Belajar Sejarah - Kerajaan Demak

Summary

The Kingdom of Demak, initially a vassal of Majapahit, grew powerful under Sultan Raden Fatah, a descendant of the Majapahit royal family. Demak expanded its territory and influence through battles against the Portuguese in Malacca and the conquest of Sunda Kelapa (now Jakarta). Successive rulers like Pati Unus and Sultan Trenggana further strengthened Demak, but internal conflicts, including the assassination of Sunan Prawoto, weakened the kingdom. After Arya Penangsang's rise and defeat by Hadiwijaya, the center of power shifted to Pajang, marking the end of Demak's dominance. Key legacies include the Masjid Agung Demak, a symbol of the kingdom's Islamic influence.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Demak Sultanate originated as a vassal of the Majapahit Kingdom and grew to prominence after the fall of Majapahit in 1478 CE.
• 😀 Demak was initially a settlement for Muslims under the leadership of Raden Patah, with guidance from Sunan Ampel.
• 😀 Raden Patah, who was a descendant of Majapahit's royal family, became the first Sultan of Demak, focusing on both military expansion and Islamic propagation.
• 😀 Demak expanded significantly under Raden Patah's rule, including the establishment of the Masjid Agung Demak in 1513 CE.
• 😀 Raden Patah's son, Pati Unus, continued the fight against the Portuguese in Malaka, gaining fame for his courage before dying in 1521 CE.
• 😀 Pati Unus was succeeded by Sultan Trenggana, who led Demak to further territorial expansion and military victories, including the conquest of Sunda Kelapa (now Jakarta) in 1527.
• 😀 Sultan Trenggana's rule was marked by the ambition to unite all of Java under Demak's control, but his reign ended in 1546 after he died in battle.
• 😀 The succession crisis following Trenggana's death led to the murder of Sunan Prawoto, the next Sultan, by Arya Penangsang.
• 😀 Arya Penangsang briefly ruled Demak, but his rule was marked by conflict with rival nobles, including Adipati Jepara and Hadiwijaya of Pajang.
• 😀 After Arya Penangsang was killed in 1550, Hadiwijaya moved Demak's capital to Pajang, effectively ending the Sultanate of Demak and shifting its power base from a maritime to an agrarian kingdom.

Q & A

What was the origin of the Kingdom of Demak?

The Kingdom of Demak originated as a small cadet state under the Majapahit Empire, which collapsed around 1478, allowing Demak to assert its independence.

Who was the first Sultan of Demak?

The first Sultan of Demak was Raden Patah, who took the title Sultan Alam Akbar Al-Fattah. He was the son of Majapahit king Prabu Brawijaya V and a Chinese princess.

What role did Raden Patah play in the spread of Islam in Java?

Raden Patah played a crucial role in spreading Islam in Java by establishing the Masjid Agung Demak in 1513 and supporting the work of the Wali Songo, a group of Islamic missionaries.

What significant military campaign did Pati Unus undertake during his reign?

Pati Unus, the son of Raden Patah, led a military campaign against the Portuguese in Malaka, seeking to disrupt their monopoly over trade in the region.

What was the impact of Pati Unus' death on the Demak Sultanate?

Pati Unus' death in 1521 led to a brief succession crisis, as he was succeeded by his brother, Sultan Trenggana, who continued to expand Demak’s territory.

How did Sultan Trenggana contribute to the expansion of Demak?

Sultan Trenggana expanded Demak's territory by conquering regions such as West Java and East Java, and he successfully captured Sunda Kelapa (modern-day Jakarta) from the Portuguese in 1527.

What was the significance of the conquest of Sunda Kelapa by Demak?

The conquest of Sunda Kelapa by Demak in 1527 was significant as it marked the expansion of Demak’s influence and the renaming of the region to Jakarta, which would later become Indonesia's capital.

What led to the downfall of Sultan Trenggana and the subsequent shift in leadership?

Sultan Trenggana died in 1546 during a military campaign, leading to a power struggle between potential successors, with his son, Sunan Prawoto, eventually ascending the throne before being murdered by Arya Penangsang in 1549.

Who was Arya Penangsang, and what role did he play in the fall of Demak?

Arya Penangsang was a claimant to the throne of Demak. After his rivals were eliminated, including Sunan Prawoto, Arya Penangsang briefly became the ruler, but he was eventually killed by Sutawijaya, ending his reign and marking the end of Demak’s dominance.

How did the capital of Demak shift, and what were the consequences of this change?

In 1550, Hadiwijaya (also known as Joko Tingkir) moved the capital from Demak to Pajang, signaling the end of Demak as a powerful kingdom and its transformation from a maritime to an agrarian-based kingdom.