TEKNIK KHITOBAH

Dedy Susanto

23 Feb 202110:42

Summary

TLDRThis script delves into the history and significance of rhetoric, a vital human ability to communicate effectively. Originating around 465 BCE in Sicily, it flourished during the 4th century BCE with figures like Gorgias and Isocrates. The script explores various methods of public speaking, including impromptu, extempore, manuscript, and memorized speeches, each with its advantages and disadvantages. It emphasizes the importance of rhetoric in conveying positive messages to audiences and encourages thorough preparation for impactful speeches.

Takeaways

🗣️ The ability to speak is considered the greatest gift from God to humans, emphasizing the importance of rhetoric as a true art of speech for everyone.
🏛️ The systematic study of rhetoric was first established by the Greeks on the island of Sicily around 465 BCE, following a revolution that overthrew a dictator and established democracy.
📚 Gorgias, a philosopher, politician, and orator from Sicily, along with other contemporaries like Protagoras, played a significant role in developing and popularizing rhetoric in the 4th century BCE.
🎓 The term 'rhetoric' in modern times is defined by experts as a set of interconnected elements within a certain context, emphasizing the relationship between these elements and their environment.
📈 According to Wina Sanjaya, in the context of learning strategies, 'technique' is a method implemented by someone to achieve a certain educational goal.
📝 Rhetoric in the form of a speech is a well-structured verbal expression of thoughts intended for a large audience, aiming to leave a positive impression.
🎤 There are four common methods of delivering a speech: impromptu, extempore, manuscript, and memorized, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
💬 Impromptu speeches rely on spontaneity and experience, suitable for unexpected situations but may lack organization and completeness.
📖 Extempore speeches are structured but require the speaker to refer to notes, which can appear less spontaneous and may disrupt the flow.
📜 Manuscript speeches are pre-written and read aloud, ensuring completeness and systematic delivery, but can be monotonous and lack audience interaction.
🧠 Memorized speeches allow for a well-structured and rehearsed delivery, but the risk of forgetting parts can affect the speech's content and the audience's concentration.
🌐 The history of rhetoric spans from its origins in 465 BCE to its contemporary relevance in a globalized world, showing its enduring significance.

Q & A

What is considered the greatest gift from God to humans according to the script?
-The ability to speak, specifically the art of rhetoric or the skill of effective public speaking.
Who placed the systematic description of rhetoric in history for the first time?
-The Greeks on the island of Sicily around 465 BC.
What significant event took place on the island of Sicily that influenced the development of rhetoric?
-A revolution occurred where the dictator was overthrown and democracy was established, leading to the return of land to its rightful owners.
Who was the philosopher, mystic, politician, and orator sent to Athens in 427 BC?
-Gorgias was sent as an envoy to Athens along with Protagoras and others.
What was the term used to describe the group of teachers who traveled from city to city teaching rhetoric?
-They were called 'Sophists' by historians, and they were instrumental in developing and popularizing rhetoric.
What is referred to as the 'Age of Rhetoric' in the 4th century BC?
-The period when rhetoric was highly developed and popular, thanks to the efforts of the Sophists.
What are some of the famous rhetoricians mentioned in the script?
-Demosthenes, Isocrates, Plato, and Aristotle are mentioned as prominent figures in the field of rhetoric.
According to Jalaludin Rahmat, what is the definition of rhetoric?
-Rhetoric is a set of interconnected elements within a certain context, with each element having a relationship with its environment.
What is the definition of 'technique' in the context of rhetoric as per the script?
-A technique is a collection of units and a set of relationships among these units, or it is a method implemented by someone to carry out a certain approach.
What are the four methods of speech-making mentioned in the script?
-The four methods are impromptu, extempore, manuscript, and memorization.
What is the main advantage of the impromptu speech method as described in the script?
-The advantage is that the language used is brief, preventing boredom, and the speaker has the freedom to choose topics according to the situation.
What is the main disadvantage of the impromptu speech method?
-The content may not be delivered in an orderly or systematic manner, and there is a possibility of forgetting some points.

Outlines

00:00

🗣️ The Origin and Importance of Rhetoric

This paragraph delves into the historical significance of rhetoric, tracing its roots back to ancient Greece, particularly the island of Sicily around 465 BCE. It highlights the role of rhetoric in the democratic revolution that overthrew dictators and returned land to its rightful owners. The paragraph introduces key figures like Gorgias, a philosopher, politician, and orator from the 5th century BCE, who, along with Protagoras and others, developed and popularized rhetoric. The narrative also touches on the modern understanding of rhetoric as a systematic set of elements in a relationship with the environment, and as a collection of units and relationships as defined by various experts in the field.

05:05

📘 Methods of Public Speaking

The second paragraph focuses on the different methods of public speaking, starting with the impromptu method, which relies on the speaker's experience and insight. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this method, such as its spontaneity and potential lack of organization. The paragraph then moves on to the extempore method, which involves outlining the main points in advance, and the manuscript method, where the speaker reads from a prepared text. Lastly, it covers the memorization method, where the speaker memorizes a pre-prepared speech. Each method is evaluated based on its strengths, such as the systematic delivery of the extempore method and the thorough planning of the manuscript method, as well as its weaknesses, like the potential for forgetfulness in the memorization method.

10:07

📝 Conclusion on Rhetoric and Public Speaking Techniques

In conclusion, the paragraph summarizes the historical development of rhetoric, which began over 2,500 years ago and has continued to evolve to the present day. It emphasizes the complexity of delivering a speech and the importance of thorough preparation, from mental readiness to mastery of content. The paragraph ends with a reminder that public speaking is not an easy task and encourages listeners to prepare well for any speaking engagement.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Rhetoric

Rhetoric is the art of persuasive speaking or writing. It is a key concept in the video, which discusses its historical significance and development. The video mentions that rhetoric is a crucial skill for humans and has been studied since ancient Greek times, particularly on the island of Sicily around 465 BCE. It was further developed by figures like Gorgias, who traveled from city to city, spreading the art of rhetoric.

💡Communication

Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, or messages. In the context of the video, it is highlighted as essential for everyone, not just professional communicators or orators. The script underscores the importance of rhetoric as a form of communication that can influence and persuade audiences effectively.

💡Democracy

Democracy is a system of government where power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or through elected representatives. The video script refers to the overthrow of a dictator and the establishment of democracy in Sicily, which created an environment where the art of rhetoric flourished as a tool for public discourse and persuasion.

💡Oratory

Oratory refers to the art of public speaking. The video discusses various methods of oratory, such as impromptu, extempore, manuscript, and memorized speeches. It emphasizes the importance of oratory in delivering impactful messages, particularly in the context of spreading ideas and influencing public opinion.

💡Impromptu Speech

An impromptu speech is one given without prior preparation, relying on the speaker's experience and insight. The video describes this method as spontaneous and often used for unexpected speeches. It is highlighted for its brevity and the freedom it gives the speaker to choose topics relevant to the situation.

💡Extempore Speech

Extempore speech is a form of public speaking where the speaker outlines the main points of the speech but does not memorize the entire text. The video script explains that this method allows for a systematic and orderly presentation of ideas, though it may appear less spontaneous due to the speaker referring to notes.

💡Manuscript Speech

A manuscript speech is a speech that is fully written out and read by the speaker. The video mentions that this method is often used in formal settings to ensure accuracy and to avoid mistakes, as every word spoken can have a significant impact and be widely reported by the media.

💡Memorized Speech

A memorized speech is one where the speaker has committed the entire speech to memory. The video script points out the benefits of this method, such as improving memory skills and allowing for a systematic presentation. However, it also notes the potential drawback of forgetting parts of the speech, which can affect the delivery and the audience's concentration.

💡Technique

Technique, in the context of the video, refers to the methods or strategies used in delivering a speech or message. The script discusses different techniques of oratory, each with its advantages and disadvantages, and how they can be used to effectively communicate a message and leave a positive impression on the audience.

💡Positive Impact

Positive impact refers to the desired effect or influence that a speech or message aims to have on its audience. The video emphasizes the goal of using oratory techniques to deliver a message that not only informs but also persuades and motivates listeners in a positive way.

💡Preparation

Preparation is the process of getting ready for a task or event. In the video, it is stressed that delivering a speech is not an easy task and requires thorough preparation, from mental readiness to mastering the content, to ensure an effective and impactful delivery.

Highlights

The greatest gift from God to humanity is the ability to speak, emphasizing the importance of rhetoric as an art of speech.

Rhetoric is essential for everyone, including experts in communication and public speakers.

The systematic arrangement of rhetoric was first established by the Corinthians in Sicily around 465 BCE.

The people initiated a revolution, overthrowing the dictator and establishing democracy, which led to the return of land to its rightful owners.

In the 5th century BCE, rhetoric flourished, with figures like Gorgias, Protagoras, and their group promoting its development and popularity.

Rhetoric is described as a set of interconnected elements within a certain context by some experts.

According to Wina Sanjaya, a technique is a collection of units and relationships that work together in a learning strategy.

Techniques are ways of implementing methods in the educational process, as defined by the standard-oriented learning strategy.

A speech or oration is a well-structured verbal expression intended for a large audience.

A good speech can positively influence the listeners, as defined by the Indonesian Language Big Dictionary (KBBI).

The art of living involves delivering a message or sermon in the form of a speech aimed at positively affecting the audience.

There are four common methods of public speaking: impromptu, extempore, manuscript, and memorization.

Impromptu speaking involves delivering a speech without preparation, relying on experience and insight.

Extempore speaking is a method where the speaker outlines the main points in advance but does not prepare a full script.

Manuscript speaking involves reading from a prepared script, often used in formal speeches to avoid mistakes.

Memorization involves memorizing a speech plan, which can train memory and ensure a systematic delivery.

The history of rhetoric dates back to 465 BCE and has continued to develop through globalization and contemporary times.

The definition of rhetoric can be summarized as the art of delivering a sermon in the form of a speech to positively impact the audience.

For those interested in public speaking, it is advised to prepare thoroughly, from mental readiness to mastering the material.