way of a lack of sleep,

were genes associated with the promotion of tumors,

genes associated with long-term chronic inflammation within the body,

and genes associated with stress,

and, as a consequence, cardiovascular disease.

There is simply no aspect of your wellness

that can retreat at the sign of sleep deprivation

and get away unscathed.

It's rather like a broken water pipe in your home.

Sleep loss will leak down into every nook and cranny

of your physiology,

even tampering with the very DNA nucleic alphabet

that spells out your daily health narrative.

And at this point, you may be thinking,

"Oh my goodness, how do I start to get better sleep?

What are you tips for good sleep?"

Well, beyond avoiding the damaging and harmful impact

of alcohol and caffeine on sleep,

and if you're struggling with sleep at night,

avoiding naps during the day,

I have two pieces of advice for you.

The first is regularity.

Go to bed at the same time, wake up at the same time,

no matter whether it's the weekday or the weekend.

Regularity is king,

and it will anchor your sleep

and improve the quantity and the quality of that sleep.

The second is keep it cool.

Your body needs to drop its core temperature

by about two to three degrees Fahrenheit to initiate sleep

and then to stay asleep,

and it's the reason you will always find it easier

to fall asleep in a room that's too cold

than too hot.

So aim for a bedroom temperature of around 65 degrees,

or about 18 degrees Celsius.

That's going to be optimal for the sleep of most people.

And then finally, in taking a step back, then,

what is the mission-critical statement here?

Well, I think it may be this:

sleep, unfortunately, is not an optional lifestyle luxury.

Sleep is a nonnegotiable biological necessity.

It is your life-support system,

and it is Mother Nature's best effort yet at immortality.

And the decimation of sleep throughout industrialized nations

is having a catastrophic impact on our health, our wellness,

even the safety and the education of our children.

It's a silent sleep loss epidemic,

and it's fast becoming one of the greatest public health challenges

that we face in the 21st century.

I believe it is now time for us to reclaim our right

to a full night of sleep,

and without embarrassment

or that unfortunate stigma of laziness.

And in doing so, we can be reunited with the most powerful elixir of life,

the Swiss Army knife of health, as it were.

And with that soapbox rant over,

I will simply say, good night, good luck,

and above all ...

I do hope you sleep well.

Thank you very much indeed.

(Applause)

Thank you.

(Applause)

Thank you so much.

David Biello: No, no, no. Stay there for a second.

Good job not running away, though. I appreciate that.

So that was terrifying.

Matt Walker: You're welcome. DB: Yes, thank you, thank you.

Since we can't catch up on sleep, what are we supposed to do?

What do we do when we're, like, tossing and turning in bed late at night

or doing shift work or whatever else?

MW: So you're right, we can't catch up on sleep.

Sleep is not like the bank.

You can't accumulate a debt

and then hope to pay it off at a later point in time.

I should also note the reason that it's so catastrophic

and that our health deteriorates so quickly,

first, it's because human beings are the only species

that deliberately deprive themselves of sleep

for no apparent reason.

DB: Because we're smart.

MW: And I make that point because it means that Mother Nature,

throughout the course of evolution,

has never had to face the challenge of this thing called sleep deprivation.

So she's never developed a safety net,

and that's why when you undersleep,

things just sort of implode so quickly, both within the brain and the body.

So you just have to prioritize.

DB: OK, but tossing and turning in bed,

what do I do?

MW: So if you are staying in bed awake for too long,

you should get out of bed and go to a different room

and do something different.

The reason is because your brain will very quickly associate your bedroom

with the place of wakefulness,

and you need to break that association.

So only return to bed when you are sleepy,

and that way you will relearn the association that you once had,

which is your bed is the place of sleep.

So the analogy would be,

you'd never sit at the dinner table, waiting to get hungry,

so why would you lie in bed, waiting to get sleepy?

DB: Well, thank you for that wake-up call.

Great job, Matt.

MW: You're very welcome. Thank you very much.