La migración interna en el Perú
Summary
TLDRThe video script explores the significant demographic shifts in Lima, Peru during the 20th century, driven by rural to urban migration in search of better job opportunities and living standards. It discusses the population explosion, the agricultural crisis, and the modernization of coastal agriculture that spurred migration to coastal cities. The script also touches on the cultural integration and the challenges faced by the cities in accommodating the influx of people, highlighting Lima's growth from 662,000 inhabitants in 1940 to over 10 million today. The video concludes with a call for collective effort towards a cleaner, just, and sustainable society for future generations.
Takeaways
- 🏙️ The 20th century positioned Lima as a city where major demographic changes occurred, transforming social structures.
- 🚶♂️ From 1940 onwards, millions of Peruvians migrated from rural areas to cities seeking better job opportunities and basic services.
- 📈 Improved living conditions, including better nutrition, hygiene, and medicine, led to significant population growth in the first half of the 20th century.
- 🌾 Agricultural crises in the Andes and modernization of coastal agriculture drove migration to coastal cities.
- 🏭 While agriculture still employed over half the population, there was significant growth in industry, mining, construction, transportation, commerce, public administration, and independent professions.
- 🧬 Migration from the Andes increased cultural mestizaje in cities, with Spanish becoming the predominant language.
- 🔗 Migrants maintained economic ties with their hometowns, creating important economic links between cities and rural areas.
- 🌆 Peru transitioned from a primarily rural country to one with a majority urban population.
- 🏚️ Cities were unprepared for the massive influx of new residents, leading to informal and precarious settlements on the peripheries.
- 🏫 Lima, as the capital, had the most schools, universities, hospitals, and urban infrastructure, drawing many migrants.
- 🌉 Centralized political, economic, and technological systems in Lima led to inefficient and unfair administration, favoring the capital over other regions.
- 📊 Lima's population grew from 662,000 in 1940 to over 10 million today, accounting for about one-third of Peru's total population.
- 🏘️ Accelerated migration and population growth led to disorderly urban expansion, with new peripheral zones gradually becoming districts.
- 💡 Initially lacking basic services, these new urban areas evolved into significant political, cultural, and economic centers by the late 20th century.
- 🌍 The goal is to work towards a cleaner, fairer, more equal, and sustainable society for future generations.
Q & A
What significant demographic phenomena occurred in Lima during the 20th century?
-Lima experienced large-scale migrations that transformed its social structures and changed the city's face, as millions of Peruvians moved from rural areas to the city in search of better job opportunities and access to basic services.
What was one of the main reasons for the migration phenomenon in Peru during the 20th century?
-One of the main reasons for the migration phenomenon was the demographic explosion in the first half of the 20th century, coupled with improvements in nutrition, hygiene, and the use of medication, which significantly increased the Peruvian population.
How did the population growth in Peru affect the agricultural sector?
-The population growth occurred in the context of an Andean agricultural crisis and the modernization of coastal agriculture, which incentivized migration to coastal cities and mobilized the workforce to other economic activities, as not everyone could adapt to agro-industrial systems.
What was the approximate population of Peru in 1940 and by 1961?
-The population of Peru approximately quadrupled to reach around 6.2 million inhabitants by 1940, and by 1961, it had grown to a surprising 9.9 million inhabitants.
How did the migration of the Andean population impact cultural dynamics in cities?
-The migration of the Andean population led to a greater cultural mestizaje in cities, with the mestizo population becoming the majority and Spanish being spoken by 65% of the inhabitants, also affecting rural areas due to the expansion of educational coverage.
What economic activities did the migrants engage in when they moved to cities?
-Migrants engaged in informal and precarious labor, as cities were not prepared to accommodate the massive influx of new inhabitants and did not have the capacity to provide them with employment.
Why did Lima become the main destination for migrants in Peru?
-Lima became the main destination due to its relatively stable and growing economy, better educational institutions per capita, universities, hospitals, urban infrastructure, and basic services like water, sewage, electricity, telephone, roads, and communication.
What was the population of Lima in 1940 and how does it compare to the current population?
-In 1940, Lima had 662,000 inhabitants, whereas today it has over 10 million, making it approximately one-third of Peru's total population of more than 33 million.
How did the rapid migration and population growth affect the urban development of cities in Peru?
-The cities grew haphazardly, with new areas forming on the urban periphery, initially lacking basic services but gradually becoming important political, cultural, and economic hubs.
What challenges did the new urban areas face at the beginning?
-The new urban areas, also known as barriadas or human settlements, initially faced a lack of electricity, water, sewage systems, and adequate communication routes.
What is the current status of these urban areas that were once considered marginal and peripheral?
-These areas have since evolved and are now recognized as important political, cultural, and economic nuclei, with improved services and infrastructure.
What is the call to action for Peruvians regarding their cities and society?
-The call to action is for all Peruvians to work towards a cleaner, just, equal, and sustainable society and city, leaving a legacy for future generations.
Outlines
🌆 Demographic Shifts and Urban Growth in Lima
The script discusses the significant demographic changes in Lima during the 20th century, highlighting the massive rural-to-urban migration in search of better job opportunities and access to basic services. The population growth was spurred by improvements in nutrition, health, and hygiene, leading to a fourfold increase by 1940. This growth was accompanied by a crisis in Andean agriculture and the modernization of coastal agriculture, which encouraged migration to coastal cities and the diversification of the workforce. The migration led to increased cultural mixing, especially in Lima, where the mestizo population became the majority and Spanish language use expanded. Despite the agricultural sector still employing over half the population, there was notable growth in industries such as mining, construction, transportation, commerce, and public administration. Lima, as the capital, offered more educational and infrastructural advantages compared to other regions, attracting a large influx of people and becoming the epicenter of this demographic shift. However, the city was unprepared for the rapid influx, leading to informal and precarious settlements in peripheral areas.
🏗️ Urban Expansion and the Evolution of Lima's Periphery
This paragraph delves into the urban sprawl that occurred as a result of the accelerated migration and population growth in Lima. Initially, the outskirts were characterized by informal settlements known as 'barriadas' or 'pueblos jóvenes', lacking basic services such as electricity, water, and proper sanitation. However, by the end of the 20th century, these areas began to evolve into important political, cultural, and economic hubs, eventually becoming recognized as official districts. The script calls for collective effort to build a cleaner, fairer, and more sustainable society for future generations. It concludes with a call to action for viewers to subscribe, like, and share the video on social media to support the creation of more content, reflecting the broader goal of community engagement and social responsibility.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Demographic Phenomena
💡Migration
💡Urbanization
💡Economic Opportunities
💡Agricultural Crisis
💡Cultural Mestizaje
💡Informal Labor
💡Peripheral Areas
💡Economic Axes
💡Urban Sprawl
💡Sustainable Development
Highlights
Lima became the city where the most significant demographic phenomena occurred in the 20th century due to large migrations that transformed social structures.
From 1940, millions of Peruvians moved from rural areas to cities in search of better job opportunities and access to basic services, seeking a better quality of life.
The population of Peru grew significantly in the first half of the 20th century due to improvements in nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, and the use of medicines.
The Peruvian population quadrupled to approximately 6.2 million by 1940, and continued to grow rapidly, reaching 9.9 million by 1961.
The population growth occurred alongside an agricultural crisis in the Andean region and modernization of coastal agriculture, encouraging migration to coastal cities.
The migration led to a significant mestizaje (cultural mixing) in cities, with the mestizo population becoming the majority and Spanish being spoken by 65% of the population.
Migrants maintained economic ties with their rural origins, creating important economic links between cities and rural areas.
Peru transitioned from being a predominantly rural country to one where the majority of the population lived in cities.
Cities were unprepared for the massive influx of new residents, leading to the settlement of migrants in peripheral and marginal areas where they took on informal and precarious jobs.
Lima, the capital, had the highest per capita number of schools, universities, hospitals, urban infrastructure, and basic services compared to other regions.
Lima's political, economic, and technological centralism was a significant problem, causing inefficient administration across the country.
By 1940, Lima had 662,000 inhabitants, and today it exceeds 10 million, representing about one-third of Peru's population.
Rapid migration and population growth led to disorganized urban expansion, with new peripheral areas identified as shantytowns, human settlements, or young towns.
These peripheral areas gradually achieved district status, becoming important political, cultural, and economic centers despite initial deficiencies in utilities and communication infrastructure.
Efforts are needed to work towards a cleaner, fairer, more equal, and sustainable society and city, ensuring a better future for the next generations.
Transcripts
el siglo 20 posicionó a lima como la
ciudad en donde ocurrieron los más
importantes fenómenos demográficos
pues se dieron grandes migraciones que
transformaron las estructuras sociales y
cambiaron el rostro de la ciudad
a partir de 1940 millones de peruanos se
trasladaron del campo a la ciudad en
busca de mejores oportunidades laborales
y de mayor acceso a servicios básicos es
decir en busca de una mejor calidad de
vida
[Música]
hoy en arte historia analizaremos el
fenómeno de la migración en el perú del
siglo 20
uno de los factores que explican el
fenómeno migratorio es la explosión
demográfica en la primera mitad del
siglo 20 la mejoría en las condiciones
de alimentación
salubridad higiene y el uso de
medicamentos hizo que la población
peruana crezca significativamente
cuadriplicando sus cifras hasta alcanzar
los 6.2 millones de habitantes
aproximadamente en
1940
el ritmo de crecimiento era acelerado y
para 1961 se llegó a la sorprendente
cantidad de 9.9 millones de habitantes
este crecimiento poblacional se dio en
un contexto de crisis agrícola andina y
la modernización de la agricultura
costeña esto incentivo la migración a
las ciudades costeras y movilizó la
fuerza laboral a otras actividades
económicas de aquellas personas que no
lograban adaptarse a los sistemas de
trabajo agroindustriales
aunque la agricultura seguía ocupando a
más de la mitad de la población hubo
crecimiento importante en los sectores
de la industria minería construcción
transportes comercio administración
pública y las profesiones ejercidas
independientemente
la migración de la población andina
motivó un mayor mestizaje cultural en
las ciudades la población mestiza
alcanzó a ser mayoritaria y el
castellano era hablado por el 65% de los
habitantes invadiendo también los
espacios rurales por un efecto de rebote
debido a la expansión de la cobertura
educativa
también los vínculos que los migrantes
conservaban con su pueblo de origen
lograron crear ejes económicos
importantes entre las ciudades y las
zonas rurales las ciudades se convertían
en centros muy atractivos sobre todo
para la sociedad rural joven
de esta manera el perú dejó de ser un
país básicamente rural para convertirse
en un país cuya población se
concentraría mayoritariamente en las
ciudades
pero las ciudades no estaban preparadas
para la llegada masiva de estos nuevos
pobladores y no había capacidad para
albergarlos y ofrecerles empleos estos
se asentaron en áreas periféricas y
marginales y se dedicaron a labores
informales y precarias
de entre todas ellas sobresale lima
capital de la república del perú y
anteriormente capital del virreinato del
perú es aquí en donde se había alcanzado
a lo largo de los años una economía
relativamente estable y creciente para
sus habitantes
lima era la ciudad con más colegios per
cápita así como universidades hospitales
infraestructura urbana y servicios
básicos como agua desagüe luz teléfono
carreteras y vías de comunicación a
diferencia de las otras regiones que no
contaban con el mismo nivel de
desarrollo
se puede entender de esta manera que el
gran centralismo político económico y
tecnológico del imán era uno de los
principales problemas del país pues
hacía ineficiente una administración
justa que favoreciera a toda la nación
para 1940 esta ciudad tenía 662 mil
habitantes hoy supera los 10 millones es
decir aproximadamente la tercera parte
de los más de 33 millones de habitantes
del perú vive en la capital
solo san juan de lurigancho tiene tantos
habitantes como la ciudad de arequipa
que es la segunda ciudad más grande del
perú y casi la misma cantidad de
habitantes que todos los departamentos
de la madre de dios moquegua pasco
huancavelica y tacna juntos
debido a la migración acelerada ya la
multiplicación de la población las
ciudades crecieron desordenadamente con
las nuevas zonas que se formaron en la
periferia urbana se identificaban como
barriadas asentamientos humanos o
pueblos jóvenes pero poco a poco han ido
alcanzando la categoría de distritos
y aunque en un principio sufrían la
carencia de luz agua desagües y vías de
comunicación adecuadas desde finales del
siglo 20 se han ido constituyendo como
importantes núcleos políticos culturales
y económicos
tenemos que poner empeño para trabajar
por una sociedad y una ciudad más limpia
justa igualitaria y sostenible con el
paso de los años es deber de todos los
peruanos dejarles a nuestros hijos y
nietos una ciudad donde poder caminar
tranquilamente estudiar trabajar y
sonreír la pregunta es que estamos en
ese camino
[Música]
si te gustó el vídeo suscríbete regálame
un like y compártelo en tus redes
sociales con tus amigos y compañeros
hagamos más contenidos con tu ayuda el
equipo de arte historia te manda un
fuerte abrazo
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