Sejarah Republik Indonesia Serikat

Summary

The script recounts Indonesia's transition from a unitary state to a federal system, the United States of Indonesia, post-independence struggles. Established on December 27, 1949, following the Round Table Conference, it was a federation of states including the Republic of Indonesia and others like East Indonesia, Sumatra, and Java. Despite initial support, the federal system faced challenges, leading to a push for a return to a unitary republic. By February 1958, most states reintegrated, culminating in the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia on August 17, 1950, in favor of a unified Republic of Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of nationalism and unity.

Takeaways

• 📜 The script discusses the historical transition of Indonesia from a unitary state to a federal system, specifically the formation of the United States of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia Serikat).
• 🗓️ The United States of Indonesia was established on December 27, 1949, as a result of the Round Table Conference, which was a tripartite agreement between the Republic of Indonesia, the Dutch, and the Netherlands.
• 🌍 The establishment was witnessed by the United Nations Commission for Indonesia, signifying international recognition of the new federal state.
• 🏛️ The Dutch government transferred full sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia without conditions, acknowledging its independence and sovereignty.
• 🏞️ The federal system comprised seven states, including the Republic of Indonesia, East Indonesia, West Java, Central Java, South Sumatra, East Sumatra, and South East Sumatra, along with nine autonomous regions.
• 🏢 The federal structure was seen by some as a significant deviation from the original nationalist movement and the spirit of the Proclamation of Independence.
• 📜 The Constitution of the United States of Indonesia was adopted, which meant that the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia was only applicable to the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta.
• 🏛️ The federal system was parliamentary, contrasting with the presidential system outlined in the 1945 Constitution.
• 🤝 The United States was the first country to recognize the United States of Indonesia, followed by the UK, the Netherlands, and China.
• 🔄 The federal system was short-lived due to demands to return to a unitary state, reflecting the aspirations of the Proclamation of Independence and the desire for national unity.
• 🏛️ On August 17, 1950, the United States of Indonesia was officially dissolved, and Indonesia returned to being a unitary state, with the 1945 Constitution being reinstated as the provisional constitution.

Q & A

What significant change occurred in the Indonesian constitution during its post-independence struggles?

The significant change was the shift from a unitary state to a federal system, resulting in the formation of the United States of Indonesia.

When was the United States of Indonesia established?

The United States of Indonesia was established on December 27, 1949.

What was the outcome of the Round Table Conference in relation to Indonesia's sovereignty?

The Round Table Conference resulted in the Netherlands transferring full sovereignty over Indonesia to the United States of Indonesia without conditions and with no possibility of retraction, thereby recognizing Indonesia's independence.

How many states comprised the United States of Indonesia?

The United States of Indonesia was made up of seven states and nine autonomous regions.

Which regions were considered the most important among the states of the United States of Indonesia?

The most important regions included the Republic of Indonesia, East Indonesia, South Sumatra, and West Java.

How did the political system of Indonesia change with the establishment of the United States of Indonesia?

The political system shifted from a presidential system under the 1945 Constitution to a parliamentary system.

What was the role of the United Nations in the formation of the United States of Indonesia?

The United Nations Commission for Indonesia witnessed the agreement at the Round Table Conference, which led to the formation of the United States of Indonesia.

Who led the Indonesian delegation at the Round Table Conference, and when did they return to Yogyakarta?

The Indonesian delegation was led by Muhammad Hatta, and they returned to Yogyakarta on October 14, 1949.

What was the significance of the Constituent Assembly's meeting on November 14, 1947, in Jakarta?

The Constituent Assembly's meeting on November 14, 1947, in Jakarta was significant as representatives from all member states and the Indonesian government signed the Constitution of the United States of Indonesia.

Who became the first president of the United States of Indonesia, and when was he inaugurated?

Soekarno became the first president of the United States of Indonesia, and he was inaugurated on December 17, 1949.

What was the ultimate fate of the United States of Indonesia, and when did it dissolve?

The United States of Indonesia dissolved on August 17, 1950, reverting to a unitary state known as the Republic of Indonesia.