3 Cara AMPUH Mengumpulkan Data Penelitian Kualitatif: Wawancara, Observasi, Catatan Lapangan

Summary

This video discusses various methods of data collection in research, focusing on two main sources: words (interviews, conversations) and observed actions (behaviors, activities). It covers key data collection techniques such as passive observation, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. Ethical considerations are highlighted, particularly regarding privacy and transparency. The importance of field notes, interview methods, and the researcher’s role in ensuring reliable, adaptable data collection is emphasized. The video also touches on the use of focus groups and the careful selection of relevant data to meet research goals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Data in research can come from words (e.g., phrases, narratives, interviews) and observed actions (e.g., behaviors, activities, social interactions).
• 😀 Data collection techniques include being an unknown observer, conducting in-depth interviews, and participating in active research.
• 😀 Written sources such as books, scientific journals, documents, and archives are valuable data sources for research.
• 😀 Photos, films, and statistical data also serve as essential tools for gathering information, providing visual and numerical context.
• 😀 Researchers play a crucial role in data collection and analysis, with human involvement being irreplaceable in qualitative research.
• 😀 Observation can be either direct or participatory, and data can be recorded through various methods, such as video, audio, or photographs.
• 😀 Interviews are a common method of data collection, with in-depth interviews being useful for exploring complex, sensitive issues.
• 😀 Interviews can be structured or unstructured. Structured interviews follow a predetermined sequence, while unstructured ones are more flexible.
• 😀 Face-to-face interviews provide richer data, but they can be more time-consuming and subject to interviewer bias.
• 😀 Field notes, group discussions, and focus groups are also used to collect qualitative data, often involving thematic exploration and group interaction.

Q & A

What are the two main sources of data in research?

The two main sources of data in research are words (which include phrases, narratives, transcripts, interviews, and conversations) and observed actions (such as behaviors, social interactions, and activities).

What are some examples of written data used in research?

Written data can include books, scientific journals, documents like letters and personal notes, archives, reports, and other similar sources.

What types of data collection techniques are mentioned in the script?

The script mentions three main data collection techniques: the unknown observer (where researchers observe without participation), in-depth interviews (which prioritize asking and listening), and participant observation (where researchers actively engage in the research environment).

What is the role of the researcher in data collection, particularly in qualitative research?

In qualitative research, the researcher is the main data collection and analysis tool. Their role is essential, as they are responsible for observing, recording, and analyzing data throughout the research process.

What are some ethical considerations when collecting data without the subject's knowledge?

Ethical considerations include ensuring that the data collection process respects the privacy and consent of the subjects. Using electronic devices to record without the subject's knowledge must be handled carefully to avoid ethical violations.

What are the two types of interview guidelines mentioned in the script?

The two types of interview guidelines are the unstructured guideline, which is flexible and based on main topics, and the structured guideline, which is more systematic and involves a predetermined sequence of questions.

What are the advantages and limitations of face-to-face interviews?

Face-to-face interviews provide richer and deeper data due to direct contact, allowing for sensitivity and more in-depth discussions. However, they are more time-consuming and costly, and there's a higher chance of interviewer bias.

How does a telephone interview differ from a face-to-face interview?

A telephone interview allows for quicker responses and is more cost-effective but lacks the ability to observe nonverbal expressions, which may limit the depth of understanding. The respondent can also end the conversation at any time.

What are field notes, and why are they important in qualitative research?

Field notes are written records of what the researcher hears, sees, experiences, and thinks during data collection. They are essential in qualitative research for documenting observations and reflecting on the data.

What is the purpose of group discussions or focus groups in qualitative research?

Group discussions or focus groups are used to collect qualitative data by engaging a small group of individuals (usually 6 to 12) in a structured conversation about a specific topic. The goal is to gather diverse perspectives in a controlled, guided setting.