Unit 0 Part 2 Psychological Perspectives
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Jolie McCre explores the eight key psychological perspectives that form the foundation of AP Psychology. She explains how each perspective—evolutionary, biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, social-cultural, and biopsychosocial—offers a unique lens to understand human behavior and thought processes. The video aims to help students apply these perspectives to real-world scenarios, emphasizing the importance of concept application in psychology.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video is part of a series on foundational concepts for an AP Psychology course, emphasizing the importance of psychological perspectives.
- 🔍 The script introduces the idea of psychological perspectives as different viewpoints or 'lenses' through which psychologists interpret human behavior and thought processes.
- 🧬 The evolutionary perspective links human behavior to principles of natural selection and survival, suggesting behaviors are adaptations that have helped our species thrive.
- 🧠 The biological perspective focuses on the physical aspects of the brain and body, such as the nervous system and neurotransmitters, to explain behaviors and thoughts.
- 🌊 The psychodynamic perspective, influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis, delves into the unconscious mind, exploring repressed memories and inner conflicts that shape behavior.
- 🐦 The behaviorist approach, pioneered by John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov, views psychology as an objective science based on observable behaviors shaped by environmental factors like rewards and punishments.
- 🌱 The humanistic perspective, popularized by figures like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, emphasizes the potential for personal growth, choice, and the inherent goodness in people.
- 🤔 The cognitive perspective is concerned with mental processes such as problem-solving, memory, and perception, rather than behaviors, examining how these processes inform actions.
- 🌐 The social-cultural perspective considers how social interactions and cultural norms influence behaviors and mental processes.
- 🧬🌐🤔 The biopsychosocial approach is a comprehensive one, examining the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors to understand human behavior and thought.
- 📝 The script concludes with a call to action for viewers to apply these perspectives to real-world scenarios, highlighting the practical application of psychological theories.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video?
-The main focus of the video is to explain the various psychological perspectives that psychologists use to understand and explain human behavior and the mind.
What are the four key skills that AP Psychology students should utilize throughout the course?
-The four key skills are concept application, research methods and design, data interpretation, and argumentation.
What does the term 'perspective' mean in the context of psychology?
-In the context of psychology, a 'perspective' refers to a point of view or a framework that influences how psychologists think about and study psychological concepts.
How does the evolutionary perspective explain human behavior?
-The evolutionary perspective explains human behavior by considering how natural selection and survival mechanisms might have shaped our thoughts and actions to ensure the continuation of our species.
What is the primary focus of the biological perspective in psychology?
-The biological perspective focuses on understanding how elements of our brain and body, such as the nervous system, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genes, influence our behaviors and thought processes.
Who is the founder of the psychodynamic approach in psychology?
-Sigmund Freud is the founder of the psychodynamic approach, which focuses on the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.
What does the behavioral perspective emphasize in the study of psychology?
-The behavioral perspective emphasizes observable behaviors and how environmental factors like rewards and punishments, as well as classical conditioning, shape our actions.
How does the humanistic perspective view human potential and behavior?
-The humanistic perspective views humans as having the capacity for healthy personal choice, potential, and growth, and it emphasizes the inherent goodness in people and the power of free will to determine a better future.
What are the main areas of focus for the cognitive perspective in psychology?
-The cognitive perspective focuses on mental processes such as problem-solving, thinking, memory, perception, and creativity, rather than behaviors.
How does the social-cultural perspective explain human behavior?
-The social-cultural perspective explains human behavior by looking at how interactions with others, social environments, and the norms and expectations of communities and cultures influence our actions and mental processes.
What is the biopsychosocial approach and how does it differ from other perspectives?
-The biopsychosocial approach examines the interconnected influences of biological, psychological, and social factors on our thoughts and behaviors, offering a more holistic view compared to perspectives that focus on a single factor.
Why is it important for AP Psychology students to understand and apply psychological perspectives?
-Understanding and applying psychological perspectives is important for AP Psychology students as it allows them to analyze and interpret real-world scenarios from various viewpoints, enhancing their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Outlines
🔍 Introduction to Psychological Perspectives
The script introduces the second part of the 'Unit Zero Science Practices Series' by Jolie McCre, focusing on 'Psychological Perspectives.' It sets the stage for understanding the foundational concepts of AP Psychology, emphasizing the importance of perspectives in psychology for the entire course. The video aims to teach viewers about the various approaches psychologists use to explain the mind and behavior. It outlines the main questions to be answered, including identifying the main perspectives in psychology and their application to real-world scenarios. The script also introduces the four key skills that AP Psychology students are expected to utilize, particularly 'concept application,' which is directly related to understanding and applying psychological perspectives. Eight main perspectives are listed for in-depth discussion in the video.
🌟 Exploring the Eight Psychological Perspectives
This paragraph delves into the details of the eight psychological perspectives, explaining how each offers a unique viewpoint on understanding human behavior and mental processes. The evolutionary perspective uses principles from biology to explain behaviors that contribute to species survival. The biological perspective examines the role of the brain, nervous system, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genes in behavior. The psychodynamic perspective, influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis, focuses on the unconscious mind, including repressed memories and inner conflicts. The behavioral perspective, pioneered by John B. Watson, emphasizes observable behaviors and how environmental factors like rewards and punishments shape them. The humanistic perspective, popularized by figures like Maslow and Rogers, highlights human potential, growth, and the power of free will. The cognitive perspective concentrates on mental processes such as problem-solving and memory. The social-cultural perspective considers how social interactions and cultural norms influence behavior. Finally, the biopsychosocial approach integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to understand complex behaviors. The paragraph challenges viewers to identify the perspectives of hypothetical psychologists presented in review questions at the end of the video.
📝 Conclusion and Review Questions
The final paragraph of the script concludes the discussion on psychological perspectives, inviting viewers to check their understanding by answering multiple-choice review questions. It emphasizes the need for viewers to not only explain the perspectives but also apply them to real-world situations. The script provides a brief overview of how to assess one's comprehension of the material, suggesting that viewers should be able to define the eight perspectives and recognize their application in various scenarios. The correct answers to the review questions are promised at the end of the video, encouraging active engagement with the content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Perspective
💡Evolutionary Perspective
💡Biological Perspective
💡Psychodynamic Perspective
💡Behaviorist Perspective
💡Humanistic Perspective
💡Cognitive Perspective
💡Social Cultural Perspective
💡Biopsychosocial Approach
💡Concept Application
Highlights
Introduction to the second part of the 'Unit Zero Science Practices Series' by Jolie McCre.
Emphasis on the foundational role of Unit Zero for the entire AP Psychology course.
Explanation of the importance of psychological perspectives in understanding mind and behavior.
Introduction of the four key skills expected of AP Psychology students: concept application, research methods and design, data interpretation, and argumentation.
Highlighting the necessity for students to apply psychological perspectives as per the first key skill.
Listing the eight main perspectives in psychology that students should define and apply.
Definition of a 'perspective' in psychology as a point of view or framework for understanding psychological concepts.
Description of the evolutionary perspective and its focus on natural selection and survival mechanisms.
The biological perspective's emphasis on the brain, body elements, and their connection to behavior and thought processes.
The psychodynamic perspective, influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis, focusing on the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.
Behaviorism's focus on observable behaviors and how environmental factors shape them.
Humanistic psychology's focus on personal choice, potential, and growth, and the belief in inherent human goodness.
The cognitive perspective's focus on mental processes like problem-solving, thinking, memory, and perception.
The social-cultural perspective's examination of how social environments and cultural norms influence behavior and mental processes.
The biopsychosocial approach, considering the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors on behavior and thought.
The requirement for students to apply these perspectives to real-world scenarios for a deeper understanding.
Review questions provided to test students' understanding of the different psychological perspectives.
The conclusion of the video with a prompt for students to check their understanding of the main perspectives in psychology.
Transcripts
hi everyone my name is Jolie mccre and
this video is the second part of my unit
zero science practices Series this video
is called psychological perspectives and
as you might recall from the first video
the concepts in unit zero are the
foundation for the rest of the course
because what you learn in this unit you
will continue to draw on throughout the
course of AP
Psychology this video you will learn
just specifically about the approaches
psychologists take when they attempt to
explain our mind and our Behavior after
the video you should be able to answer
the following questions what are the
main perspectives in Psychology and how
do psychological perspectives apply to
real world scenarios and in the bottom
right hand corner I wanted you to see
that the four key skills the College
Board wants AP Psychology students to
utilize throughout the course um those
you can see are concept application
research methods and design data
interpretation and argumentation but the
first practice says that students should
be able to do concept application and
you can see highlighted there students
should be able to apply psychological
perspectives so in order to do that you
need to know what the main perspectives
in Psychology are so by the end of the
video you should be able to Define and
apply the following eight perspectives
listed on the screen and I will go over
each one in more depth
soon so first what do I mean by
perspective a perspective is simply a
point of view not all psychologists
think alike and the way that they think
about psychological Concepts is
influenced by their perspective
depending on their perspective a
psychologist might explain the root
cause of a behavior differently than
another psychologist from a different
perspective and it's not that one
perspective is more right or more wrong
these are just viewpoints that help
inform a psychologists approach to what
they study you can think of a
perspective like a framework or a lens a
pair of glasses that a psychologist uses
to see and explain why people act and
think the way they do and each
perspective focuses on different ideas
and ways of studying how our minds work
perspectives can also be referred to as
approaches to psychology or even
viewpoints in Psychology so the first
perspective is the evolutionary
perspective psychologists who take an
evolutionary approach are going to use
the knowledge and principles from
evolutionary biology and apply them to
the structure of the human mind
evolutionary psychologists consider and
examine how aspects like natural
selection and survival mechanisms might
determine our thought processes and our
behaviors in an attempt to keep our
species going from one generation to the
next some psychologists take a
biological approach to explaining the
mind and human behavior the biological
perspective seeks to understand and
explain how the elements of our brain in
our bodies are connected to our
behaviors and our thought processes they
are going to be concerned with things
like the nervous system
neurotransmitters hormones and genes and
how those factors affect the way we
think and how we
act some psychologists take a
psychodynamic approach to explaining the
mind and behavior these psychologists
are influenced by the work of Sigman
Freud who developed a field called
psycho analysis this Viewpoint focuses
on the unconscious mind so they're going
to focus on things like repressed
memories or inner motivations and
conflicts you aren't aware of and how
those unconscious aspects are
influencing your thoughts and
actions the behaviorist approach is
going to look at behaviors this field
was developed by John B Watson who was
inspired by the work of Ivan p have love
and classical conditioning and the
behavioral perspective is going to focus
on psychology as an objective science
something that you can see and observe
hence behaviorism or behavioral because
unlike our thoughts you can see and
observe your behaviors behavioral
psychologists look at how the
environment things like rewards and
punishments shape our behaviors as well
as how pairing different stimuli can
produce different
actions some psychologists take a
humanistic approach to explaining the
human mind and behavior this field was
made Popular by people like Abraham
maslo and Carl Rogers humanistic
psychologists focus on the human
capacity for healthy personal choice and
potential and growth they're going to
see the inherent goodness in people and
they will believe that our behaviors and
our thoughts can be influenced by our
own free will to determine a better
future this is really different from
some of the previous perspectives think
about the evolutionary psychologist who
is going to explain our behaviors as a
consequence of adaptations for survival
or the biological psychologist who is
going to think about our behaviors as
influenced by our brain chemistry a
humanistic psychologist is going to
believe that we have the power to make
those changes in our own lives that we
have the power and potential for growth
in
self-actualization the next perspective
is the cognitive perspective and the
cognitive perspective focuses primarily
on mental processes rather than
behaviors so things like problem solving
thinking memory perception creativity
when explaining psychological phenomena
uh psychologists from this perspective
will likely look at the mind in our
thoughts and they will describe how
we're acting through our thought
processes some of the most influential
cognitive psychologists are Jean P Lev
vigotsky and Albert vandora some
psychologists take a social cultural
approach to explaining the mind and
human behavior the social cultural
perspective focuses on how human
behaviors and mental processes are
influenced by our interactions with
others their social environments and the
norms and expectations of our
communities and cultures and finally
some psychologists take a
biopsychosocial approach to explaining
the mind and human behavior this
approach examines how multiple
interconnected factors influence our
thoughts and our behaviors so those
factors are biological factors things
like our
neurochemistry and our social factors
like our peer groups as well as our
psychological factors like our
self-esteem and how those work together
to influence the way we think and the
way we act so those are the eight
perspectives of psychology and as you
can probably recall from the beginning
of the video not only do you need to be
able to explain those perspectives but
you need to be able to apply them to
real world scenarios so in the next part
of the video I will share with you a few
examples of psychologists coming from
different perspectives and I would like
for you to think about what perspective
they are taking so to close out the
video I have four questions for review I
will only read the questions but the
answers you will need to take some time
to pause the video read them and
determine which one is correct I'll
share the correct answers with you at
the end of the video so this question
says psychologist number one is seeing a
patient about a behavior they wish to
correct the patient is frequently lying
as a strategy to gain social advantages
secure resources or avoid conflicts this
psychologist believes that lying might
be derived as a mechanism of survival
which helped previous generations
succeed and Thrive what perspective is
this psychologist coming
from the next question says psychologist
number two is seeing a patient about a
behavior they wish to correct the
patient is frequently skin-picking as a
response to stress anxiety or other
triggers this psychologist believes the
behavior results from a combination of
factors such as genetic predisposition
for impulsivity a stressful work
environment and possibly individual
psychological coping mechanisms what
perspective is this psychologist coming
from the next question States
psychologist number three is seeing a
patient about a phobia that severely
impacts their daily life this
psychologist believes the phobia stems
from unresolved unconscious conflicts
and repressed memories from Early
Childhood experiences what perspective
is this psychologist taking and the last
question States psychologist number four
is seeing a patient experiencing severe
depression that affects their daily
functioning this psychologist believes
that depression is due to imbalances in
brain chemistry possibly due to low
levels of Serotonin what perspective is
this psychologist taking so this
concludes part two psychological
perspectives if you would like to check
the answers to the multiple choice riew
questions you can find those at the
bottom of the screen if you want to
check your understanding see if you can
explain the main perspectives in
Psychology and if you can describe how
psychological perspectives apply to real
world situations you should also be able
to define the eight perspectives in
psychology
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