1935: The commonwealth constitution and 1899: Malolos constitution
Summary
TLDRThis video explores the Commonwealth Constitution of the Philippines in 1935, detailing its structure with a President, Vice President, and a bicameral legislature. It traces the country's journey from Spanish colonization, through the Treaty of Paris, to American rule. Key laws like the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and the Jones Law of 1916 shaped the nation's governance. The 1935 Constitution, drafted by Claro M. Recto, aimed for independence and democracy, leading to the 1946 declaration of the Republic. The video also delves into the Malolos Constitution of 1899, the first attempt at self-governance, which established rights and separation of church and state but was never fully implemented due to the Philippine-American War.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The Commonwealth constitution of 1935 established the framework for the government of the Philippines, outlining its structure and functions.
- 🌐 The Commonwealth consisted of a President, Vice President, Cabinet, Legislature, Judiciary, and Civil Service, reflecting a democratic republic model.
- 📜 The Treaty of Paris ended Spanish colonization but led to the Philippines becoming subject to US power, marking a shift from one colonial power to another.
- 📚 The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and the Jones Law of 1916 were significant US laws that laid the groundwork for the Philippine government's structure and eventual autonomy.
- 🗳️ The 1935 constitution provided for a unicameral National Assembly and a President and Vice President elected for six-year terms without re-election.
- 🔄 The 1935 constitution was later amended in 1940 to establish a bicameral Congress, composed of a Senate and House of Representatives, to better represent the Filipino people.
- 📊 The right to vote was extended to Filipino citizens who were at least 21 years old, able to read and write, and later to women within two years after the constitution's adoption.
- 🗓️ The constitution was drafted, approved by the constitutional convention on February 8, 1935, and ratified by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 25, 1935.
- 🎖️ Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first president of the Commonwealth in September 1935, marking a milestone in Philippine political history.
- 🏝️ The Philippine Independence was declared on July 4, 1946, ending the period of the Commonwealth and establishing the Republic of the Philippines.
Q & A
What is the definition of a Commonwealth as mentioned in the transcript?
-A Commonwealth is defined as an independent country or community, especially a democratic republic, which is used in the association of commonwealth of nations, and it consists of a President, Vice President, cabinet members, legislature, judiciary, and civil service.
What was the impact of the Treaty of Paris on the Philippines according to the transcript?
-The Treaty of Paris ended Spanish colonization and led to the Philippines becoming subject to the power of the USA, effectively making the USA the new colonizer of the country.
What were the two acts of the United States Congress that had qualities of constitutionality in the Philippines?
-The two acts were the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 by Henry Cooper and the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 by Jones Law.
How did the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, also known as Jones Law, change the structure of the Philippine government?
-The Jones Law modified the structure of the Philippine government by removing the Philippine Commission and replacing it with a Senate, allowing for the first truly elected national legislative.
What was the significance of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act passed by the United States Congress in 1932?
-The Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act promised the granting of Filipino Independence, but it was opposed by then Senate President Manuel L. Quezon and consequently rejected by the Philippine Senate.
What was the primary source of the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution of the Philippines?
-The primary source of the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was the preamble which stated that the Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine providence, aimed to establish a government that would embody ideals, conserve and develop the nation's patrimony, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of independence under a regime of justice, liberty, and democracy.
What were the key features of the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution of the Philippines?
-The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution created a unicameral National Assembly with a President and Vice President elected for six years without re-election. It was later amended in 1940 to have a bicameral Congress composed of a Senate and House of Representatives.
Who was elected as the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines?
-Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
What is the Malolos Constitution and why is it significant?
-The Malolos Constitution, also known as the Political Constitution of 1899, was the constitution of the first Philippine Republic. It was significant as it was the first attempt to establish a national government and define the rights and structure of the new republic.
Who were the main authors of the Malolos Constitution?
-The main authors of the Malolos Constitution were Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno, with Philip Calderon Roca and Philip Buencamino as alternative authors.
What were the key achievements of the Malolos Congress?
-The key achievements of the Malolos Congress included the ratification of the declaration of Philippine Independence, the passage of a law allowing the Philippines to borrow money for government expenses, the establishment of the Universidad de Filipinas and other schools, drafting of the Philippine Constitution, and declaring war against the United States.
Outlines
🏛️ Commonwealth Constitution of 1935
The script discusses the Commonwealth constitution of the Philippines in 1935, explaining the concept of a Commonwealth as an independent, democratic republic. It highlights the structure of a Commonwealth, which includes a President, Vice President, cabinet members, legislature, judiciary, and Civil Service. The historical context is provided, mentioning the Treaty of Paris and the shift from Spanish to American colonization. Two key laws are discussed: the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 by Henry Cooper and the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 by Jones Law. The 1935 Commonwealth constitution aimed to establish a government that would promote the general welfare and secure independence for the Filipino people under a regime of justice, liberty, and democracy.
📜 The 1935 Philippine Commonwealth and Its Evolution
This section details the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935, which initially provided for a unicameral National Assembly with a President and Vice President elected for six years without re-election. The constitution was later amended in 1940 to create a bicameral Congress composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. The rights of suffrage were given to Filipino citizens who were 21 years old or older, able to read and write, and this was later extended to women. The draft of the constitution was approved by the constitutional convention on February 8, 1935, and ratified by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 25, 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first president of the Commonwealth. The narrative concludes with the declaration of Philippine independence on July 4, 1946.
🏛️ The Malolos Constitution of 1899
The script provides an overview of the Malolos Constitution, formally known as the Political Constitution of 1899, which was the constitution of the first Philippine Republic. It was authored by Felipe Calderon Roca and Felipe Buencamino. The constitution was promulgated on January 21, 1899, following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and the subsequent return of Emilio Aguinaldo to the Philippines with the support of the United States against Spain. The Malolos Congress convened on September 15, 1898, and achieved several milestones, including the ratification of the Philippine Declaration of Independence, the passage of laws for government financing, the establishment of educational institutions, and the drafting of the constitution. The constitution itself detailed the natural rights and civil liberties of Filipinos, the separation of church and state, and established a popular, representative, and responsible government with distinct legislative, executive, and judicial powers.
🛑 The Unenforced 1899 Malolos Constitution
The final paragraph discusses the enforcement of the 1899 Malolos Constitution, which was never implemented due to ongoing conflict. The Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1899, transferred the sovereignty of the Philippines from Spain to the United States, effectively ending the short-lived First Philippine Republic. The narrative concludes with a reflection on the nature of government, suggesting that a government powerful enough to provide everything one desires is also powerful enough to take everything one has.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Commonwealth
💡Treaty of Paris
💡Philippine Organic Act of 1902
💡Bill of Rights
💡Jones Law
💡Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act
💡Tydings-McDuffie Act
💡1935 Commonwealth Constitution
💡Unicameral National Assembly
💡Bicameral Congress
💡Malolos Constitution
Highlights
Commonwealth is a term for an independent country or community, especially a democratic republic.
The Treaty of Paris ended Spanish colonization but led to the Philippines becoming subject to US power.
The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and the Jones Law of 1916 were significant in shaping the Philippine government's structure.
The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 established a popularly elected Philippine Assembly.
The Jones Law of 1916 modified the government structure by removing the Philippine Commission and introducing a bicameral legislature.
The Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act of 1932 promised Filipino independence but was opposed by Senate President Manuel L. Quezon.
The Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934 provided for the granting of independence to the Philippines.
The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was drafted to establish a government that would promote the general welfare and secure independence.
The 1935 Constitution created a unicameral National Assembly with a President and Vice President elected for six-year terms.
The 1935 Constitution was amended in 1940 to establish a bicameral Congress composed of a Senate and House of Representatives.
Suffrage rights were extended to Filipino citizens who were at least 21 years old, able to read and write, and later to women as well.
The 1935 Constitution was approved by the Constitutional Convention on February 8, 1935, and ratified by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 25, 1935.
Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first President of the Commonwealth in September 1935.
The Philippines declared independence and became a republic on July 4, 1946.
The Malolos Constitution of 1899 was the constitution of the first Philippine Republic, written by Felipe Calderon Roca and Felipe Buencamino.
Emilio Aguinaldo, a local leader and revolutionary, played a significant role in the Philippine Revolution and the establishment of the Malolos Constitution.
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato in 1897 was a truce between the Spanish colonial government and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo.
The Malolos Congress in 1898 was a significant step towards Philippine independence, with Aguinaldo assembling the Congress at Barasoain Church.
The Malolos Constitution included provisions for natural rights, popular sovereignty, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
The 1899 Malolos Constitution was never enforced due to the ongoing war and the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which transferred the Philippines to the United States.
Transcripts
Hello everyone our topic for today is
the Commonwealth constitution in
1935 So what is Commonwealth
Commonwealth is a independent country or
community especially a democratic
republic So it means ginagamit sa
asosasyon pang kapatiran ng ilang nasyon
soberanya so Commonwealth
consist President Vice President cabinet
members legislature judiciary and Civil
Service so let's proceed after the
Treaty of Paris the Philippine was
subject to the power of USA effectively
the new colonizer of country So it say
on this statement that Treaty of Paris
which is the ended of Spanish
colonization Is there a new colonizer
which is the
USA in the
philippines so let's proceed on two laws
which is the the Philippine organic Act
of 1902 by Henry Cooper and the
Philippine autonomy in
1916 by Jones
law next is the two Acts of United
States Congress that considered to have
qualities of
constitutionality first Philippine
organic Act of
1902 it provides for creation of
popularity elected Philippine
Assembly So it was the first organic law
so next is the act specified that
legislative power will vested as upper
house and Philippine Assembly as lower
house key provision include a Bill of
Rights Commission of Philippine
representative to United States House of
Representative So it says
that this Bill of Rights is may
kakayanan tayong mga Pilipino na
magpahayag ng
ating sariling opinyon at may
kapangyarihan tayo para hindi mabilanggo
dahil dito sa Bill of
Rights so let's proceed on second act
Philippine atony Act of
1916 refer as jon's law which modified
the structure of Philippine government
through removal of Philippine Commission
replacing it with the Senate voters
first truly elected National
legislative So sinasabi dito is
nagbibigay kapangyarihan sa Pinoy na
bumoto and then pinakamahalaga at
mataas simula pagtibayin ng saligang
batas na umabot ito ng 1916 at nagtapos
ng
1935 next is in
1932 the effort of Filipino Independence
mission led by sir osia and Manuel
rojas the United States Congress passed
the hair house cutting act with promise
of granting Filipino
Independence next is the bill was
opposed by then Senate President Manuel
L Quezon that consequently rejected by
philippin Senate then let's proceed in
1934 another law the tidings mdy also
known as Philippine Independence Act was
passed by United States Congress that
provide
authority So bago ito mapasa ang act na
ito is nagkaro binigyan ito ng authority
ng united stat
Congress next is the member of
convention were elected and held their
first meeting on 30 July 1934
with Claro M Recto anly elected as
President next is primary source
preamble of the 1935 Commonwealth the
Filipino people imploring the aid of
Divine providence in order to establish
government that shall embody ideals
conserve and develop patrimony of Nation
promote general welfare and Secure to
the
them
posterity fish the blessing of
Independence under regim of justice
Liberty and democracy do or then prom
this
constitution so let's proceed from 1935
to
1946 constitution created Commonwealth
of Philippine administrative body that
govern philippines so the created common
to govern the
Philippines it originally provide
unicameral National assembly with
President and Vice President elected six
years without the re elect so President
and vice president is meron silang 6
years of
terms so let's proceed it was amended in
1940 to have bicameral Congress composed
of Senate and House of
Representative so let's the rights of
suffrage were afforded to make Citizen
of Philippines who are 21 years age or
over able to read and write This was
Later on extended to women within 2
years after adaptation of
constitution so let's proceed the draft
of constitution was approved by
constitutional convention on 8 February
1935 and ratified by United States
president Franklin B rosevelt on March
25
1935 So it says that after Several
months of deliberation there was
approved on February 8
1935 at pinagtibay ni US President
Franklin rosevelt on March 25
1935
pinagtibay ang batas
Commonwealth so next is election held on
September
1935 at si Manuel Manuel El
Quezon is na-elect as president in
Commonwealth next
in July 4 1946 Philippine was declared
Independence Republic
That's all Thank you for
watching so good day everyone my name is
norel aml marandacan and my topic is all
about 1899 malal
constitution so First of all let me tell
you what is malala's
constitution so Actually the first title
of the document of the Malolos
constitution was the political
constitution of
1899 so the political constitution of
1899 informally known as the Malolos
constitution was the constitution of the
first Philippine Republic and it is
written by Philip calderon roca a
Filipino lawyer politician intellectual
known as the father of malolo
constitution or the main author of this
and also Philip Buencamino a Infamous
Filipino turncoat lawyer Diplomat and
politician as an alternative to to a
pair of proposal to the molos Congress
by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro
Paterno after aany Debate in the latter
part of
1898 it was promulgated on January 21
1899 that's why they call 1899 malalas
constitution so let's proceed during the
month of august the year of 1896 Emilio
Aguinaldo was the mayor of Cavite viejo
or Kawit Cavite so Si Emilio aginaldo ay
ipinanganak sa local na Elite ng Cavite
sa isang sa isla ng Luzon sa Pilipinas
at ang kanyang ama ay naging alkalde ng
kawit cavite or naging Mayor ito ng ng
kawit cavite at sa oras ng kanyang
kamatayan noong 1878 isang post na si
Aguinaldo mismo ang gaganapin noong
taong
1896 He was the local leader of
Katipunan so that the same year
Aguinaldo joined the secret nationalist
Brotherhood Katipunan founded by Andres
Bonifacio so the month of December 1897
sign an agreement called pact of Bak na
b with Spanish Governor
General so the pact of yak na bato
signed on December 14 1897 created a
truce between Spanish colonial Governor
General Fernando primo de Rivera the
Revolution and the revolutionary leader
Emilio Aguinaldo to to end the
Philippine Revolution Aguinaldo and his
fellow revolutionaries were given
amnesty and monetary indemnity by the
Spanish government in return For which
the revolutionary government would go
into exile in Hong Kong Aguinaldo had
decided to use the money to purchase
advance firearms and ammunition Later on
return the
archipelago He made agreements with
representatives of the American
consulates and of Commander George dewi
to return
philippin United
stes war against SP
noong una sa Hong Kong at pagkatapos ay
sa Singapore nakipag-ayos siya sa
kinatawan ng mga konsulado ng Amerika at
ni commodore georg wy na bumalik sa
Pilipinas upang tulungan ang Estados
Unidos sa digmaan laban sa
Espanya so next is history of the
Philippine revolutionary government the
Mol Congress jly 18 1898 Emilio aginaldo
issued a decree asking for the election
of
to the revolutionary Congress Days Later
another decree was being promulgated
which declared that Aguinaldo would
appoint representatives of the Congress
he appointed 50 delegates in all and
Aguinaldo assembled the revolutionary
Congress at barasan church in Malolos
Bulacan on September 15
1898 ang mem a binubuo ng m nahal ng
delegado
sa pamamagitan ng pagboto sa mga
pagtitipon ng probinsya at Hinirang ng
mga delegado na pinili ng Pangulo Upang
kumatawan sa mga rehiyon sa ilalim ng
hindi matatag na kondisyon ng militar at
sibilyan Binuksan ang rebolusyonaryong
Kongreso noong Setyembre 15 sa taong
1898 sa barasoian church sa Malolos
Bulacan at si Pangulong Emilio Aguinaldo
ang namuno sa pugad na senso ng
asemblea next is these are those the
important achievements of the Malolos
Congress in September 29 1898 ratified
the declaration of the Philippine
Independence held at Kawit Cavite in
June 12
1898 and second is the passage of law
that allowed the Philippine to borrow 20
milliones from the bank of the
government expenses and the third is
establishment of the Universidad
literature the filipinas and other
schools in the fourth is drafting of the
Philippines constitution and and last is
declaring the war against United States
on June 12
1899 the highlights of mal or political
constitution of 1899 pream We the
representatives of the Filipino people
lawfully convent in order to establish
justice provide for the common defense
promote the general w
and ur the benefits of the liberty
imploring the aid of the sovereign
legislator of the universe for the
attainment of this ends have voted
decreed and sanctioned the following
political
constitution so the first is the 27
articles of title number four detail the
natural rights and popular sity of
Filipinos the enumeration of which not
imply the prohibition of any other
rights not expressly state So this
articles entitle means that the state
shall maintain honesty and integrity in
the public service and take positive and
effective measures against graft and
corruption second is title number three
article number four also declares that
the state recognizes the freedom and
equality of all beliefs as well as
separation of church and state So
basically the state this States
recognizes the freedom and equality of
all religions as well as the separation
of church and state Kinikilala ng mga
estado ang kalayaan at
pagkakapantay-pantay ng lahat ng
Relihiyon gayundin ang paghihiwalay ng
simbahan na testado so The Third is the
three form government according to title
2 article number 4 is to be pop popular
representative alternative and
responsible And shall exer three
distinct powers namely legislative
executive and judicial so this means
that any two or more of these three
powers shall never be United in one
person or cooperation nor the
legislative power vested in one single
individual so for you to easy to
understand alin pa man sa dalawa o higit
pa sa tatlong kapangyarihang ito ay
hindi dapat magkaisa sa isang tao o
kooperasyon o ang kapangyarihang
pambatas na ipinagkaloob sa isang
individual at last the 1899 Malolos
constitution was never enforced due to
the ongoing war the Philippine was
effectively A territory of the United
States Upon The signing of the Treaty of
Paris between Spain and United States
transferring sity of Philippines on
December 10
1899 so in other terms or
logically a government a government is B
enough to give you Everything You Want
Is a government big enough to take from
you everything you have ang isang
gobyernong sapat na malaki upang ibigay
SAO ang lahat ng gusto mo ay isang
pamamahala pamahalaang sapat na malaki
upang kunin mulao ang lahat ng mayroon
ka
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