Sejarah Kalimantan VS Jawa - Di Masa MAJAPAHIT pada abad ke 14 Masehi
Summary
TLDRThis video explores the historical relationship between the Majapahit Empire and the Kingdom of Tanjungpura in Borneo. Drawing from various historical sources, including inscriptions and ancient texts, it discusses how Bakulapura evolved into Tanjungpura and its political ties with Majapahit. The video highlights the strategic marriage alliances, tributes, and regional cooperation that characterized their interactions. It also touches on the decline of these relations and subsequent attacks by Javanese rulers, providing a comprehensive look into the complex historical dynamics of the era.
Takeaways
- 📜 The script discusses the historical relationship between the Majapahit Empire and the region of Borneo, specifically with the Kingdom of Tanjungpura and Sukadana.
- 🏰 The region of Bakulapura, which later became known as Tanjungpura, maintained a connection with Java even after the fall of the Singasari dynasty.
- 👑 King Kertanegara of Singasari is noted for having a political vision that extended beyond Java, as evidenced by Mpu Prapanca's account in the Negarakertagama.
- 🛡 Majapahit's Mahapatih Gajah Mada reclaimed the region for Majapahit, as supported by the Sumpah Amukti Palapa.
- 🌴 Tanjungpura was considered part of the broader Kalimantan region under Majapahit's influence, as described in historical texts and inscriptions.
- 🏝️ The script mentions various regions and kingdoms on the island of Borneo that were under Majapahit's sphere of influence, including Kapuas, Katingan, and others.
- 🤝 The relationship between Kalimantan and Java fluctuated, with political ties being reestablished by the Majapahit ruler Wijaya after the fall of Singasari.
- 🏛️ A prasasti from the Hayam Wuruk period may detail the political marriage alliances between Majapahit and Tanjungpura, indicating a strategic alliance.
- 📝 The Prasasti Waringin Pitu, dated 1447, lists Tanjungpura as one of the 14 Nagari under the Majapahit's dominion, highlighting its significance.
- 🧳 Archaeological and historical sources, including Chinese records from the Ming Dynasty, corroborate the existence of a vibrant regional network with Majapahit at its center.
Q & A
What is the focus of the video transcript?
-The video focuses on the historical relationship between the Majapahit Empire and the Kingdom of Tanjungpura (Borneo), based on various historical records, including Chinese, European, and Majapahit inscriptions.
What does the term 'Bakulapura' refer to in the context of the transcript?
-Bakulapura was the name of a region in Borneo during the Singasari period, which later became known as Tanjungpura during the Majapahit era.
Who was Kertanegara, and what was his contribution to expanding Java's influence?
-Kertanegara was a king of Singasari, the first Javanese ruler to focus on expanding beyond Java. He initiated the Pamalayu Expedition, which aimed to extend Javanese influence over neighboring regions, including Bakulapura (Tanjungpura).
What role did Gajah Mada play in Majapahit’s control over Tanjungpura?
-Gajah Mada, Majapahit's prime minister, helped reassert Majapahit’s control over Tanjungpura as part of his ambition to unify the entire archipelago under Majapahit rule. This was tied to his famous Sumpah Palapa (Palapa Oath).
What does the Negarakertagama say about Tanjungpura?
-In the Negarakertagama, Tanjungpura is used to refer to the entire island of Borneo, indicating that the region was under Majapahit’s influence.
What regions on the island of Tanjungpura (Borneo) were mentioned in the Negarakertagama?
-The Negarakertagama mentions regions such as Kapuas, Katingan, Sampit, Lingga, Kotawaringin, Sabah, Lawai, and several others as part of Majapahit’s influence.
What political shift occurred between the time of Singasari and Majapahit regarding Tanjungpura?
-After the fall of Singasari in 1222, political ties with Tanjungpura weakened, but the Majapahit Empire, under Raden Wijaya, later re-established control over the region.
How did political marriages play a role in Majapahit’s relationship with Tanjungpura?
-A political marriage between a Majapahit ruler and a princess from Tanjungpura is believed to have solidified ties between the two regions, marking an early form of alliance through marriage.
What is the significance of the Waringin Pitu inscription in relation to Tanjungpura?
-The Waringin Pitu inscription from 1447 mentions Tanjungpura as one of 14 regions under the Majapahit royal family’s control, highlighting its importance within the empire.
How did Tanjungpura's relationship with Java change in later periods?
-In later periods, Tanjungpura was attacked by rulers from Java, such as Adipati Unus of the Demak Sultanate, indicating shifting political dynamics between Java and Borneo after Majapahit’s decline.
Outlines
📜 Historical Relations: Majapahit and Tanjungpura
The video script discusses the historical relationship between the Majapahit empire and the region of Borneo, particularly focusing on the kingdom of Tanjungpura. It cites various historical sources, including inscriptions from Majapahit and accounts from Chinese and European manuscripts. The script highlights the area known as Bakulapura during the Singasari era, which later became associated with Tanjungpura. According to historian Dwi Cahyono, Bakulapura is considered the embryonic form of the Tanjungpura kingdom. The script also references the political vision of King Kertanegara of Singasari, who is noted for his extra-Javanese outlook, as documented by Mpu Prapanca in the Negarakertagama. The era of Majapahit's Mahapatih Gajah Mada is mentioned, where he reclaimed the region for Majapahit, as evidenced by the Sumpah Amukti Palapa. The script further explores the political and marital alliances between Majapahit and Tanjungpura, suggesting a historical connection through intermarriage and the acknowledgment of Majapahit's authority over various regions, including Tanjungpura.
🏰 Hierarchical Control and Regional Tributes
This paragraph delves into the hierarchical governance of the 14 Nagari mentioned in the Waringin Pitu inscription, which were under the control of various rulers. It discusses the role of Raja Majapahit and the local rulers known as Paduka Utara, who were likely relatives of the royal family. The script mentions that the ruler of Tanjungpura was titled Wardani nadyazura karir, while other sources suggest that the ruler was a descendant of Dyah kertawijaya. The paragraph also touches on the historical records from China's Ming Dynasty, which referred to the region as Bunyi or Borneo, and the Kidung Harsawijaya, which lists Tanjungpura among the 11 Nagari under Majapahit's influence. The script explains that the tributes sent from these regions to Majapahit were not only a sign of submission but also an indication of a mutually beneficial regional cooperation. It contrasts the medieval understanding of these relationships with modern notions of colonialism and concludes with historical accounts of conflicts, such as the attacks on Tanjungpura by Javanese rulers, as documented by Tom Prize in his book 'Suma Oriental'.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Majapahit
💡Borneo
💡Tanjungpura
💡Singasari
💡Kertanegara
💡Mpu Prapanca
💡Negarakertagama
💡Gajah Mada
💡Pramana
💡Waringin Pitu
💡Kidung Harsawijaya
Highlights
Discussing the relationship between Majapahit and Borneo, specifically with the Kingdom of Tanjungpura and Sukadana.
The article is sourced from historical literature, including inscriptions from Majapahit, Chinese, and European manuscripts.
Bakulapura, a region that maintained connections with Java through different historical periods.
Dwi Cahyono suggests Bakulapura as the embryonic form of the Kingdom of Tanjungpura.
Kertanegara, a king of Singasari, had a political vision beyond Java, as reported by Mpu Prapanca.
During Majapahit's era under Mahapatih Gajah Mada, the region was reclaimed for Majapahit, as evidenced by the Sumpah Amukti Palapa.
Tanjungpura was used to refer to the whole of Kalimantan during the Majapahit era.
Mpu Prapanca documented various regions on the island of Tanjung, acknowledging their submission to Majapahit's power.
The fluctuating relationship between Kalimantan and Java since the time of Kertanegara.
Dwi Cahyono explains the political relationship between Singasari and Tanjungpura ended with the fall of Singasari in 1222 CE.
A prasasti from the era of Hayam Wuruk might detail the political processes of re-engagement with Tanjungpura.
Sri Kertarajasa's reign saw the inclusion of Bali, Melayu, Madura, and Tanjungpura under Majapahit's influence.
The marriage alliance between Majapahit and Tanjungpura is suggested through a prasasti, indicating a political bond.
Tanjungpura was recognized as one of the 14 Nagari under Majapahit's umbrella in the Waringin Pitu prasasti from 1447 CE.
Archaeologist Jakfar explains the hierarchical control of the 14 Nagari under various rulers, with the Raja Majapahit at the top.
According to Prasasti Waringin Pitu, the ruler in Tanjungpura was titled Wardani, indicating a high status.
Chinese historical sources, like the Ming Dynasty records, referred to the region as Bunyi, or Borneo.
The Kidung Harsawijaya poem also places Tanjungpura among the 11 Nagari under Majapahit's rule.
Slamet Muljana differentiates the 14th-century concept of regional power from modern colonialism.
Hasan Jafar argues that the relationships with other Nusantara kingdoms were mutually beneficial regional collaborations.
Tom Prize's 'Suma Oriental' records several Javanese attacks on Tanjungpura, including one led by Adipati Unus.
Transcripts
[Musik]
hai hai
[Musik]
saudara pemirsa pada kali ini kita akan
membahas tentang hubungan Majapahit di
Borneo khususnya dengan Kerajaan
Tanjungpura ra Sukadana artikel ini
bersumber dari beberapa literatur
sejarah diantaranya dari laman Historia
yang ditulis oleh HP saheda Putri yang
bersumber dari beberapa prasasti
Majapahit serta naskah Cina dan Eropa
Selamat menyaksikan
[Musik]
[Tepuk tangan]
[Musik]
bakulapura demikian nama daerah itu pada
masa Singasari kelak pada masa Majapahit
dan seterusnya wilayah itu masih punya
hubungan dengan Jawa namanya bukan lagi
bakulapura melainkan Tanjungpura menurut
Dwi Cahyono seorang dosen sejarah dari
Universitas Negeri Malang berpendapat
bahwa bakulapura merupakan embrio dari
Kerajaan Tanjungpura
diantara raja-raja Singasari Kertanegara
adalah raja yang pertama memiliki
pandangan politik keluar Jawa Hal ini
berdasarkan dari laporan Mpu Prapanca
dalam kakawin Negarakertagama
bakulapura menjadi salah satu negeri
yang ditunjukkan sang prabu Kertanegara
dalam sebuah ekspedisi yang dinamai
dengan Ekspedisi Pamalayu
[Musik]
pada era Majapahit Mahapatih Gajah Mada
merebut kembali keberadaan wilayah ini
dalam kekuasaan Majapahit yang
dibuktikan dengan Sumpah Amukti Palapa
yang ia ucapkan
dalam Negarakertagama Tanjungpura
tampaknya digunakan untuk menyebut
seluruh Pulau Kalimantan pada saat ini
Pulau itu Agatha kan sebagai salah satu
wilayah yang tunduk pada Kekuasaan
Majapahit
[Musik]
Prapanca menuliskan bahwa negara-negara
di Pulau Tanjung negara seperti Kapuas
Katingan Tengah Sampit di kota Lingga
enggak Kotawaringin Sabah Bah lawai
kadang-kadang Nah landak sama dangdang
dan Tirem tak terlupakan juga gajiannya
shedu barune kalah Kakak saludung solot
dan juga pasir Barito sawahku Tabalong
Tanjung Kutai malah non di Pulau
Tanjungpura
demikianlah yang disebutkan dalam pupuk
14 kakawin Negarakertagama oleh mpu
Prapanca
selanjutnya hubungan Kalimantan dan Jawa
mengalami pasang surut Sejak pertama
kali diincar oleh Kertanegara
[Musik]
Dwi Cahyono mengatakan perpolitikan
antara Singasari dan Tanjungpura ikut
bubar dengan berakhirnya kerajaan
Singasari pada tahun 1222 masehi maka
akan itu di masa Majapahit Wijaya yang
menjadi peletak batu pertama mencapai
harus kembali menggandeng Negeri
Tanjungpura
Hai ada sebuah prasasti dari masa
cicitnya Hayam Wuruk yang mungkin
menceritakan prosesnya disebutkan di
sana Jika Sri kertarajasa
jayawardhana anantawikrama otunuga
memiliki empat permaisuri
prasasti tersebut menyebutkan empat
permaisurinya setara dengan Dewi Dewi
Dewi yang menyebar di Pulau Bali Melayu
Ayu Madura dan Tanjungpura demikianlah
Salah satu isi dalam satu prasasti
Majapahit di masa itu
menurut Dwi Cahyono dari Prasasti itu
tersirat bahwa pada masa pemerintahan
Sri kertarajasa kekuasaan Majapahit
meliputi Bali Melayu Madura dan
Tanjungpura untuk merangkul wilayah itu
menantu Kertanegara kemungkinan mengikat
perkawinan politik dengan putri dari
Tanjungpura dengan demikian semenjak
awal Majapahit diperkirakan telah lahir
generasi buah perkawinan antara penguasa
Majapahit
Putri Tanjungpura
hal itu bisa dimaklumi ketika melihat
nama Tanjungpura disebutkan dalam sebuah
prasasti Waringin Pitu yakni di masa
Dyah kertawijaya pada tahun 1447 masehi
Tanjungpura adalah salah satu dari 14
Nagari yang berada di bawah girindra
atau keluarga besar dari Majapahit di
masa itu
[Musik]
seorang arkeolog asal Jakfar menjelaskan
bahwa 14 Nagari yang disebutkan dalam
prasasti itu berada di bawah kendali
sejumlah penguasa secara hirarki Mereka
ada di bawah Raja Majapahit adapun yang
berkuasa disana adalah para kerabat raja
yang disebut sebagai Paduka Utara arah
[Musik]
masih menurut ndak far bahwa Berdasarkan
Prasasti Waringin Pitu raja di daerah
Tanjung Pura adalah menggelar Wardani
nadyazura karir Ini sementara dalam
serat pararaton dijelaskan bahwa Breath
anjung pura adalah anak dari Breath
Tumapel yakni Dyah kertawijaya
[Musik]
I
will Ayah yang berkaitan dengan
Tanjungpura juga diberitakan dalam
sumber Tiongkok seperti sejarah Dinasti
Ming wilayah itu disebut sebagai Bunyi
atau Borneo keterangan itu mirip dengan
pernyataan dalam kidung harsawijaya
bahwa Tanjungpura ada diantara 11 Nagari
yang tunduk dibawah Majapahit
sangat luas dan juga takluk berbakti
terutama balibali fatal Tatum masih
samping koci dan Gurun awan dan dan
Tanjungpura ular apalagi dompo Palembang
Makassar datang bersama-sama dengan
persembahan segala isi nagaria
demikianlah disebutkan dalam sebuah
kidung harsawijaya
[Musik]
menurut Slamet muljana pengertian daerah
pada abad ke-14 berbeda dengan
pengertian koloni pada masa modern
persembahan upeti yang tak banyak
nilainya dari daerah tertentu kepada
Majapahit sudah dapat dianggap sebagai
bukti pengakuan kekuasaan dari Majapahit
namun menurut Hasan Jafar sebagaimana
disebutkan dalam Negarakertagama bahwa
hubungan yang terjalin dengan
kerajaan-kerajaan lain di nusantara
merupakan kerjasama regional yang saling
menguntungkan
negara Kertagama menyebut daerah di
nusantara waktu itu merupakan daerah
yang dilindungi oleh Sri Maharaja
Majapahit
Kendati begitu pada masa yang lebih
modern lewat catatan dari Tom prize
yakni dalam bukunya suma oriental
diketahui bahwa Tanjungpura beberapa
kali diserang oleh penguasa Jawa salah
satunya adalah Adipati Unus yakni
penerus dari Raden Fatah dari Kesultanan
Demak yang dicatatkan oleh Tom Prize
dari penguasa Fandi Jepara
demikianlah kisah sejarah hubungan
antara Majapahit dan Kerajaan
Tanjungpura disuka dana untuk saksi
sejarah berikutnya Anda dapat
menikmatinya di channel Qayyum TV Terima
kasih telah menyaksikan tayangan ini
sampai jumpa dan salam budaya pecinta
[Musik]
[Musik]
[Musik]
I
[Musik]
love you
[Musik]
Hai Sayangku
muach membuatmu
[Musik]
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