5 Secret Tips to FIX ANY CAR
Summary
TLDRThis script from a technical trainer emphasizes five key areas to enhance automotive diagnostic skills. It underscores the importance of a structured diagnostic process, starting with information gathering before delving into physical tests. The trainer highlights mastering electrical diagnostics, understanding sensor circuits, especially voltage divider circuits, and the significance of live data for recognizing normal vehicle operation. Lastly, the script advocates for the effective use of wiring diagrams, suggesting ways to interpret them accurately for successful diagnostics.
Takeaways
- 🔍 The importance of having a structured diagnostic process is emphasized, with 'FIXED IT' being introduced as a methodical approach to automotive diagnostics.
- 📝 Information gathering is crucial before starting diagnostics, including vehicle history, symptoms, and initial observations upon approaching the vehicle.
- 🔌 Understanding electrical fundamentals is key for effective diagnostics, especially the proper use of a multimeter for measuring voltage drop and ensuring circuits are switched on during testing.
- 💡 The concept of voltage divider circuits in sensor diagnostics is introduced, explaining how sensor resistance changes affect the voltage signal read by the control unit.
- 🚫 Fault codes related to sensor circuits, such as 'signal too high' or 'signal too low', are often indicative of electrical issues like short circuits or open circuits.
- 📊 Live data analysis is highlighted as an essential skill, with the suggestion to familiarize oneself with normal values and how they change under different operating conditions.
- 📚 The value of wiring diagrams in diagnostics is discussed, with advice on how to interpret them effectively, especially when it comes to identifying power supplies, grounds, and sensor signals.
- 🔧 Practical tips for using wiring diagrams are provided, including identifying fixed points like grounds and powers, and understanding switch functions.
- 🆚 The differences between OEM and generic wiring diagrams are outlined, with a preference for OEM diagrams for their detailed and manufacturer-specific information.
- 🛠️ The script encourages technicians to build a library of known good data and to use resources like 'mechanic mindset' for further diagnostic support and training.
Q & A
What is the first step in the diagnostic process discussed in the script?
-The first step in the diagnostic process is to collect as much information as possible about the vehicle's history, any accidents, and other observations before starting any physical inspection or testing.
What does the acronym 'FIXED IT' stand for in the context of the diagnostic process?
-The acronym 'FIXED IT' is not explicitly defined in the script, but it is mentioned as a diagnostic process that the speaker's organization, Mechanic Mindset, is passionate about. It is implied that each letter represents a step in their diagnostic process.
Why is it important to understand how a multimeter works in automotive diagnostics?
-Understanding how a multimeter works is crucial because it is a difference measuring tool used to measure voltage drop, which is essential for accurate electrical testing in automotive diagnostics.
What is the significance of testing electrical circuits with the circuit switched on?
-Testing electrical circuits with the circuit switched on is significant because it provides a loaded condition, allowing for accurate readings and preventing misdiagnoses that could occur with an unloaded circuit.
What is a voltage divider circuit and why is it important in sensor diagnostics?
-A voltage divider circuit is a circuit that splits a voltage across two resistors, which is important in sensor diagnostics because it allows the sensor to vary the voltage based on its input, such as temperature or pressure, providing a signal to the control unit.
What does the term 'pull-up' and 'pull-down' resistor refer to in the context of sensor circuits?
-In the context of sensor circuits, 'pull-up' refers to a resistor that connects the sensor to a positive voltage supply, while 'pull-down' refers to a resistor that connects the sensor to ground. These terms describe the direction of the voltage reference for the sensor signal.
Why is it recommended to learn and understand wiring diagrams for successful diagnostics?
-Understanding wiring diagrams is recommended because it provides a clear understanding of how the vehicle's systems are interconnected, which is essential for accurate and efficient diagnostics.
What is the general maximum voltage drop limit along a piece of wire in automotive electrical systems?
-The general maximum voltage drop limit along a piece of wire in automotive electrical systems is 0.5 volts.
How can live data help in diagnosing automotive issues?
-Live data helps in diagnosing automotive issues by providing real-time sensor readings and system performance metrics that can indicate normal operation or potential malfunctions.
What is the importance of having a library of known good data in diagnostics?
-Having a library of known good data is important in diagnostics because it serves as a reference to compare against the current vehicle's data, helping to identify deviations that may indicate a problem.
Outlines
🔍 Diagnostic Process and Information Gathering
The paragraph emphasizes the importance of a structured diagnostic process in automotive diagnostics, which begins with gathering as much information as possible before starting physical inspections. The speaker introduces their diagnostic process called 'FIXED IT' and highlights the need to understand the vehicle's symptoms and history. They also stress the significance of observing the vehicle's reactions to basic operations like unlocking the door or cranking the engine, which can provide valuable diagnostic clues. The speaker suggests collecting all evidence before making the first test, aiming for an accurate starting point in diagnostics.
🔌 Mastering Electrical Diagnostics
This section focuses on the fundamentals of electrical diagnostics, which the speaker considers a common weak point for many technicians. The speaker provides tips on using a multimeter effectively, emphasizing that it is a difference-measuring tool. They explain how to measure voltage drop and the importance of testing circuits when they are switched on to get accurate readings. The speaker also discusses how to test for voltage drop in both live and ground circuits, and the significance of recognizing a 'flat zero' in voltage readings. They conclude with a general guideline for voltage drop limits in automotive electrical systems.
📡 Understanding Sensor Circuits and Voltage Dividers
The speaker delves into sensor circuits, particularly the voltage divider circuit, which is crucial for understanding how sensors work within a vehicle's control unit. They explain the concept using an analogy with light bulbs and resistors, illustrating how the voltage changes based on the sensor's resistance. The speaker clarifies the difference between a 'pull-up' and 'pull-down' resistor and how most sensors use a ground path through the control unit for a cleaner signal. They also discuss how sensor signals can lead to fault codes such as 'signal too high' or 'signal too low' and how these codes relate to open or short circuits.
💻 Live Data Analysis and Expectations
The paragraph discusses the importance of understanding live data in automotive diagnostics. The speaker addresses the common challenge of knowing what data readings should be under normal conditions. They suggest that technicians should familiarize themselves with good data values by observing different signals on various cars and under different operating conditions. The speaker encourages the creation of a 'library of known good data' to aid in diagnostics and mentions a diagnostic coach program that can help with this process.
🔗 Wiring Diagrams: Key to Effective Diagnostics
The speaker highlights wiring diagrams as a critical tool for successful diagnostics. They discuss the benefits of using original equipment manufacturer (OEM) wiring diagrams for their detailed information compared to generic systems. The paragraph provides tips on how to effectively use wiring diagrams, such as identifying power supplies, grounds, and understanding switches and their functions. The speaker also touches on the use of wire codes and thickness to deduce the function of wires in a circuit, emphasizing the importance of this knowledge for accurate diagnostics.
📲 Advancing Diagnostics with Mobile Apps and Resources
In the final paragraph, the speaker introduces a mobile app and a website designed to enhance diagnostic skills. They encourage technicians to sign up at mechanicmindset.com and use the code 'YouTube' to get a free trial of the diagnostic coach. The speaker suggests that these resources can help take diagnostics to the next level by providing access to valuable information and tools.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Diagnostic Process
💡Scan Tool
💡Fault Codes
💡Multimeter
💡Voltage Drop
💡Sensor Circuits
💡Pull-Up and Pull-Down Resistors
💡Live Data
💡Wiring Diagrams
💡OEM Wiring Diagrams
Highlights
Emphasized the importance of a structured diagnostic process, introducing the 'FIXED IT' method.
Highlighted the significance of gathering comprehensive vehicle information before starting diagnostics.
Stressed the value of understanding the diagnostic process to improve efficiency and accuracy.
Explained the concept of using the vehicle's reactions (like fuel pump priming) to gather diagnostic information.
Discussed the importance of checking for voltage drop as an indicator of electrical issues.
Provided tips on using a multimeter effectively for accurate electrical diagnostics.
Highlighted the necessity of testing electrical circuits with the circuit switched on for accurate readings.
Explained the concept of voltage divider circuits and their role in sensor diagnostics.
Discussed how to interpret sensor signals and the implications of signals that are too high or too low.
Described the process of diagnosing sensor circuits by understanding their voltage ranges and fault codes.
Emphasized the need for technicians to familiarize themselves with live data and understand what 'good' data looks like.
Suggested building a library of known good data to compare against during diagnostics.
Highlighted the importance of understanding wiring diagrams for effective diagnostics.
Provided tips on interpreting wiring diagrams, including identifying power supplies, grounds, and switches.
Discussed the use of wire color codes and thickness to aid in diagnosing electrical issues.
Offered advice on using professional resources like Alldata and E-Manual for OEM wiring diagrams.
Encouraged the use of a systematic approach to diagnostics to save time and improve results.
Promoted the use of the 'FIXED IT' diagnostic process poster as a reference tool.
Transcripts
I've trained thousands of technicians on
effective diagnostic techniques since
becoming a technical trainer in 2010 and
I've noticed some of the things that the
best diagnostic technicians do to make
them successful in completing diagnostic
jobs and we're going to look into five
areas that you can start improving in
today to instantly make you better at
Automotive Diagnostics the first thing
to take a look at is diagnostic process
now if you ask most people about what
their diagnostic process is the first
thing they usually say is well we plug
in the scan tool and read the fault
codes and then if you say well what
about if it was a knocking noise from
the rear or what if it was a uh water
leak or something like that then that
gets them thinking about what diagnostic
process is so we're quite passionate
about diagnostic process at mechanic
mindset and we've called ours fixed it
now each one of these letters stands for
a step in the process I'm not going to
go through the whole thing today but I'm
going to take you through the main parts
of it actually you can download and
print this poster in the link below so
in this process the actual Diagnostics
doesn't start until here there are
actually two steps that we want to
perform before we actually start ripping
the car apart and you know prob in wires
with our multimeter and things like that
take this car here for example this is a
crank noar and before we actually start
doing anything we're going to want to
collect as much information as possible
history accidents what else have they
noticed in fact there's a lot of
information that you can collect as soon
as you start going out to that vehicle
for example when you unlock and open the
door you might hear the fuel pump primes
now you know that that part of the
system is working even simply unlocking
the door is telling you that a large
portion of this vehicle system is
operating as it should be and then of
course we're going to switch the
ignition on and try and crank it over
so just the very Act of turning it on
and cranking it over is telling you that
there's lots of things that are working
take the rev counter for example if you
notice the needle moves when you crank
it it shows us that not only is the
engine speed sensor working but the
engine management system is putting that
signal onto the canvas Network and that
signal is making its way way up to the
instrument cluster here massive amount
of information there so after you've
gone ahead and took the time to find all
this evidence you then need to sit down
and put it all together okay so the
engine does crank it's not starting I've
got a crankshaft sensor signal what's
happening with the fuel pressure while I
heard the fuel pump was working have we
got pressure up at the rail all of these
little things ultimately to get you to a
point where you're going to make your
first test and hopefully it's in the the
right place and as long as you do both
of those tasks well you're likely to get
a really good starting point for
Diagnostics save loads of time check out
this video here where we show you a
little bit more about the fixed it
diagnostic process the second thing for
us to work on is everyone's favorite
subject electrical Diagnostics this is
renowned to be everyone's biggest weak
point when it comes to Diagnostics now
I'll tell you one thing that I've
noticed is the people who have got this
massive
have the fundamentals absolutely nailed
so the real basics of electrics that's
all you need to know and you need to be
able to do that very well so here's some
tips to help you get running with
electrical Diagnostics firstly is how
the multimeter is actually working now
the multimeter is a difference measuring
tool so when you put your multimeter on
the battery so we put this on the the
negative or ground that's zero volts on
this lead we put this onto the positive
side we've then got whatever the battery
voltage is so in this case it's 14.2
volts because we've got a battery
maintainer on there so what the
multimeter is doing is taking the
difference between two points zero on
this lead 14.29 on this lead that gives
us a reading of 14.29 volts now that's
really important to remember when you
get on to measuring things like voltage
drop so another tip is to do all of your
electrical testing with the circuit
switched on okay if the circuit's not
switched on it's not loaded and you're
not going to get the accurate readings
and potentially end up with a
misdiagnosis so here we've got a basic
circuit there's 6 volts coming out here
a switch we've got our bulb and then
that comes down to the ground side here
okay so we're going to put our black
lead on the
ground and do our measurements from here
so at the power supply here we've got
5.64 Vols and at the actual bulb we've
got 5.45 volts so a drop of 0 2 so what
you can do is use the meter as a
difference measuring
tool and you can see there we've got
about 02 of a volt that there is a
voltage drop test however if the circuit
is not switched
on it doesn't work so that's how we test
the live side for the ground side we
test in exactly the same way except
we're not looking for a positive voltage
aree 6 volts we're looking for zero
volts okay so ground is just the
opposite of live so if we go on there
and we get Zer volts we know we've got a
good reading here's another tip if you
connect up to a lead and the numbers are
floating around like they are there
that's nothing okay so nothing is
different to Z volt you can see there
that it's a solid zero in fact if we go
back back to the actual ground here
you'll notice that as we go along it
016
006
004 all the way down to dead Zer okay so
you see that flat Zer there that is our
flat zero volts different to nothing
okay so now we've moved the switch over
to the ground side this is something
that catches quite a lot of people out
with Switched Off look we've got our 6
volts at the power supply of course
that's expected because it's a
uninterrupted connection however on the
ground side we've still got 6 volts now
remember all this bulb is is a small
piece of wire okay and it's not been
loaded at the minute so all we've got is
six volts of energy sat there waiting
okay it's not until we turn the circuit
on that we get our Z volt ground on that
side of the B so remember switch the
circuit on before you do any testing do
not disconnect and test because that
could mean that you might miss other
types of faults in the circuit which I'm
going to show you now as for testing for
faults remember the circuit needs to be
switched on okay so you can see here
that we've got some green crusties in
the circuit now the bulb is on but it's
very very dim if we turn that circuit
off we can see that at the bulb we've
got six volts okay remember this is a 6V
circuit so that's good right however
watch what happens when we turn the
circuit on it drops to 2.6 okay again
voltage drop so I've moved the green
crusties onto the ground side now okay
Switched Off we've got 6 volts at the
power
supply switched on 5.72 that's okay that
means that all this part of the circuit
is okay now if we check the ground we've
got 6V Switched Off remember we're not
connected this side to the ground yet
switch it
on we've now got 3 volts that's not okay
it should be as close to zero as
possible regarding your voltage drop
limits it's generally accepted in the
automotive trade to have a maximum of
0.5 volt drop along a piece of wire so
with this circuit here switched on an
acceptable amount would be 12 volts
having a 12.5 volt power supply and on
the ground side a maximum of 0.5 volt
now they are the general limits but
always just take them with a bit of
logic sometimes you might have a reading
of 6 volts however the system might
still be working okay looking at the
bigger picture does this consumer have
enough voltage for itself to do the job
it needs to do taking away the voltage
that's been lost on the wires check out
this short video where we look at
testing electrical circuit with live and
ground switching a little bit more the
third thing to look at is sensor
circuits once you understand the basics
of how a sensor circuit works the
majority of sensor Diagnostics becomes
very very easy in particular we're going
to look at the voltage divider circuit
and you really need to have your basic
electrical
fundamentals absolutely perfect before
you can really understand how this thing
works however I'm going to do my best to
make it really really
easy so if we draw this basic circuit
here with two light bulbs exactly the
same we've got 5 volts at this end a
ground at this end both the light bulbs
would be switched on what do we have in
the middle we should expect roughly half
the voltage 2.5 volts so you can see
that we've got that similar circuit set
up here but we've got a 6vt power supply
both bulbs are connected in series the
bulbs are the same in the middle
here we've got around about half so
sensor circuits are generally made up
like this however all of this
part is
inside the control unit and this part
represents the
sensor so instead of a bulb we have
what's called
a resistor and you might have heard the
term pull up and pull down resistor
if the resistor has 5 volts on this side
of it it's a pull-up
resistor that's then our power supply
down to our
sensor and in many cases this sensor
will be some sort
of variable
resistor with a ground on the other side
however what you will find is that most
sensors actually take a ground
path through the control unit itself
because it's much cleaner and gives us a
more accurate sensor
signal so in this case here this is like
a coolant temperature sensor of course
this signal here is going to change
based on the coolant temperature and how
it does that is that as the temperature
of the coolant or the sensor increases
or decreases the resistance value here
changes that means that the voltage on
this line here is also going to change
let me show you so I'm going to switch
out this bulb here remember this bit
here represents what's inside the
control
module and we're going to
connect this variable
resistor so now we switch the circuit on
we can see here that we've got a value
of around 0 volts so to increase and
decrease that signal voltage we of
course change the resistance on the
sensor which is represented by this here
okay
so by dividing the circuit voltage with
two resistances we make it possible to
have a point where the voltage varies
based on whatever the sensor is given us
so we've already established that the
sensor has a 5V power supply but we
generally say that the sensor has a
working range of between 0.5
volts and 4.5
volts these values aren't set in stone
so they could be a bit wider than this
and of course that wouldn't be true if
it was a 12volt sensor it would be much
higher than that but these are General
values so what we have on the sensor is
a working
range and if this was a temperature
sensor we wouldn't expect it to go
outside of these dotted lines so if that
signal did go outside of the range up to
5 Vol we would say that that signal was
too
high seen that fault code before sensor
signal too high well you may have also
seen the fault code signal too low now
that means that the sensor signal has
gone down to around 0 Vols when you get
a fault code that says circuit too high
or circuit too low they're generally
electrical circuit faults and they're
sometimes accompanied with the method
message uh short circuit to positive or
open circuit or short to negative or
open circuit and sometimes you got to
think well why can't it tell the
difference well let's have a look at how
these fault codes would occur so we've
got our sensor connected here and you
can see that the lowest we can get it to
go is about 05 of a volt and the
highest around about 5.8 okay now if we
make an open circuit in this
circuit here did you see that there
jumped up to 6 volts so it essentially
jumped from its upper range cross the
line to that higher range where is too
high so that's how the control unit
knows the circuit's open circuit the
only other way to get the circuit
voltage over that line is to short it to
positive like this so if we shorted that
to positive that line would then go up
to around about 12 vol it's too high
that's why it can't tell the difference
between an open circuit or a short
circuit to positive okay so I'm going to
demonstrate that to you here we're going
to go on that sensor signal for the fuel
pressure sensor down here and you can
see there that we've got 2 volts okay
now if I disconnect that
sensor you can see there that that
signal has now gone up to 5 Vols okay
now there was a bit of a warning message
in the dash there we should should now
then have a fault code to go with that
which you can see there look fuel
pressure circuit high on the other side
of that then we've got circuit voltage
to low now if we short that signal down
to ground you can see that it goes
nearly all the way to zero so that's
your sensor circuit too low you're shter
ground now the other type of fault code
we've got is if the sensor is given us a
signal that is out of range or is
implausible in that case the control
unit is looking that the signal stays
within a tolerance of
operation so any given operating
temperature engine speed engine load the
signals of the um engine management
system should be within a certain
range so at the point that they go out
of that
range we then get a fault code saying
signal out of range or signal
implausible so take temperature sensors
if the car has been left in the workshop
and it's all cold all of the temperature
sensors should pretty much read the
ambient temperature of the workshop if
it's a bit warmer then of course the
temperature sensors should be a bit
warmer if they're up to temperature then
they should be much higher pressures
with the ignition on most of your
pressures should be reading atmospheric
pressure which is zero bar for gauge
pressure sensors th000 mbar or one bar
for absolute pressure sensors so here
look we disconnected that sensor and you
could see there that the pressure jumped
right up and that's not going to move
now when we start the engine and rev it
so the readings may also correlate to
The Faults that you've got on the system
and we're going to take a look at how
you can help with those types of fault
codes in the next section however if you
want to see a bit more about the voltage
divider circuit check out this video the
fourth thing that you need to work on is
live data now it's really important that
you kind of get to know what to expect
when it comes to live data one of the
biggest complaints that I get from
technicians that I train is that how do
I know what it's supposed to be no one
tells us what it should be you know um
how do I know if that reading there's
correct I understand nothing now there's
no real good answer for that other than
that you need to get to know it yourself
and understand what kind of uh signals
you should be and what data you should
be seeing on those similar types of
engines because they're all pretty
similar so a 2 L petrol on an Audi
you're going to get similar readings to
a 2 L petrol on a BMW that's kind of the
the General Physics of it if you like so
what I suggest you do is take the time
to learn what good values look like um
when you're just doing your regular job
so maybe week one focus on air mass
meter signals for all the different cars
you work on week two take a look at the
map manifold absolute pressure sensors
for all the different cars you work on
the week after that have a look at fuel
pressure temperatures exhaust pressures
and so on until you start to understand
what those values should be on a good
working car the other thing that you're
going to want to do is have a look at
that data under different operating
conditions so what does it look like
with the ignition on what does it look
like when it's cranking what about when
it's idling what about when I rev it up
and take my foot off the accelerator
what happens to that signal and you're
not going to have to take hours and
hours out of your work schedule to do
this if you've already got the tool
plugged in for a diagnosis on a
different problem or a service or
something like that just take one minute
2 minutes just to have a quick look at
it store it in the memory bank and it
will pay you back later I guarantee it
so we're trying to build a library of
known good data inside mechanic mindset
so that if you are stuck you can go and
check it out see if it car relates to
what you've got it's all included in the
diagnostic coach program and you can get
your first month free using the coupon
code month go and check it out so the
fifth thing that you need to work on is
everyone's favorite wiring diagrams
possibly the number one roadblock to
doing better and successful Diagnostics
quickly is getting hold of good
information after that would be
interpreting it properly now if you
really get to learn and understand
wiring diagrams you're natur
understanding how the vehicles work and
operate how these manufacturers put
these systems together because there's
only so many ways you can achieve the
outcomes of what we're doing here so for
the times when you can't get the wiring
diagrams you may already have enough
knowledge to try and work out the system
and test it properly yourself so I'm
going to show you a few tips in a minute
to get the most out of these however
personally I prefer using OEM uh wiring
diagrams where possible you tend to get
a lot more information from the
manufacturer so I like to use uh all
data um that is a professional site I
think in the US you can actually get a
hobbyist version of it and get
individual diagrams there's also a site
called e-manual um I'll leave a link for
that down below and you can get oneoff
OEM manufacturing diagrams from them for
quite a reasonable price otherwise
you're looking at generic systems like
Auto data or haes or Tech Forex now
those systems are really good the
diagrams are generally very generic so
every time you look at a diagram it's
going to look the same however they do
tend to lack important information like
uh wiring colors wire sizes whether the
wies a signal a power or ground which
you you know often get on the manufactur
diagram so anyway let's have a look at
some things you can do okay so the first
thing you want to do when it comes to
diagrams is basically highlight the
things that are definitely true so for
example identifying power supplies and
grounds now you can see down here that
all of these um blue parts are connected
to
ground so we just put gnd D there for
ground so all of these blue ones here
are connected
directly to ground okay that is a fact
okay
so what you can then do is follow them
all the way up this is just a junction
box here so that ground is going to go
all the way up here into this junction
box over to this relay now here's one to
not get tripped up by is that on a
switch it's easy to say it but when
you're actually reading the diagram it's
easy to mess up especially if you're
testing the circuit with it switched off
it might be live on the other side there
okay so remember what we looked at in
our fundamentals earlier make sure
you're testing it switched
on so of course if that's switched on
then that side there is going to be a
ground as well
okay then you've got the powers okay so
if you've got a fuse on a diagram fuses
are
always supplied by power okay live
voltage so you can then follow those
across and then you've got good reliable
diagram to go back onto for your testing
okay um when it comes to components like
actuators we've got this motor here
we've got a a relay coil just up there
it's always going to be a power one side
and a ground the other okay so if you
can identify at least one side of that
circuit as being a power the other side
of it has to be a ground when it's
switched on remember that's the key
thing when it's switched on because you
can see here now this goes down to a
switch now this is a Japanese diagram
from a Suzuki I believe and uh a lot
they've got a lot of these switch types
here it's not very common for uh the
diagrams I'm used to read in however
it's basically a function switch okay so
what you can do is just try and work out
what it's actually trying to do so we've
got the the different positions for the
switch there this is like a rotary type
switch so as you turn the switch it's
it's going to connect the dots of these
different columns there okay so with
this being the washer pump here that you
can see that when we go to wash it
actually connects these two up which is
giv us a
path through the switch to ground okay
so that's that that's the ground path
for the washer and if you were
diagnosing the washer pump that's what
you would have to try and work out
before you could go and kind of test it
accurately so when it comes comes to
looking for sensor signals and stuff
like that as I said uh the manufacturer
diagrams generally have some information
on there but what you can see here for
this position sensor we've got a wire
coming here we've got a bit of a diagram
in the middle here with a with a
resistor and a pointy bit on it so that
pointy bit is likely going to be the bit
that moves and gives us the sensor
signal coming out of here okay um the
other thing with uh the BMW diagrams is
they have this code on all of the wires
see this a s a r s AGR U 5 Vols well
those are codes for the wires and they
give a good indication of what that wire
might be so for example they use U for
power supplies they use M for uh grounds
uh they use a for analog type
signals they might use T for for timed
quick on andof signals like pulse width
modulation and a host of other different
codes too now if you don't have any
codes sometimes you can use the actual
wire thicknesses so if you've got a
module that's got you know lots of
different wires on it generally power
supplies and grounds for actuators will
be slightly thicker than the power
supplies and grounds for sensors so if
we look here the pressure controller for
the EGR valve has a 75 gauge wire yet
the sensor has a 35 gauge wire other
than that you could use the power of of
elimination plus all of the other things
you've learned about how these systems
work to identify which wire might be
which during testing if you want to take
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