KONFIGURASI ELEKTRON MENURUT TEORI ATOM BOHR & ELEKTRON VALENSI (KIMIA SMA KELAS 10)

WIN'S CHEMISTRY CLASS

16 Aug 202006:57

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script delves into the atomic structure, focusing on Niels Bohr's atomic theory and the arrangement of electrons in atomic shells. It explains the concept of electron configurations, using the formula 2n^2 to determine the maximum number of electrons in each shell. Examples are provided to illustrate how to calculate electron configurations for elements like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and bromine. The video also touches on valence electrons, which are crucial for understanding chemical bonding.

Takeaways

🔬 The script discusses the Bohr model of the atom, which includes electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific shells or energy levels.
🌟 Niels Bohr proposed four postulates about the atom, including the idea that electrons occupy certain shells around the nucleus.
📚 The electron configuration in an atom's shells is governed by the formula 2n², where n represents the shell number.
💡 The first shell (K shell) can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, calculated by 2 * 1².
🔋 The second shell (L shell) can hold up to 8 electrons, calculated by 2 * 2².
📈 The third shell (M shell) can hold up to 18 electrons, calculated by 2 * 3².
🌐 The fourth shell (N shell) can hold up to 32 electrons, calculated by 2 * 4², and this pattern continues for higher shells.
🔍 The script provides examples of how to determine the electron configuration for elements like carbon (6 electrons), neon (10 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), and calcium (20 electrons).
📝 The valence electrons, which are the ones in the outermost shell, are crucial for chemical bonding and are identified for each element discussed.
🌌 The script clarifies that if the number of electrons in the third shell is less than 8, they are all written in the third shell, but if more than 8 but less than 18, the third shell is filled with 8 electrons first, and the rest go to the next shell.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the script?
-The main topic discussed in the script is the arrangement of electrons in the atomic shells according to Bohr's atomic theory.
Who proposed the theory of atomic structure that is discussed in the script?
-Niels Bohr proposed the theory of atomic structure that is discussed in the script.
What are the components of an atom according to the script?
-According to the script, an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the term used to describe the specific paths that electrons follow around the nucleus?
-The term used to describe the specific paths that electrons follow around the nucleus is 'shells' or 'orbitals'.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first shell (K shell) according to Bohr's theory?
-According to Bohr's theory, the first shell (K shell) can have a maximum of 2 electrons.
How is the maximum number of electrons in a shell determined by Bohr's theory?
-The maximum number of electrons in a shell is determined by the formula 2n^2, where 'n' is the principal quantum number of the shell.
What is the term used to describe the distribution of electrons within an atom according to Bohr's theory?
-The term used to describe the distribution of electrons within an atom is 'electron configuration'.
How many electrons does carbon have, and what is its electron configuration according to the script?
-Carbon has 6 electrons, and its electron configuration is 2 in the first shell and 4 in the second shell, written as 2-4.
What is the electron configuration for phosphorus (P) with an atomic number of 15?
-The electron configuration for phosphorus (P) is 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 5 in the third shell, written as 2-8-5.
What is the term for the electrons that are in the outermost shell of an atom?
-The term for the electrons that are in the outermost shell of an atom is 'valence electrons'.
How many valence electrons does calcium have, and what is its electron configuration?
-Calcium has 2 valence electrons, and its electron configuration is 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, 8 in the third shell, and 2 in the fourth shell, written as 2-8-8-2.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Electron Configuration in Bohr's Atomic Theory

This paragraph delves into the electron configuration within an atom as per Bohr's atomic theory. It begins with a review of the atomic theory, discussing the particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The focus then shifts to the arrangement of electrons in the atom's shells, with Bohr's model suggesting electrons orbit the nucleus in specific shells. The paragraph introduces the concept of electron configuration, which is the distribution of electrons within an atom's shells. It explains the rule that the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a shell is given by the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell's principal quantum number. The paragraph provides examples of how to calculate the electron configuration for elements like carbon (6 electrons), neon (10 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), and calcium (20 electrons), emphasizing the correct filling of shells and the significance of the outermost shell's electron count.

05:03

🌐 Valence Electrons and Their Determination

The second paragraph continues the discussion on atomic structure by focusing on valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. It explains that valence electrons play a crucial role in chemical bonding. The paragraph provides a method to determine the valence electrons for the elements discussed in the previous section, such as carbon, neon, phosphorus, calcium, and bromine. For carbon, with four electrons in its outer shell, it has four valence electrons. Neon, with eight electrons in its outer shell, has eight valence electrons. Phosphorus has five valence electrons, and calcium has two, while bromine has five valence electrons. The paragraph concludes with the importance of understanding valence electrons for predicting an element's chemical behavior.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Atom

An atom is the basic unit of matter and a component of chemical elements. It consists of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus. In the video, the discussion revolves around the atomic structure and the arrangement of electrons within the atom, particularly according to Bohr's atomic theory.

💡Electron

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They are crucial in determining the chemical properties of elements and play a significant role in chemical bonding. The video script discusses how electrons are arranged in shells or 'skins' around the atomic nucleus.

💡Proton

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They contribute to the atomic number of an element and thus determine the identity of the element. The video mentions protons as part of the atomic nucleus, which is central to Bohr's model of the atom.

💡Neutron

Neutrons are neutral subatomic particles that also reside in the nucleus of an atom. They have no charge and contribute to the mass of the atom. While the video does not delve deeply into neutrons, they are part of the atomic structure that influences the atom's properties.

💡Niels Bohr

Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who developed the Bohr model of the atom, which is a fundamental theory in quantum mechanics. The video script references Bohr's postulates, particularly his model of electrons occupying specific 'shells' or 'skins' around the atomic nucleus.

💡Shells or Skins

In the context of the Bohr model, shells or skins refer to the regions around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found. The video explains that electrons occupy these shells in a specific arrangement, which is determined by the quantum numbers.

💡Quantum Numbers

Quantum numbers are values that describe the state of an electron in an atom. They include the principal quantum number (n), which determines the electron's shell. The video script uses the principal quantum number to explain the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a particular shell.

💡Electron Configuration

Electron configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in an atom's shells. The video script provides examples of how to determine the electron configuration for various elements, such as carbon, neon, phosphorus, and calcium, using the rules of electron distribution in shells.

💡Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and play a key role in chemical bonding. The video script discusses how to determine the valence electrons for different elements, which is essential for understanding their reactivity and bonding properties.

💡Atomic Number

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms. It is used to identify elements and determine the total number of electrons in a neutral atom. The video script uses atomic numbers to discuss the electron configurations of various elements.

Highlights

Discussion on the atomic theory and the particles that make up atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Introduction to Niels Bohr's theory of electron arrangement in atomic shells.

Bohr's postulate that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific shells or energy levels.

Explanation of atomic structure with protons having positive charge and neutrons being neutral.

Electrons are distributed in shells around the nucleus, known as electron shells.

The concept of electron configuration according to Bohr's atomic theory.

The maximum number of electrons in the first shell (K shell) is calculated as 2n^2, where n=1.

For the second shell (L shell), the maximum number of electrons is 2n^2 with n=2, resulting in 8 electrons.

The third shell (M shell) can hold a maximum of 2n^2 electrons with n=3, totaling 18 electrons.

The fourth shell (N shell) can accommodate 32 electrons, calculated by 2n^2 with n=4.

Procedure to determine the electron configuration for elements like carbon with 6 electrons.

Carbon's electron configuration is 2 in the first shell and 4 in the second shell, written as 2-4.

Electron configuration for neon with 10 electrons: 2 in the first shell and 8 in the second shell, written as 2-8.

Phosphorus with 15 electrons has 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 5 in the third shell, written as 2-8-5.

Calcium with 20 electrons has 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 8 in the third, with 2 in the fourth shell, written as 2-8-8-2.

Bromine with 35 electrons has 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, 18 in the third, and 5 in the fourth shell, written as 2-8-18-5.

Introduction to valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell.

Carbon has 4 valence electrons in its outermost shell (second shell).

Neon has 8 valence electrons in its outermost shell (second shell).

Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons in its outermost shell (third shell).

Calcium has 2 valence electrons in its outermost shell (fourth shell).

Bromine has 5 valence electrons in its outermost shell (fourth shell).