History of cooperatives
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the history of cooperatives, from ancient human groupings to the industrial revolution's impact on workers' livelihoods. It highlights the 19th-century emergence of the cooperative movement in Britain, spurred by economic transformations. The script details the establishment of the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers Society in 1844, which laid the foundation for modern cooperatives with the Rochdale Principles. It also touches on the global spread of cooperatives, their various forms, and their significance in the Philippines, emphasizing the movement's transformative role in social and economic development.
Takeaways
- 🏘️ The history of cooperatives dates back to ancient times with human groupings found in natural environments like caves, valleys, rivers, lakes, and seas.
- 🌾 During medieval times, agricultural production led to the creation of markets, where surplus products and raw materials were sold, indicating the early stages of trade and commerce.
- 🔗 The Greeks in 300 BC formed associations known as 'synoikismos', an early form of organized trade in Europe.
- 🛍️ Between the 17th and 15th centuries, merchant guilds emerged to protect their social and economic interests and conducted long-distance business.
- 🏭 The Industrial Revolution in the 18th century in England significantly changed social and economic life, leading to the obsolescence of traditional industries due to new machinery and technology.
- 🔄 The cooperative movement began in Britain in the 19th century as a response to the Industrial Revolution and its impact on workers' livelihoods.
- 📦 The Rochdale Pioneers Society, established in 1844, is considered the first modern cooperative business, selling basic items and emphasizing high-quality, unadulterated goods.
- 📜 The Rochdale Principles, formulated in 1844, laid the foundation for the modern cooperative movement, emphasizing democratic control, open membership, and limited interest on capital, among other principles.
- 🌍 Today, cooperatives have a global reach, with around 800 million members and employing approximately 100 million people worldwide.
- 🏢 Cooperative banks or credit unions, which originated in Germany in the mid-19th century, have evolved to become integral parts of the financial sector.
- 📚 Beatrice Webb's 1891 publication, 'The Cooperative Movement in Great Britain', provided significant insights into the cooperative movement's development and principles.
Q & A
What evidence of early human groupings were discovered in ancient times?
-Evidence of human groupings in ancient times were discovered in caves, valleys, rivers, lakes, and seas.
How did the agricultural production during medieval times influence the creation of markets?
-Agricultural production stimulated the creation of markets where surplus products and raw materials were sold, indicating a shift from producing only for consumption to producing more for trade and commerce.
What was the significance of the 'ironoy' associations formed by the Greeks around 300 BC?
-The 'ironoy' associations were significant as they were among the earliest known forms of organized cooperatives in Europe.
What role did merchant guilds play in the economic activities between the 17th and 15th centuries?
-Merchant guilds protected the social and economic gains of their members and conducted business over long distances, performing all operations in merchandising goods, transporting, and retailing.
How did the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century impact the livelihoods of traditional workers?
-The introduction of machines in factories rendered traditional industries unprofitable and caused misfortunes for many workers who depended on manual labor, such as weaving.
What was the Shore Porters Society and when was it established?
-The Shore Porters Society claims to be one of the world's first cooperatives, established in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1498.
What were the original items for sale when the Rochdale Pioneers opened their store in 1844?
-The original items for sale were flour, oatmeal, sugar, and butter.
What are the Rochdale Principles and how many were there originally?
-The Rochdale Principles were a set of guidelines for cooperative organizations, originally consisting of six principles, which included democratic control, open membership, limited interest on capital, and others.
Who is credited with inspiring the Rochdale Pioneers and what were their beliefs?
-Robert Owen is credited with inspiring the Rochdale Pioneers. He believed in creating a good environment for workers with access to education for themselves and their children.
What was the impact of the cooperative movement on the worldwide economy?
-The cooperative movement has a significant global impact, with around 800 million people as members of cooperatives and an estimated 100 million people employed by them.
How did the cooperative movement begin in the Philippines and what was its initial focus?
-The cooperative movement in the Philippines began with the influence of Filipinos who had traveled to Europe and were impressed by the success of the cooperative movement there. The initial focus was on rural credit associations to support farmers.
Outlines
🌟 History of Cooperatives: From Ancient Times to the Industrial Revolution
This paragraph traces the history of cooperatives from ancient human groupings to the industrial revolution. It discusses how early humans formed groups for survival and how medieval agricultural production led to the creation of markets and trade. The paragraph highlights the development of merchant guilds and craft guilds, which were early forms of cooperatives. It then details the impact of the industrial revolution on traditional industries and the rise of the cooperative movement in Britain in the 19th century. The Shore Porters Society and the Fenwick Weavers Society are mentioned as early examples of cooperatives. The paragraph also covers the establishment of cooperative banks in Germany and the pivotal role of the Rochdale Pioneers in defining the modern cooperative movement through the Rochdale Principles.
🌐 Global Influence and Growth of the Cooperative Movement
This paragraph delves into the global spread and influence of the cooperative movement. It discusses the early popular support for consumer cooperation in European countries and the establishment of credit unions in the UK. The paragraph also touches on the development of British building societies as a form of financial cooperative. It then shifts focus to the history of cooperatives in the Philippines, highlighting the influence of European cooperative movements on Filipinos who traveled and studied abroad. The paragraph mentions key figures like Dr. Jose P. Reisel and Teodoro Sandico, who played significant roles in introducing cooperative concepts in the Philippines. It also covers the establishment of rural credit cooperatives and the enactment of laws to support the cooperative movement in the country.
🏛️ Legislative Support for Cooperatives in the Philippines
This paragraph focuses on the legislative support provided to cooperatives in the Philippines. It discusses Republic Act 821, which was enacted in 1952 to establish a system of liberal credit for small farmers and created the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration. The paragraph emphasizes the recognition of the strategic position of farmers in the country's social structure and economic development. It also acknowledges the contributions of Professor Mung Ellen and the production team behind the video in educating about the history and impact of cooperatives.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Cooperative
💡Industrial Revolution
💡Rochdale Principles
💡Merchant Guilds
💡Crafts Guilds
💡Ironoy
💡
💡Cooperative Banks/Credit Unions
💡Beatrice Webb
💡Dr. William King
💡Building Cooperatives
💡Agricultural Credit Cooperatives
Highlights
Ancient human groupings were discovered in natural environments like caves, valleys, rivers, lakes, and seas.
Medieval agricultural production stimulated the creation of markets for surplus products and raw materials.
People began to produce more than their needs to acquire money, leading to the development of trade and commerce.
Greeks formed associations known as 'ironoy' as early as 300 BC, indicating early forms of cooperatives.
Merchant guilds in 15th-17th century Europe protected social and economic interests and conducted long-distance business.
By the 12th century, crafts guilds had split off and formed organizations, performing all operations in merchandising.
The Industrial Revolution in 18th century England changed social and economic life, impacting traditional industries.
The cooperative movement began in Britain in the 19th century as a response to the Industrial Revolution.
The Shore Porters Society in Aberdeen, Scotland, established in 1498, claims to be one of the world's first cooperatives.
The Fenwick Weavers Society in 1761 expanded activities to include collective purchasing of food items and books.
Cooperative banks or credit unions were invented in Germany in the mid-19th century.
The Rochdale Principles were established in 1844, providing the basis for the modern cooperative movement.
The Rochdale Equitable Pioneers Society was the first modern cooperative business, selling high-quality goods.
Rochdale Principles included democratic control, open membership, and limited interest on capital, among others.
Bill Robert Owen is considered the first cooperative theorist and inspired the Rochdale Pioneers.
Dr. William King founded 'The Cooperator' in 1828, providing practical advice on running cooperatives.
Beatrice Webb authored 'The Cooperative Movement in Great Britain' in 1891, documenting its history.
Worldwide, cooperatives have around 800 million members and employ around 100 million people.
Cooperatives in the Philippines were influenced by European movements and began with rural credit associations.
Republic Act 821 in the Philippines established a system of liberal credit for small farmers in 1952.
Transcripts
history of the cooperative
during ancient times proofs of human
groupings were discovered in caves
valleys rivers lakes and seas
during medieval times agricultural
production stimulated the creation of
markets
surplus products and raw materials were
sold
at this economic stage people no longer
produced only what they could consume
they had to produce more to acquire more
money from their own needs and comforts
thus trade and commerce developed and
prospered
as early as 300 bc the greeks had formed
associations known as ironoy
which were organized in toy tonic europe
between the 17th and 15th centuries
merchant guilds arising from the need to
protect their social and economic gains
conducted business over long distances
by the 12th century
they performed all the operations in
merchandising goods
transporting and retailing by the 12th
century
all types of crafts guild start
splitting off and formed organizations
the industrial revolution started in the
18th century in england
it changed the social and economic life
of the people
the introduction of machines in
factories caused misfortunes to many
people who had depended mainly on
weaving for their livelihood
the traditional industries were rendered
unprofitable by other factories that
utilized better machines and technology
the cooperative movement began in
britain in the 19th century in response
to the industrial revolution and the
economic transformations that were
threatening the livelihoods of many
workers
there were earlier efforts by workers to
form cooperatives
the shore porters society claims to be
one of the world's first cooperatives
being established in aberdeen scotland
in 1498 the fenwick weavers society in
1761 foster high standards in the
weaving craft
but activities later expanded to include
collective purchasing of bulk food items
and books in 1769 members formed a
consumer cooperative and manhandled a
sack of oatmeal into john walker's
white-washed front room and began
selling the contents at a discount in
the decades that followed more scottish
cooperatives formed
including lennox town-friendly
vetu-aling society
founded in 1812 the focus of the lennox
town group was operation of the busy
linux mill
where tenants of the wood had a state
brought their corn to be ground
the printing of calico and other cotton
cloth was soon established as a major
industry in the area
cooperative banks or credit unions were
invented in germany in the mid 19th
century
by 1830 several hundred cooperatives had
been formed
some were initially successful but most
had failed by 1840.
it was not until 1844 when a cooperative
society established the roachdale
principles
on which they ran their co-op that the
basis for development and growth of the
modern cooperative movement was
established
in 1844 a group of 28 artisans working
in the cotton mills in the town of
roachdale
in the north of england established the
first modern cooperative business
the roachdale equitable pioneers society
initially there were only four items for
sale
these are flour oatmeal sugar and butter
[Music]
on december 21 1844 they opened their
store for only two nights a week
within three months they expanded their
selection to include tea and tobacco and
the business had grown so much that it
was open
five days a week they were soon known
for providing high quality
unadulterated goods the original
roachdale principles defining
cooperative organizations were
democratic control open membership
limited interest on capital
distribution of surplus in proportion to
a member's contribution to the society
cash trading only no use of credit
providing for the education of members
in cooperative principles
and political and religious neutrality
these have evolved somewhat over time
and the international cooperative
alliance
the official governing body of
cooperatives now considers the first
four of the roachdale principles central
to the governance of member
organizations with the last three deemed
important but not
vital the fact of the matter is that
many cooperatives have very clear
political or religious agendas
most also use credit as a means of sale
bill robert owen is the first
cooperative theorist and credited with
inspiring the roachdale pioneers
who in 1844 began the cooperative
movement at roachdale
lancashire owen believed in putting his
workers in a good environment with
access to education for themselves and
their children
these ideas were put into effect
successfully in the cotton mills of new
lanark
scotland owen had the idea of forming
villages of cooperation
where workers would drag themselves out
of poverty by growing their own food
making their own glows and ultimately
becoming self-governing
dr william king believed in starting
small
and realized that the working classes
would need to set up cooperatives for
themselves
so he saw his role as one of instruction
he founded a monthly periodical called
the cooperator
the first edition of which appeared on
may first 1828
this gave a mixture of cooperative
philosophy and practical advice about
running a shop using cooperative
principles
he proposed sensible rules such as
having a weekly account audit
having three trustees and not having
meetings in pubs
to avoid the temptation of drinking
profits charles fourier the pioneers
established the first consumer
cooperative
leading to a worldwide movement they
also experimented with a producer
cooperative
which soon failed beatrice webb
was the author of the cooperative
movement in great britain
1891. the roachdale pioneers as they
became known set out the roachdale
principles in 1844
which have been highly influential
throughout the cooperative movement
in modern form cooperatives date from
1844
then a group of 28 impoverished weavers
of roachdale
england founded a mutual aid society
called the roachdale society of
equitable pioneers
the successful example of cooperative
business provided by the roachdale
society
which also established between 1850 and
1855 where a flower mill
a shoe factory and textile plant was
quickly emulated throughout the country
[Music]
world cooperative movement worldwide
some 800 million people are members of
cooperatives
and it is estimated that cooperatives
employ some 100 million people
notable among the european countries in
which consumer cooperation received
early popular support were france
germany belgium austria italy
denmark finland norway and sweden
credit unions are also established in
the uk
the largest are work-based but many are
now offering services in the wider
community
the association of british credit unions
limited represents the majority of
british credit unions
british building societies developed
into general purpose savings and banking
institutions with one member
one vote ownership and can be seen as a
form of financial cooperative
although many demutualized into
conventionally owned banks in the 1980s
and 1990s
members of a building cooperative pool
resources to build housing
normally using a high proportion of
their own labor
when the building is finished each
member is the sole owner of a homestead
and the cooperative may be dissolved
history of cooperatives in the
philippines
filipinos who have traveled europe in
the later part of the 19th century must
have been impressed with the success of
a new economic movement
bringing about a gradual transformation
in the economic and social life of the
people
at the turn of the century filipinos in
increasing number
traveled and studied abroad and brought
home with them new ideas
two names worthy of note were doctor
jose p reisel and teodoro sandico
in dubpitton rizzle had his ideas and
cooperation partially fulfilled
he put up a school for the poor
community in a store with the help of
his pupils on a purely cooperative basis
one noteworthy group organized by
russell was a law sociedad the loss of a
coleros
society of abaco producers this
functioned for only one year
russell returned the members share
capital without any loss
teodoro sandico and his travels to
europe
must have had a close contact with the
cooperative movement in germany where he
came across with the ray fison movement
he was very much impressed by this type
of cooperative that he looked forward
for an opportunity to introduce it in
the philippines
the administration of the rural credit
law was entrusted to the bureau of
agriculture
the first rural credit association that
was organized under this law was the
agricultural credit cooperative
association of cabanachuan
nueva it was formed on october 18 1916
with this initial organization farmers
in different provinces were organized
at the end of 1926 there were 544 rural
credit cooperatives organized in 42
provinces and by 1930 there were 571
associations formed all over the country
in 1935 however about 90
of these cooperatives were inactive with
no funds left in their treasury
the cooperative marketing law act
was enacted and approved on december 9
1927
by 1939 only 164 societies were actually
organized with a total membership of
around 5 000
farmers with this number only 35
reported their sale of products to the
bureau of commerce
the number of associations reporting
indicated that only 20
of the organized associations were
active
in recognition of the strategic position
occupied by our farmers in the social
structure and economic development of
the country
the philippine congress enacted republic
act 821 in 1952
this law established a system of liberal
credit which is specially designed to
meet the needs of the small
farmers it also created an
administrative agency known as the
agricultural credit and cooperative
financing administration
special thanks to our beloved professor
mung ellen
and to the people behind the production
of this video
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