The Historical Foundation of Education in the Philippines Timeline (Selected Events)

RocoBabe's PPT

2 Mar 202105:17

Summary

TLDRThis presentation traces the evolution of education in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to modern reforms. It highlights the shift from vocational training to academic focus, the Spanish influence on education with a focus on Christian doctrines, the American period's introduction of democratic ideals and English language, the Japanese period's promotion of a new Filipino culture, and post-independence developments like the K-12 system aimed at enhancing global competitiveness. Key legislations like the Free Public Secondary Education Act and the Governance of Basic Education Act are also discussed.

Takeaways

🏡 Pre-colonial Philippine education focused on vocational training within the family and tribal structures.
📚 Spanish colonization introduced a formal education system prioritizing Spanish elites and religious teachings.
🌐 American period education emphasized democratic values and introduced English as the medium of instruction.
📈 Japanese occupation aimed to instill a new Filipino culture based on an oriental identity, using education as a tool for cultural assimilation.
🏛️ Executive Order No. 94 in 1947 restructured the Department of Instruction into the Department of Education, centralizing school supervision.
💼 Executive Order No. 189 in 1987 placed public secondary school teachers under the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports, with national funding for their salaries.
📖 Republic Act 6655 in 1988 mandated free public secondary education, enhancing accessibility for Filipino students.
🛠️ Republic Act 7323 in 1992 allowed students aged 15 to 25 to work during holidays, with a combined wage from employers and the government.
🔄 Republic Act 9155 in 2001 rebranded the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports to the Department of Education, streamlining its focus.
🎓 The K-12 system introduced in 2013 aimed to enhance Filipino students' skills in math, science, and language to better compete in the global job market.

Q & A

What was the primary form of education before 1521 in the Philippines?
-Before 1521, during the pre-colonial period, children in the Philippines were provided more vocational training and less academics in their houses by their parents and tribal tutors.
What was the unique system of education operating in the pre-colonial Philippines?
-The unique system of education operating in the pre-colonial Philippines was known as the 'bali-bali' system.
How did the Spanish period influence the education system in the Philippines?
-During the Spanish period, a complete system of education was founded, comprising elementary, secondary, and college levels, with a priority on Spanish elites. Education was mostly carried out by religious orders, focusing on Christian doctrines.
What significant changes were introduced during the American period of Philippine education?
-During the American period, democratic ideas and the English language were promoted. New subject areas were introduced, including reading, writing, arithmetic, language, good manners, civics, hygiene, sanitation, gardening, domestic science, American history, and Philippine history.
What was the aim of education during the Japanese period in the Philippines?
-During the Japanese period, the aim of education was to foster a new Filipino culture based on the self-consciousness of the people as orientals, serving as another oppressing language on the Filipinos.
What was the main change in the education department as per Executive Order No. 94 in 1947?
-By Executive Order No. 94 in 1947, the Department of Instruction was changed to the Department of Education, and the regulation and supervision of public and private schools were assigned to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.
What was the impact of Executive Order No. 189 in 1987 on public secondary school teachers?
-Executive Order No. 189 in 1987 placed all public secondary school teachers under the administrative supervision and control of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports. Their basic salaries and cost of living allowances were to be paid by the national government.
What did Republic Act 6655 mandate in 1988?
-Republic Act 6655, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, mandated free public secondary education, commencing in the school year 1988-1989.
What provision did Republic Act 7323 make for students aged 15 to 25?
-Republic Act 7323 provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during Christmas and summer vacation with a salary not lower than the minimum wage, with 60 percent of the wage paid by the employer and 40 percent by the government.
How did Republic Act 9155 change the education system in the Philippines in 2001?
-Republic Act 9155, passed in 2001, transformed the name of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports to the Department of Education, aiming to improve governance of basic education.
What is the goal of the K-12 system introduced in the Philippines in 2013?
-The K-12 system, introduced in 2013, aims to improve Filipino students' skills in mathematics, science, and linguistics to further exhibit competence in the global job market. The new curriculum promises higher quality education through the strengths of the Department of Education.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Historical Overview of Philippine Education

The script provides a timeline of the historical development of education in the Philippines. Before 1521, during the pre-colonial period, children received vocational training at home or from tribal tutors using a unique system known as 'by buying.' In 1521, the Spanish introduced a complete system of education, initially prioritizing Spanish elites and later establishing girls' education. Education during this period was mostly religious, focusing on Christian doctrines. The American period, starting in 1898, promoted democratic ideals and used English as the medium of instruction, introducing new subjects like hygiene and civics. The Japanese period, from 1943, aimed to foster a new Filipino culture based on oriental consciousness. In 1947, the Department of Instruction was renamed the Department of Education, which regulated public and private schools. In 1987, Executive Order 189 placed public secondary school teachers under the Department of Education, with the national government paying their salaries. Republic Act 6655 in 1988 mandated free public secondary education. Republic Act 7323 in 1992 allowed students aged 15 to 25 to work during vacations with government-subsidized wages. In 2001, the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports was renamed the Department of Education. The K-12 system introduced in 2013 aimed to enhance students' skills in mathematics, science, and linguistics to compete in the global job market, promising higher quality education.

05:02

👋 Closing Remarks on Philippine Education History

This paragraph serves as the conclusion to the video script, where the presenter, Russell Rocco, reiterates the topic of the historical foundation of education in the Philippines and bids farewell to the audience, wishing them a good day.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Vocational Training

Vocational training refers to education that prepares individuals for specific trades or crafts. In the context of the video, it highlights that before 1521, during the pre-colonial period in the Philippines, children received more practical, job-related training rather than formal academic education. This was done within the household and by tribal tutors, emphasizing the importance of learning skills directly applicable to their future work.

💡Pre-Colonial Period

The pre-colonial period refers to the time before foreign colonization, specifically before 1521 in the Philippines. The video mentions that during this era, education was more focused on vocational training within the household, reflecting the indigenous approach to learning that was community and family-oriented.

💡Spanish Period

The Spanish Period in the Philippines began with the arrival of Spanish explorers in 1521 and lasted until 1898. The video describes how this era marked the establishment of a complete education system, with a focus on Spanish elites and Christian doctrines. It was also a time when education was primarily carried out by religious orders, reflecting the Spanish influence on the country's educational and cultural development.

💡American Period

The American Period in the Philippines started in 1898 and continued until 1946. As mentioned in the video, this era saw the promotion of democratic ideals and the use of English as a medium of instruction. The curriculum expanded to include subjects like civics, hygiene, and history, indicating a shift towards a more liberal and diverse educational approach.

💡Japanese Period

The Japanese Period in the Philippines lasted from 1942 to 1945, during World War II. The video notes that education during this time aimed to foster a new Filipino culture based on an oriental identity, which was used as a tool of oppression by the Japanese occupiers. This period was marked by an attempt to reshape the cultural and educational landscape of the country.

💡Department of Education

The Department of Education is the government body responsible for the regulation and supervision of the educational system in the Philippines. The video outlines the evolution of this department, from the Department of Instruction to its current form, and how it has overseen significant educational reforms such as the K-12 system.

💡K-12 System

The K-12 System refers to the educational program in the Philippines that extends basic education to 12 years, adding two years of senior high school. Introduced in 2013, as mentioned in the video, the system aims to improve students' skills in mathematics, science, and linguistics, preparing them for the global job market and offering a higher quality of education.

💡Republic Act 6655

Republic Act 6655, known as the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, is a significant legislation mentioned in the video. It mandated free public secondary education, starting from the school year 1988-1989, making education more accessible to a broader segment of the population.

💡Republic Act 7323

Republic Act 7323, enacted in 1992, is another key legislation highlighted in the video. It allowed students aged 15 to 25 to be employed during Christmas and summer vacations, with a wage structure that included both employer and government contributions. This act aimed to provide financial support to students while they pursued their education.

💡Governance of Basic Education Act

The Governance of Basic Education Act, or Republic Act 9155, passed in 2001, is noted in the video for transforming the name of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports to the Department of Education. This act signifies a focus on the governance and management of the basic education system in the Philippines.

💡Civics

Civics is the study of the rights and duties of citizens, which was introduced as a subject during the American Period. The video indicates that the inclusion of civics in the curriculum was part of the broader educational reform aimed at fostering democratic values and an understanding of the political system among students.

Highlights

Before 1521, children in the Philippines received vocational training at home and from tribal tutors.

The unique system of education known as 'biling' was in operation during the pre-colonial period.

In 1521, the Spanish period marked the founding of a complete system of education in the Philippines.

Spanish elites were prioritized in education during the Spanish period.

Girls' education was slow to be established during the Spanish period.

Religious orders dominated education during the Spanish period, focusing on Christian doctrines.

In 1898, the American period introduced democratic ideas and the English language as a medium of instruction.

New subject areas were introduced during the American period, including hygiene, gardening, and history.

The Japanese period in 1943 aimed to foster a new Filipino culture based on oriental consciousness.

Executive Order No. 94 in 1947 changed the Department of Instruction to the Department of Education.

In 1987, Executive Order No. 189 placed public secondary school teachers under the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports.

Republic Act 6655 in 1988 mandated free public secondary education starting in the 1988-1989 school year.

Republic Act 7323 in 1992 allowed students aged 15 to 25 to be employed during holidays with government support.

In 2001, the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports was renamed to the Department of Education.

The K-12 system introduced in 2013 aimed to improve Filipino students' skills in mathematics, science, and linguistics.

The new curriculum under the K-12 system promised higher quality education through the strengths of the Department of Education.