Sejarah Kerajaan Demak || lewat inspirasi wayang

Summary

The Kingdom of Demak, located in Central Java, was initially a vassal under the Majapahit Empire before becoming an influential Muslim kingdom. Established in 1478, it flourished under Raden Patah and expanded its influence along Java's northern coast and beyond, including parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan. The kingdom attempted to challenge Portuguese control over Malacca. Following the death of Raden Patah, his son Adipati Unus continued the efforts before his death in 1521. Sultan Trenggana later expanded the kingdom further. Demak's decline began after Trenggana's death in 1546. Key legacies include the Demak Grand Mosque and the leadership of figures like Fatahillah, who founded the city of Jayakarta (modern-day Jakarta).

Takeaways

• 😀 Demak was originally a sub-region under the Majapahit Kingdom before becoming a prominent kingdom in its own right.
• 😀 Before being known as Demak, the area was referred to as Bintoro, a region under Jepara with the only Islamic ruler among Majapahit’s sub-regions.
• 😀 Demak’s kingdom was located in Central Java, specifically in the Bintoro region, and controlled the northern coastal trade routes of Java.
• 😀 The kingdom of Demak is believed to have been established in 1478, following the decline of Majapahit, with the year marked by the ‘candrasengkala’ (symbolic date).
• 😀 Raden Patah was crowned as the first king of Demak, taking the title 'Senopati Jimbun Abdurrahman', and his leadership laid the foundation for Demak's expansion.
• 😀 Under Raden Patah’s leadership (1481–1518), Demak grew into a major kingdom with control over other regions along Java’s northern coast and extended influence to Kalimantan, Palembang, and Jambi.
• 😀 Demak’s power reached its peak when the kingdom made attempts to liberate Malacca from Portuguese control in the early 1500s under the leadership of Raden Patah's son, Adipati Unus.
• 😀 Adipati Unus, known for his attempts to reclaim Malacca, was honored with the title 'Pangeran Sebrang Lor' (Prince who fell across the North). He passed away in 1521.
• 😀 After the death of Raden Patah in 1518, Demak was ruled by Adipati Unus and later his brother, Sultan Trenggana, who reigned from 1521 to 1546.
• 😀 Sultan Trenggana expanded Demak’s territory significantly, including a campaign in the Panarukan region, but was eventually killed in battle in 1546, marking the beginning of Demak's decline.
• 😀 The legacy of Demak includes important cultural and historical landmarks such as the Sunan Kalijaga tomb, the Great Mosque of Demak, Lawang Badak, and several key Islamic artifacts.
• 😀 Fatahillah, a prominent general from Demak, led the military campaign against the Portuguese at Sunda Kelapa in 1527, renaming it Jayakarta (City of Victory), later becoming Jakarta.

Q & A

What was Demak before it became a kingdom?

Before becoming a kingdom, Demak was a kadipaten (duchy) under the authority of the Majapahit Kingdom. It was originally known as Bintoro and was part of the Jepara region.

Why is Demak significant in Islamic history in Java?

Demak is significant because it was the only kadipaten (duchy) where the ruler had embraced Islam, making it an important center for the spread of Islam in Java.

When is the estimated founding year of the Demak Kingdom?

The Demak Kingdom is estimated to have been founded in 1478 CE, based on the fall of the Majapahit Kingdom, marked by the candrasengkala 'sirna ilang kertaning bumi,' which refers to the year Saka 1400, equivalent to 1478 CE.

Who was the first king of Demak and how was he appointed?

The first king of Demak was Raden Patah, who was crowned as Senopati Jimbun Abdurrahman by the wali (Islamic saints) around 1478 CE, following the fall of the Majapahit Kingdom.

What role did Raden Patah play in the expansion of the Demak Kingdom?

Under Raden Patah's leadership, the Demak Kingdom expanded significantly. By 1481-1518, Demak controlled areas along the northern coast of Java, with its influence extending to major ports in East Java, Kalimantan, Palembang, and Jambi.

What military campaign did Adipati Unus lead, and what was the outcome?

Adipati Unus led a military campaign in 1512-1513 to free Malaka from Portuguese control and to gain dominance over the Strait of Malacca. However, he died during the campaign and was given the title 'Pangeran Sebrang Lor' (Prince of the Northern Shore).

What was the significance of the large ships used by Demak in their military campaigns?

The large ships used by Demak in their expeditions, such as those involved in the Malaka campaign, were capable of carrying up to 1,000 people and were equipped with large cannons, demonstrating the kingdom's naval strength.

Who succeeded Adipati Unus as the ruler of Demak, and what was his achievement?

After Adipati Unus's death in 1521, his brother, Sultan Trenggana, succeeded him. Sultan Trenggana expanded the kingdom further into the interior, defeating local powers and successfully leading an expedition against Panarukan.

What happened after Sultan Trenggana's death?

Sultan Trenggana's death in 1546 led to the decline of the Demak Kingdom. The kingdom's power started to weaken, marking the end of its dominance.

What are some of the key historical remnants of the Demak Kingdom?

Key remnants from the Demak Kingdom include the Masjid Agung Demak (Great Mosque of Demak), the tomb of Sunan Kalijaga, and other historical artifacts such as the Lawang Badak painting, Soko Guru (pillars of the mosque), and items like the Piring Cambai Maksuro.

Who was Fatahillah, and what was his role in Demak's history?

Fatahillah, a military leader from the Demak Kingdom, played a crucial role in the conquest of Portuguese-controlled Sunda Kelapa in 1527. After the victory, he renamed the city to Jayakarta, meaning 'City of Victory.'