Pertemuan 7 Pemrograman Terstruktur 2025

Summary

In this educational video, the instructor explains the key differences between structs and classes in C++, focusing on their default access modifiers and usage in object-oriented programming (OOP). The video covers the fundamentals of templates, access modifiers (public, private, and protected), constructors, and methods. Practical coding examples demonstrate the use of setters and getters to manage private members and show how inheritance works with protected members. The session also introduces the concept of constructors, both with and without parameters, and offers insights into error handling. A reminder about an upcoming assignment is also included.

Takeaways

• 😀 Classes and structs are both templates for creating objects in programming, with a key difference in the default access level of their members.
• 😀 By default, members of a class are private, while members of a struct are public.
• 😀 Structs are generally used for simpler data structures, while classes are used for more specific implementations like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
• 😀 The access modifiers in object-oriented programming (OOP) include public, private, and protected, with each offering different levels of access control.
• 😀 In structs, public access allows data members to be easily accessed and modified from outside the struct, unlike private access in classes.
• 😀 Constructors are special methods in a class that are called when an object is created, and they can be used to initialize objects with specific values.
• 😀 Setters and getters are used to access and modify private data members, allowing control over how values are set and retrieved from objects.
• 😀 When using classes with private access, data cannot be directly modified from outside the class, necessitating the use of setter and getter functions for interaction.
• 😀 Inheritance allows a subclass to access members of a superclass. Protected access modifiers enable data members to be accessible within the class and its subclasses.
• 😀 The script explains how constructors work with and without parameters, demonstrating how they can be used to initialize object attributes during object creation.
• 😀 The use of public access modifiers for functions and private for data members ensures a balance of data protection and functional flexibility within classes and structs.

Q & A

What is the primary difference between a class and a struct in C++?

The main difference is that a struct has public access members by default, while a class has private access members by default. Structs are typically used for simple data structures, whereas classes support more advanced features like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Why is access control important in object-oriented programming?

Access control helps protect the internal state of an object by preventing unauthorized external access to its data. It ensures that sensitive data can only be modified or accessed in controlled ways, typically through methods like getters and setters.

What does the 'private' access modifier do in a class?

The 'private' access modifier restricts access to the members of a class, meaning they cannot be accessed or modified directly from outside the class. These members can only be accessed within the class itself or by using public methods like getters and setters.

What is a constructor in C++ and how does it work?

A constructor is a special member function that is automatically called when an object of a class is created. It initializes the object and can optionally accept parameters to customize the initialization. Constructors can either be parameterized or non-parameterized.

What does the 'public' access modifier do in a class?

The 'public' access modifier allows members of a class to be accessed from anywhere, both inside and outside the class. It is typically used for methods and properties that need to be accessible to other objects or functions.

How does inheritance affect access control in C++?

Inheritance allows a derived class to access the public and protected members of its base class. However, private members of the base class cannot be accessed by the derived class unless they are explicitly provided through public methods.

What is the purpose of getters and setters in object-oriented programming?

Getters and setters are methods used to access or modify the private members of a class. They provide a controlled way of interacting with an object's internal state, ensuring that the state is only changed in a safe and valid manner.

What happens when you use 'protected' access in a class?

The 'protected' access modifier allows members to be accessed by derived classes (subclasses) but not by other classes outside of the inheritance hierarchy. This is useful for creating base classes where derived classes need to access certain members.

What is the significance of the 'this' pointer in a class?

'this' is a special pointer in C++ that refers to the current object of the class. It is used to differentiate between member variables and function parameters when they have the same name.

Can you explain the difference between using a class and a struct in terms of data accessibility?

In a struct, all members are public by default, meaning they can be accessed directly from outside the struct. In a class, members are private by default, requiring methods (like getters and setters) to access or modify them from outside the class.