How European Settlement Happened in the Deep South

Summary

This script explores the establishment of the Deep South colonies in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. It highlights the impact of England's civil war on colonization, the Restoration period under Charles II, and the division of Carolina into North and South due to social and political differences. The script also discusses the founding of Georgia by James Oglethorpe in 1733 as a buffer colony, its role as a haven for debtors, and the challenges it faced due to climate and Spanish threat.

Takeaways

• 🏰 The Deep South refers to the southernmost region of the United States, including North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
• 👑 English colonization of the Deep South was delayed due to a civil war in England, which lasted for about 30 years.
• ⚔️ Oliver Cromwell led a rebellion that resulted in the execution of King Charles I, and he ruled England from 1649 to 1660.
• 👑 Charles II, son of Charles I, came to power in 1660, marking the Restoration Period and the resumption of colonization efforts.
• 🌾 The Carolina colony was initially a single entity founded in 1670, known for its rice cultivation and significant slave trade.
• 🔄 The Carolina colony split into North and South Carolina due to social and economic differences, with North Carolina becoming a haven for outcasts and squatters.
• 🏛️ Charleston, originally known as Charles Town, emerged as a major seaport in the South due to its economic activities.
• 🏰 The Georgia colony was established in 1733 by James Oglethorpe to serve as a buffer between the Protestants of South Carolina and the Catholics of the Spanish Empire.
• 🚫 Initially, Georgia prohibited slavery and was a refuge for debtors, reflecting Oglethorpe's vision of a safe haven for those in debt.
• 🌡️ The Georgia colony was the least populous due to its humid climate, slow growth, and the restrictions on slavery that were later lifted.

Q & A

What is the significance of the 'deep south' in the context of European settlement?

The 'deep south' refers to the southernmost region of the original Thirteen Colonies, specifically North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. It was settled later than other colonies primarily due to the disruption caused by the English Civil War.

Why was colonization disrupted for about 30 years in England?

Colonization was disrupted due to the English Civil War, which led to the beheading of King Charles I in 1649 by Oliver Cromwell, who then ruled England until 1658. This period halted colonization efforts.

What is the Restoration Period, and when did it occur?

The Restoration Period refers to the time when Charles II, son of the beheaded King Charles I, came to power in 1660, marking the resumption of colonization efforts in England after a 30-year hiatus.

Who founded the Carolina Colony and in what year?

The Carolina Colony was founded in 1670 by eight friends of the King of England, known as the Lords Proprietors.

What was the economic focus of the Carolina Colony, and how did it relate to slavery?

The Carolina Colony focused on growing rice and had a significant slave trade with the West Indies, involving the enslavement and mistreatment of indigenous people.

Why did the Carolina Colony eventually split into North and South Carolina?

The split occurred due to social and economic differences between the aristocratic southern part and the northern part, which was inhabited by outcasts and squatters who wanted to live independently from the aristocracy.

What was the role of the Protestant First Families of Virginia in the context of the Carolina Colony?

The Protestant First Families of Virginia, an elite land aristocracy, controlled much of Virginia's land and government. The outcasts who moved to the northern part of Carolina were in contrast to these families, often lacking in religion and being more hospitable to pirates.

When and by whom was the Georgia Colony founded, and what was its initial purpose?

The Georgia Colony was founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe. Its initial purpose was to serve as a buffer between the Protestants of South Carolina and the Catholics of the Spanish Empire.

What were the unique characteristics of the Georgia Colony in terms of religion and slavery?

The Georgia Colony was a melting pot of Protestant Christian religions, with the exception of Catholicism, and early on, it did not allow slavery. It was also intended to be a safe haven for debtors.

Why was the Georgia Colony the least populous and slowest growing among the colonies?

The Georgia Colony was the least populous and slowest growing due to its humid climate, restrictions on slavery, and the perceived threat from the Spanish Empire, making it less attractive for settlers.

Outlines

00:00

🏰 European Settlement in the Deep South

This paragraph discusses the late settlement of the Deep South, which includes North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The colonization was delayed due to the English Civil War, which lasted for about 30 years after King Charles I was beheaded in 1649. Oliver Cromwell took power and ruled until 1660, when Charles II restored the monarchy and colonization resumed, marking the Restoration Period. The Carolina colony was established in 1670 by eight friends of King Charles II, initially as one entity before splitting into North and South Carolina. The colony was known for its rice production and significant slave trade with the West Indies. The division of the Carolina colony was influenced by the differences between the aristocrats and the outcasts, who eventually settled in the northern parts, leading to the formation of distinct colonies.

05:02

🏞️ Division of Carolina and Formation of Georgia

The second paragraph delves into the reasons behind the division of the Carolina colony into North and South Carolina in 1712. The aristocrats of Virginia and the southern part of the Carolina colony wanted to distance themselves from the outcasts and squatters in the northern part, who were known for their lack of religion, hospitality to pirates, and resistance to authority. The FFVs (First Families of Virginia), including the Fitz Hughes and Washingtons, were an elite land aristocracy that controlled Virginia's land and government. The division allowed the aristocrats to maintain their plantation lifestyle while the outcasts could live freely in North Carolina. The Georgia colony was established in 1733 by James Oglethorpe as a buffer between the Protestants of South Carolina and the Catholics of the Spanish Empire. It was intended to be a safe haven for debtors and initially had a policy against slavery. The colony was a melting pot of various Protestant groups and was known for its humid climate and slow population growth.

10:03

🌤️ Climate and Demographics of Georgia Colony

The final paragraph addresses the challenges and demographics of the Georgia colony. It was the least populous of the colonies due to its humid climate, which made it difficult to live in, especially during the summer. The restrictions on slavery and the threat from the Spanish Empire also deterred people from settling there. However, the colony served as a safe haven for debtors, as it was not overcrowded and offered freedom from debt-related imprisonment. The paragraph concludes with a brief mention of the modern-day states that make up the area of the former Georgia colony.

Keywords

💡European settlement

European settlement refers to the establishment of colonies by European powers in the Americas. In the video, this term is used to describe the process by which the colonies in the deep south, such as North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, were founded. The video explains that the deep south was settled later than other colonies due to civil unrest in England, which disrupted colonization efforts for about 30 years.

💡Deep South

The Deep South is a term used to describe the southernmost states in the United States, particularly those that were part of the Confederacy during the American Civil War. In the script, it is mentioned that the Deep South includes North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, and it highlights the unique history and development of these regions, including their late colonization and the influence of different social classes.

💡Restoration Period

The Restoration Period refers to the era in English history when the monarchy was restored under King Charles II after the period of the Commonwealth. The video script explains that this period, starting in 1660, marked the resumption of colonization efforts in the Americas, which had been halted due to the English Civil War and the rule of Oliver Cromwell.

💡Carolina Colony

The Carolina Colony was a British colony in North America, established in 1670. It initially included both present-day North and South Carolina. The video discusses how the colony was founded by eight friends of King Charles II and how it was eventually split into two separate colonies due to social and political differences between the northern and southern regions.

💡Charles Town

Charles Town, now known as Charleston, was the original name of the city in the Carolina Colony. It was an important seaport and became a center for the slave trade and rice cultivation. The video mentions Charles Town as an example of how the economic activities of the Carolina Colony were influenced by its geography and the social structure of its inhabitants.

💡Aristocrats

Aristocrats are members of the nobility or upper class, often owning large estates and wielding significant political power. In the context of the video, the term is used to describe the wealthy landowners in the southern part of the Carolina Colony who had a significant influence on the region's politics and economy. Their desire for a separate colony from the 'outcasts' and 'squatters' in the north led to the division of the Carolina Colony.

💡Outcasts

Outcasts in the video refer to individuals who did not belong to the upper-class or aristocratic society of Virginia and the southern part of the Carolina Colony. These people moved to the northern part of the Carolina Colony to escape the influence of the aristocracy and to live more freely. Their presence and behavior contributed to the eventual division of the Carolina Colony.

💡Squatters

Squatters are individuals who occupy land without legal ownership or permission. The video describes how squatters in the northern part of the Carolina Colony resisted eviction when the land was officially colonized. They, along with the outcasts, formed a group that was distinct from the aristocratic society and contributed to the division of the colony.

💡First Families of Virginia (FFVs)

The First Families of Virginia (FFVs) were early English settlers in Virginia who became an elite land-owning aristocracy. The video mentions that these families, such as the Fitzhughs and the Washingtons, controlled much of Virginia's land and government. Their influence and the desire to distance themselves from the outcasts and squatters in the Carolina Colony played a role in the division of the Carolina Colony.

💡Georgia Colony

The Georgia Colony was founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe as a buffer between the Protestants of South Carolina and the Catholics of the Spanish Empire. The video explains that the colony was intended to be a safe haven for debtors and was initially a melting pot of various Protestant groups. It also highlights the colony's initial ban on slavery and its slow growth due to the challenging climate and the Spanish threat.

💡Debt

In the context of the video, debt refers to the financial obligations that individuals had, which could lead to imprisonment if not repaid. James Oglethorpe's vision for the Georgia Colony included providing a refuge for debtors, allowing them to start anew and live without the threat of imprisonment. This aspect of the colony's founding principles is highlighted as a significant factor in its early population and social structure.

Highlights

European settlement in the Deep South, specifically North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, happened later than other colonies due to a civil war in England.

The English Civil War, which began in 1649 with the beheading of King Charles I and the rise of Oliver Cromwell, halted colonization for about 30 years.

Colonization resumed in 1660 during the Restoration period when Charles II, son of the beheaded Charles I, ascended to the throne.

Carolina was originally one large colony, founded in 1670 by eight friends of the King of England at Charles Town, now known as Charleston.

Charleston became the busiest seaport in the South, with a significant slave trade with the West Indies.

Carolina eventually split into North and South Carolina in 1712 due to differences between the aristocrats and lower-class settlers.

The division was driven by social tensions between the wealthy aristocrats in Virginia and the outcasts and squatters who settled in the northern part of Carolina.

The First Families of Virginia (FFVs) were an elite land aristocracy, including the Washingtons, who controlled much of Virginia's land and government.

Outcasts and squatters in northern Carolina were known for lacking religion, being hospitable to pirates, and resisting authority.

The Georgia Colony, founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe, was intended to serve as a buffer between the Protestant South Carolina elite and the Catholic Spanish Empire.

Georgia was a melting pot community with German Lutherans, Scottish Highlanders, and other Protestant groups, where all Christian religions except Catholicism were tolerated.

Slavery was initially illegal in Georgia, and it was a safe haven for debtors.

Georgia was the least populous of the colonies, growing slowly due to its humid climate and the Spanish threat.

The restrictions on slavery in Georgia eventually changed, but the colony remained a less desirable location for settlement.

James Oglethorpe, regarded as one of the most generous people of his time, established Georgia with a focus on providing safety for debtors.

Transcripts

okay this is how European settlement

happened in the deep south the last of

the settlement tutorials that were

taking a look at and as you can tell by

the name when we talk about the deep

south we're talking about the color

purple or whatever color you want to

call that which would be right down here

the deep south being North Carolina

South Carolina and the final colony to

take place or come into existence

Georgia

now the deep south actually settled its

territory quite a bit later than a lot

of the other colonies were settled

primarily because a civil war in England

had disrupted colonization for about 30

years what had happened was that King

Charles had been beheaded by his people

who were led in rebellion by Oliver

Cromwell in

1649 now as a result of the beheading of

King Charles and the fact that Oliver

Cromwell led the rebellion well in 1649

when Charles was beheaded oliver

cromwell became became the king of

england and ruled there for ten years

from 1649 to sixteen

which led to charles ii who was the son

of the beheaded charles the first

coming to power in 1660 now at that

point

there was no real colonization going on

they were so messed up with all the

civil war issues that they had happening

that essentially colonisation came to a

dead stop but colonization would be

restored at the point of charles ii

taking power in 1660 and that is known

underlying this in your outline very

important for AP US history this is

known as the restoration period and

again it's when charles ii the son of

the beheaded king charles the first came

to power in 1660 with oliver cromwell

ruling for 10 years in between

so after decades essentially through 30

years three solid decades of really no

colonization because of the civil or

issues

colonization is restored in 1660 and

that's what the restoration period means

that they're going to start colonizing

again so that takes us to

Colony of Carolina back then it wasn't

North Carolina and South Carolina it was

just simply one big colony called

Carolina founded in 1670 by eight

friends of the King of England at

Charles Town back then it was two

separate words Charles Town today we

simply refer to it as Charleston there

they grew rice they had big slave trade

with the or had a big slave trade with

the West Indies the Caribbean in other

words and they enslaved and tortured

Indians Charlestown once again now known

as Charleston would eventually become

the busiest seaport in the south

okay now if you take a look here this is

what the Carolina colony looked like

before it eventually split into North

and South Carolina and the reason for

the split was frankly pretty easy to

understand

and eventually now I guess I'll put it

to you this way in this region of the

Carolina colony in the South part we're

a series of aristocrats people who had

wealthy homes a lot of land a minority

land owning and ruling class up here in

Virginia you had the same but you also

had groups of people in both regions who

really didn't belong in that class they

were not considered upper-class they

were not considered educated they were

not considered

aristocratic so you know things would

eventually change

and you'd see Carolina eventually

divided up into North and South but

before we get to that point let's let's

take a look at this here's what you

eventually have you have the aristocrats

from Virginia and you have outcasts

living there who didn't belong in that

class and frankly the outcasts were

getting kind of sick of the aristocrats

of Virginia so this lower class of

people was moving down here and getting

away from the Virginia Colony they

settled in the northern parts of

Carolina and wanted to just live lives

free the way they wanted to live them

also in the northern parts of California

were squatters people who were just

living there before it had even become a

colony well when it did become a colony

they were told that they had to get out

but they really didn't want to get out

and as a result they stayed even though

they had no legal right to the property

the aristocrats of the week of the

region just referred to them as riffraff

and the aristocrats of the southern part

of the Carolina colony viewed them in

the same way but where did that leave

the outcasts that were and the squatters

that were in the northern part of the

Carolina colony

well they were perfectly content being

there because they did not like the

aristocratic families of Virginia now

here's something that's mentioned a lot

on the AP US history tests you're gonna

want to underline this and be aware of

it the FF vs in other words the

Protestant first families of Virginia

now among these first families in

Virginia where the Fitz Hughes Belize

and another family you might have heard

of the Washington's George Washington

was a descendant of the first families

of Virginia they were an elite land

aristocracy that controlled most of

Virginia's land and government now the

outcasts who had left Virginia and moved

into the northern part of Carolina had a

reputation for lacking religion so they

didn't really like the ffs fvs in their

protestant ways they also had a

reputation for being hospitable to

pirates and a reputation for resisting

Authority they were kind of a rowdy

bunch

what essentially came down to is that

the aristocratic FF v's of Virginia and

the

aristocratic families of the southern

part of the Carolina colony wanted

nothing to do with the squatters and the

outcasts that had moved into this region

these people were hard drinking

law-abiding borderline criminals and the

upper-class aristocrats here and the

upper crass upper-class aristocrats here

didn't really want them in their

territory but there they were sandwiched

right in between the two of them so

since they wanted nothing to do with

them and they wanted nothing to do with

them they decided to divide the

Carolina colony into two and in 1712

officially the Carolina colony was

divided into North Carolina and South

Carolina

now initially North Carolina the

Carolina colony was around 1663 but the

division would happen in 1712 and that

way everybody had what they wanted the

aristocrats of Virginia could live the

way they wanted to live with slaves on

big plantations and so could the

aristocrats of South Carolina and the

rowdy bunch could have their own free

Stalin II and free territory in between

the two of them everybody stayed away

from each other and everybody was happy

okay so that's pretty simple in terms of

how North Carolina and South Carolina

came to be the formation of the Georgia

colony is also fairly simple

founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe the

Georgia Colony was meant to be a buffer

between two distinct groups

the Protestants of South Carolina that

elite ruling class that we were talking

about before and

the Catholics of the Spanish Empire down

here the government didn't want any

problems between those two groups

because as you can remember the

Protestants and the Catholics have not

had the best history and so Georgia was

intended to be a buffer between those

two groups and it did a good job

it had Savannah as its main seaport and

it was a melting pot community of German

Lutheran's and Scottish Highlanders

among others all Protestants but all

Christian religions except Catholic were

tolerated there and early on slavery was

illegal

it was also the home

all Christian religions except for

Catholic were tolerated there and early

on slavery was illegal it was also the

home to many debtors which was a goal of

Olga Forbes when this colony was formed

the only condition he had was that it be

a safe haven for people who owed debt to

the government or debt to anyone else to

be able to come and experience freedom

now why was that such a big deal well

back then if you owe debts to anybody

else or debts to the government you

could be put in prison for that and

Oglethorpe said I'll only do I'll only

form this colony and I'll only act as a

buffer between the 13 colonies in Spain

or the Spanish Empire if I can have it

as a home to debtors to find safety

there oma Thorpe was generally regarded

as one of the most generous people of

his time

but for the most part most people didn't

really want to go to Georgia it was the

least populous of the colonies and grew

very slowly primarily due to the climate

I mean if you've ever been down there

especially in the summertime the Georgia

colony which is now made up of the

states of Mississippi

Alabama and of course Georgia the colony

itself was extremely humid and difficult

to live in anywhere down there is in the

summertime I mean you're sweating all

the time they also didn't really want to

move down there because of the

restrictions on slavery that would

eventually change of course in Georgia

and they didn't want to be there because

of the Spanish threat that was lingering

right down here so it wasn't like

everybody wanted to move to Georgia

but that made it a pretty good place for

the people who were there wasn't

overcrowded and it was a safe haven for

debtors but outside of that not many

people wanted to go there okay that's it

thanks for listening