Pemeriksaan ABI (Ankle Brachial Index)

Summary

This video script guides viewers through the process of performing an Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) examination, a non-invasive test used to assess blood circulation by comparing blood pressure in the ankle and arm. The procedure involves using a Doppler device and sphygmomanometer to measure systolic pressure at various points on the patient's limbs. The script highlights the importance of ABI in diagnosing peripheral arterial disease (PAD), especially in patients with diabetes mellitus. After conducting the measurements, the script explains how to calculate the ABI and interpret normal results, emphasizing regular exercise and foot care to maintain healthy circulation.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) test compares blood pressure in the ankle and arm to assess arterial health.
• 😀 ABI is a non-invasive procedure used to detect peripheral arterial disease (PAD), often linked to conditions like diabetes.
• 😀 The main tools for conducting an ABI test include non-sterile gloves, tissue, a hand-held Doppler, sphygmomanometer, and recording forms.
• 😀 During the procedure, blood pressure measurements are taken from both arms and both legs, using a Doppler to detect blood flow.
• 😀 The test measures systolic blood pressure at the arm and ankle, and a ratio is calculated to assess circulation health.
• 😀 A normal ABI result ranges from 1.0 to 1.4, with a result below 0.9 indicating potential PAD.
• 😀 The procedure is performed step-by-step on both arms and legs, starting from the right side, then moving to the left.
• 😀 The Doppler device is used to detect arterial sounds and monitor the pressure at each measurement site.
• 😀 After obtaining blood pressure readings from both the arms and ankles, the results are recorded for analysis.
• 😀 The final ABI value is calculated by dividing the blood pressure at the ankle by the blood pressure at the arm, which helps interpret the results.
• 😀 A result of 1.0 for both the right and left extremities indicates normal blood flow, suggesting no signs of peripheral arterial disease.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) test?

The ABI test is used to compare the blood pressure at the ankle with that at the arm to assess blood circulation and detect potential Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), which is common in patients with diabetes.

What are the main tools used in the ABI test?

The main tools include non-sterile gloves, tissue, hand sanitizer, Doppler ultrasound, a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff), and a form for recording measurements.

How is the blood pressure measured during the ABI test?

The sphygmomanometer is inflated around the arm or ankle to measure the systolic pressure. The Doppler ultrasound is used to detect the sound of blood flow, and the cuff is inflated until the sound stops, then deflated slowly to record the pressure.

What should be recorded after measuring the blood pressure?

The systolic blood pressure at both the arm and ankle should be recorded for both the right and left limbs.

How is the ABI calculated?

The ABI is calculated by dividing the systolic blood pressure at the ankle by the systolic blood pressure at the arm. For example, if the ankle pressure is 100 mmHg and the arm pressure is also 100 mmHg, the ABI is 1.0.

What does an ABI value of 1.0 indicate?

An ABI value of 1.0 indicates normal blood circulation in the limbs, with no significant arterial blockage.

What does an ABI value below 0.9 suggest?

An ABI value below 0.9 may indicate possible Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), suggesting that there might be a blockage or narrowing of the arteries.

What does an ABI value above 1.4 indicate?

An ABI value above 1.4 may suggest stiff arteries, which can occur due to conditions like arteriosclerosis, and might require further investigation.

Why is it important to clean the area after using the Doppler ultrasound and the cuff?

It is important to clean the area to maintain hygiene, prevent cross-contamination, and ensure the patient's comfort after the procedure.

What lifestyle recommendations are given to the patient after the ABI test?

The patient is advised to engage in regular exercise, participate in diabetic foot care exercises, and ensure proper circulation through activities like walking or other cardiovascular exercises.