Skill Lab [Ankle Brachial Index] / Pemeriksaan ABI #stayathome

Summary

The video explains how to measure the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), a key parameter used to assess the severity of peripheral artery disease and artery blockages. The ABI is typically measured by comparing the highest systolic pressure at the ankle with the highest systolic pressure in the brachial artery, which can be done using a simple blood pressure cuff and stethoscope. The video also covers the interpretation of ABI results, with categories ranging from normal to indicating severe arterial blockages, and stresses the importance of consulting a vascular specialist based on the findings.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is used to assess the severity of peripheral artery disease and determine the extent of arterial blockage.
• 😀 ABI measurements were traditionally done using a Doppler device, but now simple equipment like a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer can be used.
• 😀 The ABI is calculated by comparing the highest systolic pressure at the ankle to the highest systolic pressure at the brachial artery.
• 😀 Systolic pressure at the ankle can be measured at the dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, or anterior tibial arteries.
• 😀 Systolic pressure at the brachial artery is measured using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.
• 😀 The procedure begins with greeting the patient, explaining the procedure, and obtaining consent before starting the test.
• 😀 The test is performed in a calm and organized manner, ensuring patient comfort throughout the process.
• 😀 The ABI result is determined by dividing the highest systolic pressure at the ankle by the highest systolic pressure at the brachial artery.
• 😀 In the example, the ABI result was 1.07, which falls within the normal range.
• 😀 The ABI categories range from normal (1.0 - 1.4) to severe peripheral artery disease (less than 0.5), with intermediate ranges indicating varying levels of arterial disease.
• 😀 An ABI below 0.9 suggests the presence of arterial disease, while an ABI below 0.5 indicates severe peripheral artery disease, requiring referral to a vascular specialist.

Q & A

What is the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)?

The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is a parameter used to assess the severity of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and evaluate the extent of arterial blockages or narrowing in the arteries of the legs.

How is the ABI measurement traditionally performed?

ABI measurements were traditionally performed using a Doppler device. However, due to the increasing difficulty in obtaining Doppler devices, simpler methods using a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) and a stethoscope can now be used.

What equipment is required to measure ABI with the alternative method mentioned in the script?

The alternative method for measuring ABI involves using a simple sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff), a stethoscope, and optionally a mercury or aneroid blood pressure gauge.

How is the ABI calculated?

ABI is calculated by comparing the highest systolic blood pressure recorded at the ankle (either from the dorsalis pedis or tibialis posterior artery) with the highest systolic blood pressure recorded at the brachial artery (located in the arm).

What are the steps involved in performing an ABI measurement according to the script?

The steps include introducing yourself to the patient, explaining the procedure, obtaining informed consent, positioning the patient, measuring the systolic blood pressure at the ankle, and comparing it with the brachial systolic pressure to calculate the ABI.

What was the result of the ABI measurement in the script?

The ABI measurement in the script resulted in an index of 1.07, which falls within the normal range for ABI.

What are the categories of ABI and their corresponding conditions?

The ABI categories are as follows: 1.0–1.4 (normal), 0.9–1.0 (borderline), 0.5–0.9 (indicating arterial disease), and below 0.5 (severe peripheral artery disease). Lower values suggest more severe blockages or narrowing of the arteries.

What does an ABI index below 0.9 indicate?

An ABI index below 0.9 (ranging from 0.8 to 0.9) suggests the presence of arterial disease, which warrants further evaluation.

What is the significance of an ABI value between 0.5 and 0.8?

An ABI value between 0.5 and 0.8 indicates moderate peripheral artery disease and suggests the need for further consultation with a vascular specialist.

What should be done if an ABI index is less than 0.5?

An ABI index below 0.5 indicates severe peripheral artery disease, and the patient should be referred to a vascular specialist for urgent consultation and treatment.