Automation in Production Systems.
Summary
TLDRThis script discusses the automation of manufacturing systems, categorizing them into automated manufacturing systems and computerized manufacturing support systems. It delves into three types of automation: fixed, programmable, and flexible, each suited to different production volumes and product varieties. The script also touches on computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), highlighting its role in product design, planning, control, and information processing, aiming to streamline manufacturing operations.
Takeaways
- 🏭 Automated manufacturing systems operate within factories to perform tasks such as processing, assembly, inspection, and material handling with minimal human intervention.
- 🔗 The automation of manufacturing systems is closely tied to computerization, which supports both the factory floor operations and the broader enterprise management.
- 📊 Automated systems can be categorized into fixed automation, programmable automation, and flexible automation, each serving different production needs and volumes.
- 💼 Fixed automation is suitable for high-volume, consistent production due to its high initial investment and lack of flexibility.
- 🛠 Programmable automation allows for changes in the sequence of operations through programming, suitable for batch production with varying product configurations.
- 🔄 Flexible automation enables the production of a variety of parts or products with minimal changeover time, ideal for medium production rates and frequent design variations.
- 💡 Computerized manufacturing support systems aim to reduce manual and clerical work in product design, planning, control, and business functions.
- 🖥️ Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) represents the comprehensive integration of computer systems across all aspects of manufacturing, from design to production control.
- 🎛️ CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) are integral parts of CIM, supporting product design and manufacturing engineering functions.
- 📈 The implementation of CIM can lead to more efficient manufacturing processes by streamlining information flow and decision-making across the enterprise.
Q & A
What are the two categories of automation in a production system?
-The two categories of automation in a production system are the automation of the manufacturing systems in the factory and the computerization of the manufacturing support systems.
What is the difference between automated and manual operations in a production system?
-Automated operations in a production system perform tasks with a reduced level of human participation compared to the corresponding manual process. In highly automated systems, there can be virtually no human participation.
What are the examples of automated manufacturing systems?
-Examples of automated manufacturing systems include automated machine tools, transfer lines, automated assembly systems, automatic material handling and storage systems, and automatic inspection systems for quality control.
How are automated manufacturing systems classified?
-Automated manufacturing systems are classified into three basic types: fixed automation, programmable automation, and flexible automation.
What is fixed automation and what are its typical features?
-Fixed automation is a system where the sequence of processing or assembly operations is fixed by the equipment configuration. Its typical features include high initial investment, high production rates, and low flexibility to accommodate product variety.
What is programmable automation and how does it differ from fixed automation?
-Programmable automation allows the sequence of operations to be changed to accommodate different product configurations, controlled by a program. It differs from fixed automation by offering flexibility to deal with variations and changes in product configuration, and is suitable for batch production.
What is flexible automation and how does it extend programmable automation?
-Flexible automation is capable of producing a variety of parts or products with virtually no time lost for changeovers. It extends programmable automation by allowing continuous production of variable mixtures of parts or products without significant changeover times.
What is the purpose of computerized manufacturing support systems?
-The purpose of computerized manufacturing support systems is to reduce the amount of manual and clerical effort in product design, manufacturing planning and control, and the business functions of the firm.
What is computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and how does it relate to automation?
-Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) refers to the pervasive use of computer systems to design products, plan production, control operations, and perform various information processing functions in a manufacturing firm. It involves integrating all these functions into one system that operates throughout the enterprise.
What are the four basic manufacturing support functions that computer integrated manufacturing supports?
-The four basic manufacturing support functions supported by computer integrated manufacturing are business functions, product design, manufacturing planning, and manufacturing control.
Outlines
🤖 Automation in Manufacturing Systems
This paragraph discusses the automation of a firm's production system, which can be divided into two main categories: automation of manufacturing systems in the factory and computerization of manufacturing support systems. The automated manufacturing systems are further classified into three types: fixed automation, programmable automation, and flexible automation. Fixed automation involves a set sequence of operations with high initial investment and is suitable for high-volume production. Programmable automation allows for changes in the sequence of operations to accommodate different products, with flexibility for batch production. Flexible automation is designed for minimal downtime during changeovers and can produce a variety of parts without significant setup time. Examples of automated systems include machine tools, transfer lines, assembly systems, material handling, and inspection systems. The paragraph also touches on the economic justification for each type of automation based on production volume and product variety.
💻 Computerization of Manufacturing Support Systems
The second paragraph delves into computerized manufacturing support systems, which aim to reduce manual and clerical efforts in product design, manufacturing planning and control, and business functions. It highlights the role of computer technology in implementing automation within the factory and the concept of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), which integrates various functions such as product design, production planning, and control into a cohesive system. The paragraph mentions specific elements of CIM, including Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), which support product design and manufacturing engineering functions, respectively. The integration of CAD and CAM into one system is also discussed. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of information processing in supporting the manufacturing support functions of business, product design, manufacturing planning, and control.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Automation
💡Manufacturing Systems
💡Computerization
💡Fixed Automation
💡Programmable Automation
💡Flexible Automation
💡Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
💡Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
💡Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
💡Manufacturing Support Systems
Highlights
Components of the firm's production system are divided into automated and manual operations.
Automated elements can be categorized into automation of manufacturing systems and computerization of manufacturing support systems.
Automated manufacturing systems perform operations with reduced human participation.
Examples of automated manufacturing systems include machine tools, transfer lines, assembly systems, material handling, and inspection systems.
Automated manufacturing systems are classified into fixed, programmable, and flexible automation.
Fixed automation is characterized by a fixed sequence of operations and is suitable for high-volume production.
Programmable automation allows for changes in the sequence of operations to accommodate different products.
Flexible automation enables the production of various parts with minimal changeover time.
Computerized manufacturing support systems aim to reduce manual effort in product design, planning, and control.
Computer technology is integral to implementing both manufacturing and support systems automation.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves the comprehensive use of computer systems across all manufacturing functions.
CAD and CAM are specific elements of CIM, supporting product design and manufacturing engineering functions.
CIM integrates information processing activities to provide data and knowledge for successful product production.
Manufacturing support functions include business functions, product design, manufacturing planning, and control.
The economic justification for fixed automation is based on high initial costs spread over large production quantities.
Programmable automation is suitable for batch production with flexibility in product configuration changes.
Flexible automation systems can produce a variety of parts without significant downtime for changeovers.
The integration of CAD and CAM into one system streamlines the product design and manufacturing process.
Transcripts
some components of the firm's production
system are likely to be automated
whereas others will be operated manually
or clerical II the automated elements of
the production system can be separated
into two categories
number one automation of the
manufacturing systems in the factory and
number two computerization of the
manufacturing support systems in modern
production systems the two categories
are closely related because the
automated manufacturing systems on the
factory floor are themselves usually
implemented by computer systems that are
integrated with the manufacturing
support systems and management
information system operating at the
plant and enterprise levels the two
categories of
automation are shown in this figure at
first let's discuss in details about
automated manufacturing systems
automated manufacturing systems operate
in the factory on the physical product
they perform operations such as
processing assembly inspection and
material handling in many cases
accomplishing more than one of these
operations in the same system they are
called automated because they perform
their operations with a reduced level of
human participation compared with the
corresponding manual process in some
highly automated systems there is
virtually no human participation
examples of automated manufacturing
systems include automated machine tools
that process parts transfer lines that
perform a series of machining operations
automated assembly systems manufacturing
systems that use industrial robots to
perform processing or assembly
operations automatic material handling
and storage systems to integrate
manufacturing operations and automatic
inspection systems for quality control
automated manufacturing systems can be
classified into three basic types number
one fixed automation number two
programmable automation and number three
flexible automation they generally
operate as fully automated systems
although semi automated systems are
common in programmable automation fixed
automation
fixed automation is a system in which
the sequence of processing or assembly
operations is fixed by the equipment
configuration each operation in the
sequence is usually simple involving
perhaps a plain linear or rotational
motion or an uncomplicated combination
of the two such as feeding a rotating
spindle it is the integration and
coordination of many such operations in
one piece of equipment that makes the
system complex typical features of fixed
automation are high initial investment
for custom engineered equipment high
production rates and in flexibility of
the equipment to accommodate product
variety the economic justification for
fixed automation is found in products
that are made in very large quantities
and at high production rates the high
initial cost of the equipment can be
spread over a very large number of units
thus minimizing the unit cost relative
to alternative methods of production
examples of fixed automation include
machining transfer lines and automated
assembly machines programmable
automation in programmable automation
the production equipment is designed
with the capability to change the
sequence of operations to accommodate
different product configurations the
operation sequence is controlled by a
program which is a set of instructions
coded so that they can be read and
interpreted by the system new programs
can be prepared and entered into the
equipment to produce new products some
of the features that characterize
programmable automation include high
investment in general purpose equipment
lower production rates than fixed
automation flexibility to deal with
variations and changes in product
configuration and high suitability for
batch production programmable automated
systems are used in low and medium
volume production the parts or products
are typically made in batches to produce
each new batch of a different item the
system must be reprogrammed with the set
of machine instructions that correspond
to the new item the physical setup of
the machine must also be changed tools
must be loaded fixtures must be attached
to the machine table and any required
machine settings
must be entered this changeover takes
time consequently the typical cycle for
a given batch includes a period during
which the setup and reprogramming take
place followed by a period in which the
parts are produced examples of
programmable automation include
numerically controlled and see machine
tools industrial robots and programmable
logic controllers flexible automation
flexible automation is an extension of
programmable automation a flexible
automated system is capable of producing
a variety of parts or products with
virtually no time lost for changeovers
from one design to the next there is no
lost production time while reprogramming
the system and altering the physical set
up tooling fixtures machine settings
accordingly the system can produce
various mixes and schedules of parts or
products instead of requiring that they
be made in batches
what makes flexible automation possible
is that the differences between parts
processed by the system are not
significant so the amount of changeover
between designs is minimal features of
flexible automation include high
investment for a custom engineered
system continuous production of variable
mixtures of parts or products medium
production rates and flexibility to deal
with product design variations examples
of flexible automation are flexible
manufacturing systems that perform
machining processes we can see the three
types of automation relative to
production quantity and product variety
that we have just discussed till now we
were discussing the automated
manufacturing systems
now let's discuss about computerized
manufacturing support systems automation
of the manufacturing support systems is
aimed at reducing the amount of manual
and clerical effort in product design
manufacturing planning and control and
the business functions of the firm
nearly all modern manufacturing support
systems are implemented using computers
indeed
computer technology is used to implement
automation of the manufacturing systems
in the factory as well computer
integrated manufacturing CI M
denotes the pervasive use of computer
systems to design the products plan the
production control the operations and
perform the various information
processing functions needed in a
manufacturing firm true CI em involves
integrating all of these functions in
one system that operates throughout the
entreprise other terms are used to
identify specific elements of the CI m
system for example computer-aided design
in short CAD supports the product design
function computer-aided manufacturing in
short cam is used for functions related
to manufacturing engineering such as
process planning and numerical control
part programming some computer systems
perform both CAD and cam and so the term
CAD or cam is used to indicate the
integration of the two into one system
computer integrated manufacturing
involves the information processing
activities that provide the data and
knowledge required to successfully
produce the product these activities are
accomplished to implement the four basic
manufacturing support functions
identified earlier business functions
product design manufacturing planning
and manufacturing control
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