Ethernet Cables, UTP vs STP, Straight vs Crossover, CAT 5,5e,6,7,8 Network Cables
Summary
TLDRThis video script explains Ethernet twisted pair cables, essential for local area networks. It distinguishes between unshielded and shielded types, with unshielded being common for home and business use due to its resistance to electromagnetic interference. The script details the process of creating custom cables, including wiring standards 568A and 568B, which dictate the color-coded order of wires. It also covers the use of straight and crossover cables for connecting dissimilar and similar devices, respectively. Finally, it discusses cable categories, from CAT 3 to CAT 8, highlighting their speed capabilities and applications.
Takeaways
- 🌐 Ethernet twisted pair cables are used for connecting devices in local area networks for internet access.
- 🔌 There are two types of twisted pair cables: unshielded (common in homes and businesses) and shielded (used mainly in industrial settings).
- 🧵 Unshielded twisted pair cables consist of four pairs of color-coded wires twisted to reduce electromagnetic interference.
- 🛡 Shielded twisted pair cables have an additional foil shield for extra protection against interference.
- 🔩 Custom network cables can be made by wiring a bulk roll of twisted pair cable and attaching RJ45 connectors.
- 🔍 A cable stripper is used to remove the protective sheathing to expose the wires for connector attachment.
- 🔄 The order of wires in a cable can differ based on the cable's purpose, with two main wiring standards: 568A and 568B.
- 🔄🔄 The 568A and 568B standards differ only in the arrangement of green and orange wires.
- 🔄🔄🔄 A straight cable, or patch cable, uses the same wiring standard at both ends and is used to connect dissimilar devices.
- 🔄🔄🔄🔄 A crossover cable uses different wiring standards at each end and is used to connect similar devices.
- 📈 Categories of twisted pair cables (CAT 3, CAT 5, CAT 6, CAT 7) indicate maximum speed and resistance to interference, with CAT 8 being the latest offering 40 gigabits per second.
Q & A
What are Ethernet twisted pair cables used for?
-Ethernet twisted pair cables are used in local area networks to connect devices such as computers to routers or modems for internet access.
What are the two types of Ethernet twisted pair cables mentioned in the script?
-The two types of Ethernet twisted pair cables are unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP).
Why are the wires in twisted pair cables twisted around each other?
-The wires are twisted to prevent electromagnetic interference or crosstalk, which can disrupt the signal transmission.
What is the purpose of the foil shield in shielded twisted pair cables?
-The foil shield in STP cables provides an extra layer of protection against electromagnetic interference, preventing it from leaking into and out of the cable.
What is the main difference between unshielded and shielded twisted pair cables?
-The main difference is that shielded twisted pair cables have a foil shield for additional protection against electromagnetic interference, while unshielded twisted pair cables do not.
What are the two wiring standards for Ethernet cables, and what do they represent?
-The two wiring standards are 568A and 568B. They represent the color order in which the wires are arranged within the cable.
What is the difference between a straight cable and a crossover cable?
-A straight cable uses the same wiring standard at both ends and is used to connect dissimilar devices, while a crossover cable uses different standards at each end and is used to connect similar devices.
Why might one choose to use the 568A standard over the 568B standard, or vice versa?
-The choice between 568A and 568B does not affect the functionality of the cable; it is a matter of preference or what is commonly used in a specific region. In the U.S., the 568B standard is more commonly used.
What are the categories of twisted pair cables, and what do they signify?
-The categories are CAT 3, CAT 5, CAT 6, CAT 6a, CAT 7, and CAT 8. They signify the maximum speed the cables can handle without crosstalk or interference, with higher categories supporting faster speeds.
What is the maximum speed that CAT 7 cables can support?
-CAT 7 cables can support speeds of up to 10 gigabits per second.
What is the main advantage of CAT 8 cables over previous categories?
-CAT 8 cables, being shielded twisted pair, offer a delivery speed of 40 gigabits per second up to 30 meters, which is four times faster than CAT 6a or CAT 7.
Outlines
🌐 Ethernet Twisted Pair Cables Overview
This paragraph introduces Ethernet twisted pair cables, which are the primary type of network cables used in local area networks (LANs) for connecting devices like computers to routers or modems. It distinguishes between two types of twisted pair cables: unshielded twisted pair (UTP), which is the most common and used in homes and businesses, and shielded twisted pair (STP), which offers extra protection against electromagnetic interference and is typically used in industrial settings. The paragraph also touches on the process of making custom network cables, including stripping the cable sheathing, arranging the wires in a specific order according to the 568A or 568B standard, and crimping RJ45 connectors to the ends. It explains the difference between straight cables (or patch cables), which use the same wiring standard at both ends and are used to connect dissimilar devices, and crossover cables, which use different standards at each end and are used to connect similar devices.
🔌 Categories of Twisted Pair Cables
The second paragraph delves into the categories of twisted pair cables, namely CAT 3, CAT 5, CAT 6, CAT 6a, CAT 7, and the latest CAT 8. Each category is defined by its maximum speed capability and the tightness of the wire twists, which affects crosstalk and interference. CAT 3 offers the lowest speed at 10 megabits per second, while CAT 6a and CAT 7 can handle speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. CAT 7 is a shielded version of CAT 6a and is backward compatible with older networks. CAT 8 is the most advanced copper cable, providing speeds of 40 gigabits per second over distances up to 30 meters. The paragraph emphasizes that most modern networks would use at least CAT5e due to the prevalence of gigabit speeds, and that despite the advancement in categories, higher categories like CAT 7 and CAT 8 are still compatible with slower networks.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ethernet network cables
💡Twisted pair cables
💡Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
💡Shielded twisted pair (STP)
💡RJ45 connectors
💡Cable stripper
💡Wire crimper
💡568A and 568B wiring standards
💡Straight-through cable
💡Crossover cable
💡Categories of twisted pair cables
Highlights
Ethernet twisted pair cables are used for connecting computers to routers or modems for internet access.
There are two types of Ethernet twisted pair cables: unshielded and shielded twisted pair.
Unshielded twisted pair is the most common type, consisting of four pairs of color-coded wires twisted to prevent interference.
Shielded twisted pair has an additional foil shield for extra protection against electromagnetic interference, mainly used in industrial settings.
Custom network cables can be made by wiring bulk twisted pair cable with RJ45 connectors.
A cable stripper is used to remove the protective sheathing and expose the wires for wiring.
Wires in a cable must be arranged in a specific order according to the purpose of the cable.
There are two wiring standards for twisted pair cables: 568A and 568B, differing in the arrangement of green and orange wires.
A straight cable, also known as a patch cable, uses the same wiring standard at both ends and is the most common type in local area networks.
A crossover cable is made with different wiring standards at each end and is used to connect similar devices.
Categories of twisted pair cables include CAT 3, CAT 5, CAT 6, CAT 6a, CAT 7, and the latest CAT 8, each with different maximum speeds and twist tightness.
CAT 3 operates at 10 megabits per second, while CAT 6a and CAT 7 offer speeds of up to 10 gigabits per second.
Most modern networks use at least CAT5e due to the prevalence of gigabit speeds.
CAT 7 is a shielded version of CAT 6a and is backward compatible with older networks.
CAT 8 is the latest copper cable, offering speeds of 40 gigabits per second over distances of 30 meters.
Transcripts
Hello everyone, in this video we're going to talk about Ethernet network cables that
are used in local area networks and I'm referring to twisted pair cables. These
are the Ethernet cables that you'll find as you connect your computer to your router or modem,
so you can have internet access. One end of the cable plugs into your computer's network
interface card and the other end plugs into the network port of your router, switch, or modem,
depending upon what you're using. Now Ethernet twisted pair cables come in two different types.
The first type is unshielded twisted pair, which is by far the most common type of cable that is
used today. Unshielded twisted pair consists of four pairs of color-coded wires twisted around
each other. The wires are twisted to prevent electromagnetic interference or crosstalk.
This type of network cable is what most people use in their home or business. And the second
type is shielded twisted pair. Shielded twisted pair is very similar to unshielded twisted pair,
except that it has a foil shield that covers the wires. And this shielding adds an extra layer of
protection against electromagnetic interference leaking into and out of the cable. This type of
cable is mainly used for industrial purposes and not so much in a home or business. So if you were
the kind of person that is going to make their own custom cables for your network, typically you would
buy a bulk roll of twisted pair cable and then you would have to wire them correctly and then
attach RJ45 connectors to each end. So to do this you would have to remove the protective sheathing
at each end of a network cable to expose the wires. And this is done by using a cable stripper. The
cable is inserted into the cable stripper and then the outer sheathing is removed to expose
the wires. And then you would insert the cable into a wire crimper to attach an RJ45 connector.
But before you touch the connector, the wires in the cable have to be arranged in a certain
order. And that order will be different depending upon the purpose of the cable. So for example the
most common types of twisted pair cables that are used in a local area network, are straight
and crossover cables. And these two cables have two different purposes. So let's talk about the
wiring order that these twisted pair cables use. And there are two different wiring standards that
are used. One standard is called 568A and the other standard is 568B. And on the screen you can see the
wiring order for both the A and B standards. The orders are based on the color of the wires. So
for example the 568A standard is wired in this order: white green, green, white orange, blue, white
blue, orange, white brown, and brown. And the 568B standard is wired in the following order: white
orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue, green, white brown, and brown. So the only difference
between the A and B standards is the green wires are swapped with the orange. And it doesn't really
matter which standard you use. Both standards do the same thing, but here in the U.S. most people
use the B standard. So whether you choose the A or B wiring standard, if both ends of the cable
are wired using the same standard then this is known as a straight cable, which is also known
as a patch cable. A straight cable allows signals to pass through from end to end. This is the most
common type of cable that's used in local area networks. A straight cable is used to connect
computers to hubs, switches, routers, or modems, or in other words, it's used to connect dissimilar
devices together. So as I said before this is by far the most common cable that's used on local
area networks. So these two straight cables here do the exact same thing. The only difference is that
one cable is wired using the A standard and the other one is wired using the B standard. So let's
talk about a crossover cable. Now a crossover cable is also used on local area networks but it's not
as common as a straight cable. A crossover cable is created when both ends of the cable are wired
using the two different standards. For example, one end is wired using the A standard and the other
end is wired using the B standard. Crossover cables are used to connect two similar devices together.
For example, crossover cables are used to connect two computers directly to each other without
using a hub or switch and they can be also used to connect hubs to hubs, or switches to switches. So
they are used to connect two of the same devices together. Now in addition to talking about the
different types of twisted pair cables, we also have to talk about the categories of twisted pair
cables. And these categories are called CAT 3, CAT 5, CAT 6, and CAT 7. And the difference between these
is a maximum speed that they can handle without having any crosstalk or interference. The numbers
of these categories represent the tightness of the twists that are applied to the wires. And as
you can see on the illustration of the categories and speeds of the different twisted pair cables
So as you can see, the speed ranges from the lowest category which is CAT 3 at 10 megabits per second
and all the way up to CAT 6a and CAT 7 which has speeds of 10 gigabits per second. Now most networks
today would use at least CAT5e on their networks. Because most networks would be running at least
at gigabit speeds. So CAT 3 and CAT 5 are slower than gigabit and are pretty much obsolete today.
But of course if you're running a network that can handle 10 gigabit speeds, you would have to
use CAT 6a or CAT 7 on your network. But even if you have an older network that's running slower
speeds, you can still use CAT 7 because it is backward compatible. CAT 7 is actually a shielded
twisted pair version of CAT 6a. And finally the latest version is CAT 8. Now CAT 8 is the
ultimate copper cable. It's a shielded twisted pair cable which has a delivery speed of 40 gigabits
per second up to a distance of 30 meters, which is 4 times faster than CAT 6a or CAT 7.
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