SEJARAH DAULAH ABBASIYAH --- Lengkap

Roudlon CHanel

29 Jul 202212:26

Summary

TLDRThis video from Rolton Channel delves into the history of the Abbasid Caliphate, established by Abul Abbas As-Saffah in 750 AD. It explores the decline of the Umayyad Dynasty, the strategic rise of the Abbasids, and their eventual dominance, marking the Golden Age of Islam. The video highlights the Abbasid strategies, societal support, and the pivotal battles that led to their victory. It also touches upon the Umayyad resurgence in Andalusia and the administrative innovations introduced by the Abbasids, setting the stage for their long-lasting influence on Islamic civilization.

Takeaways

📜 The Abbasid Caliphate was founded by Abdul Abbas as-Saffah in 750 CE, marking a new era following the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate.
🏛️ Named after the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, Abbas bin Abdul-Muttalib, the Abbasid Caliphate ruled for over 500 years, from 750 to 1258 CE, known as the Golden Age of Islam.
⚔️ The Abbasid movement gained momentum through small religious gatherings in Hamima, Jordan, eventually growing into a significant political force under Muhammad bin Ali.
🤝 The Abbasids garnered widespread support due to their association with Ahlul Bait (the family of the Prophet), appealing to groups disillusioned with Umayyad rule, including Shia, Khawarij, and non-Arab Muslims (mawali).
🌍 The movement's strategic expansion spread from Hamima to Iraq and Khurasan, effectively leveraging discontent with the Umayyad's Arab-centric governance.
🚩 The Abbasid movement persisted despite setbacks, such as the capture of Ibrahim al-Imam, by continuing under the leadership of his brother, Abul Abbas as-Saffah.
🗡️ The Abbasids, with the help of military leader Abu Muslim al-Khurasani, defeated the Umayyads in the pivotal Battle of al-Zab, leading to the eventual capture of Umayyad territories.
🌟 The Abbasid leadership established a new capital at al-Anbar (later known as al-Hashimiyah) in Iraq, signifying a shift in power and the beginning of a flourishing era for Islamic culture and science.
🏛️ Abul Abbas as-Saffah restructured the Abbasid government, introducing the position of vizier (prime minister) and appointing Khalid Bin Barmak, a Persian mawali, reflecting their diverse support base.
🏙️ The Abbasids later moved the capital to Baghdad, transforming it into a thriving center of learning and culture, symbolizing the peak of Islamic civilization during their rule.

Q & A

Who founded the Abbasid Dynasty?
-The Abbasid Dynasty was founded by Abdul Abbas As-Saffah in the year 750 AD, which corresponds to the year 132 Hijriyah.
What significant battle marked the beginning of the Abbasid rule?
-The significant battle that marked the beginning of the Abbasid rule was the Battle of Al-Zab, where the Abbasid forces defeated the Umayyad forces led by Marwan bin Muhammad.
How long did the Abbasid Dynasty rule?
-The Abbasid Dynasty ruled for over 509 years, from 750 AD to 1258 AD.
What is the significance of the Abbasid Dynasty in Islamic history?
-The Abbasid Dynasty is significant in Islamic history as it represented the Golden Age of Islam, a period of extraordinary advancement in various fields such as science, culture, and economy.
What factors contributed to the rise of the Abbasid movement?
-The Abbasid movement rose due to various factors including the decline of the Umayyad rule, support from different groups such as the Shia and non-Arab communities, and the strategic use of political and military tactics.
How did the Abbasid movement initially begin?
-The Abbasid movement began as small religious gatherings in Hamimah, Jordan, around 100 Hijriyah, which later evolved into a larger political movement under the leadership of Muhammad bin Ali.
Why did the Abbasid movement gain widespread support?
-The Abbasid movement gained widespread support due to its slogan advocating for the rights of the Ahlul Bait (family of the Prophet Muhammad) and its promise to restore justice and fairness, attracting those dissatisfied with the Umayyad rule.
What was the role of Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani in the Abbasid revolution?
-Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani played a crucial role as a military commander who significantly contributed to the success of the Abbasid revolution by leading military campaigns and gaining key territorial control.
What changes did the Abbasid rulers implement after coming to power?
-After coming to power, the Abbasid rulers implemented changes such as establishing a new administrative system with the introduction of the Wazir (prime minister) position and shifting the capital from Damascus to Al-Anbar and later to Baghdad.
Who was the first Wazir (prime minister) appointed by the Abbasids?
-The first Wazir (prime minister) appointed by the Abbasids was Khalid bin Barmak, a Persian representative of the Mawali, as a reward for their support during the revolution.

Outlines

00:00

📜 The Rise of the Abbasid Caliphate

The video introduces the Abbasid Caliphate, founded by Abdul Abbas As-Saffah in 750 CE (132 Hijriyah). The Abbasids, named after Abbas bin Abdul-Muthalib, an uncle of Prophet Muhammad, rose to power by overthrowing the Umayyad dynasty led by Marwan bin Muhammad in the Battle of al-Zab. This era marked the Golden Age of Islam, characterized by significant advancements and prosperity.

05:02

🌍 Expansion and Strategy of the Abbasid Movement

The Abbasid movement initially began as small gatherings in Hamima, Jordan, around 100 Hijriyah under the Umayyad Caliphate led by Umar bin Abdul Aziz. The movement expanded rapidly, leveraging the slogan of the Ahlul Bait, and garnered widespread support, including from the Shia and Khawarij groups, as well as non-Arab populations dissatisfied with Umayyad rule. The strategic centers were Hamima for planning, Kufa for public opinion formation, and Khurasan for dissemination.

10:03

⚔️ Struggles and Strategies Leading to Abbasid Victory

After Muhammad bin Ali's death, his son Ibrahim Al Imam led the Abbasid movement. Despite being imprisoned and executed by the Umayyads, the movement persisted under Abdullah bin Muhammad (Abul Abbas As-Saffah). With the help of key allies like Abu Salamah and Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani, the Abbasids eventually defeated the Umayyads in the Battle of al-Zab. Marwan bin Muhammad was pursued and killed, securing Abbasid control.

🏛 Establishment and Reforms of the Abbasid Caliphate

After the fall of the Umayyads, Abul Abbas became the first Abbasid caliph, establishing the capital at Al-Anbar, later renamed Al-Hasyimiyah. The Abbasids introduced new governmental structures, including the position of Wazir (Prime Minister), with Khalid bin Barmak as the first appointee. The Abbasid era saw rapid development and the flourishing of Islamic civilization, known as the Golden Age. Future videos promise to explore this era's achievements, key figures, and the eventual move of the capital to Baghdad.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Daulah Abbasiyah

The Abbasid Caliphate, a major Islamic dynasty that ruled from 750 to 1258 AD. It is the central focus of the video, which discusses its rise, governance, and cultural achievements during the Golden Age of Islam. The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate to establish their rule.

💡Abul Abbas as-Saffah

The first caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, whose full name is Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas. He played a crucial role in establishing the Abbasid Caliphate by overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphate, particularly during the Battle of al-Zab.

💡Golden Age of Islam

A period during the Abbasid Caliphate marked by significant advancements in science, technology, medicine, literature, and culture. The video highlights this era as the pinnacle of Islamic civilization, illustrating the Abbasid's contributions to global knowledge and culture.

💡Daulah Umayyah

The Umayyad Caliphate, the ruling dynasty before the Abbasids, known for its expansion and consolidation of the Islamic empire. The video details the decline of the Umayyad Caliphate and the factors leading to its downfall at the hands of the Abbasids.

💡Ahlul Bait

The family of the Prophet Muhammad, whose support was crucial for the Abbasid's rise to power. The video explains how the Abbasids leveraged their connection to the Prophet's family to gain legitimacy and support from various Islamic factions.

💡Abu Muslim al-Khurasani

A key military leader who supported the Abbasids in their revolution against the Umayyads. His role in organizing and leading the Abbasid forces is emphasized in the video, highlighting his strategic importance in their victory.

💡Marwan bin Muhammad

The last Umayyad caliph, whose defeat marked the end of the Umayyad Caliphate. The video discusses his attempts to defend the Umayyad rule and his eventual flight and death, which signaled the complete takeover by the Abbasids.

💡Baghdad

The capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate, established by Caliph al-Mansur. The video mentions the significance of Baghdad as the center of learning and culture during the Golden Age of Islam, underlining its importance to the Abbasid legacy.

💡Khalid Bin Barmak

The first vizier (prime minister) of the Abbasid Caliphate, representing the Persian support for the Abbasids. His appointment highlights the inclusive and multicultural approach of the Abbasid administration, which helped in their governance and consolidation of power.

💡Al-Anbar

A city near the Euphrates River in Iraq, which served as a temporary capital for the Abbasid Caliphate before the establishment of Baghdad. The video discusses its strategic significance and its role as a base for the Abbasid movement during their early years of rule.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of Daulah Abbasiyah and its significance in Islamic history.

Explanation of the foundation of the Abbasiyah dynasty by Abdul Abbas as-Saffah in 750 CE.

Abul Abbas as-Saffah became the first caliph after overthrowing the Umayyad dynasty.

The Abbasiyah dynasty ruled for over 509 years, marking the Golden Age of Islam.

Discussion on why the Abbasiyah movement grew rapidly and gained widespread support.

The origins of the Abbasiyah movement traced back to small study groups in Hamimah, Jordan around 100 Hijriyah.

The movement's slogan, Ahlul Bait, resonated with people, advocating for the return of leadership to the family of the Prophet Muhammad.

Expansion of the Abbasiyah movement to regions like Kufa and Khurasan, becoming significant political hubs.

Decline of the Umayyad dynasty due to internal conflicts and dissatisfaction among the population.

Collaboration of various groups like Shia, Khawarij, and non-Arabs with the Abbasiyah movement due to shared grievances.

Leadership transition within the Abbasiyah movement after the death of Muhammad bin Ali to his son Ibrahim Al Imam.

Ibrahim Al Imam's strategic partnership with military commander Abu Muslim al-Khurasani.

Capture and imprisonment of Ibrahim Al Imam by the Umayyad caliph Marwan bin Muhammad.

Continuation of the Abbasiyah movement by Abul Abbas as-Saffah after his brother Ibrahim's capture.

Key role of Abu Salamah al-Khallas in advancing the Abbasiyah movement from Kufa.

Decisive battle at Al-Zab River leading to the defeat of the Umayyad forces and the establishment of the Abbasiyah rule.

Migration and establishment of the Umayyad dynasty in Andalusia by Abdurrahman after fleeing the Abbasiyah forces.

Abul Abbas as-Saffah's decision to set the capital in Al-Anbar near Kufa, renaming it Al-Hashimiyah.

Introduction of the vizier (prime minister) role in the Abbasiyah administration, with Khalid Bin Barmak as the first vizier.

Rapid development and achievements of the Abbasiyah dynasty, marking the pinnacle of Islamic civilization.