Sejarah Kerajaan Sriwijaya

Summary

The video discusses the history of the Sriwijaya Kingdom, an ancient maritime empire based in Sumatra, Indonesia. The kingdom, which thrived from the 7th to the 13th century, was known for its dominance in Southeast Asian trade and military expansion. Sriwijaya controlled vital maritime routes, including the Sunda and Malacca Straits, becoming a hub for trade between China and India. It experienced its golden age during the 9th and 10th centuries, but eventually fell due to military defeats by the Chola Empire in the early 11th century. The collapse of Sriwijaya marked the end of its political and economic power.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sriwijaya was an ancient maritime kingdom that existed before Indonesia was formed, located in Sumatra.
• 😀 The name 'Sriwijaya' comes from the Sanskrit words 'Sri' meaning 'radiant' and 'Wijaya' meaning 'victory', symbolizing glorious victory.
• 😀 The earliest evidence of Sriwijaya's existence dates back to the 7th century, with a Chinese monk, I Tsing, visiting it in 671 AD.
• 😀 The center of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was located in the Muara Takus area, in present-day Riau Province, Indonesia.
• 😀 A key historical artifact from the kingdom is the 'Kedukan Bukit' inscription found in Palembang, dating around 683 AD.
• 😀 Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa was the first king of Sriwijaya and expanded the kingdom's territories by conquering Java with a 20,000-strong army.
• 😀 During King Samartungga's reign (795-835 AD), military expansion slowed, and more resources were devoted to strengthening control over Java.
• 😀 The majestic Borobudur Temple was constructed during Samartungga's reign and completed in 825 AD as a significant legacy of Sriwijaya.
• 😀 The 9th and 10th centuries marked the golden age of Sriwijaya as it dominated maritime trade routes across Southeast Asia.
• 😀 Sriwijaya controlled trade routes and collected taxes from ships passing through the Sunda and Malacca Straits, fostering great wealth.
• 😀 The downfall of Sriwijaya began with attacks from the Chola Dynasty, led by King Rajendra Chola, in 1007 and 1023 AD, weakening its military and economy, eventually leading to the kingdom's collapse in the 13th century.

Q & A

What is the meaning behind the name 'Sriwijaya'?

The name 'Sriwijaya' comes from Sanskrit, where 'Sri' means radiant or shining, and 'Wijaya' means victory. Thus, it can be interpreted as 'a glorious victory.'

When was the first evidence of the existence of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The oldest evidence of the Sriwijaya Kingdom dates back to the 7th century. A Chinese monk named I Tsing mentioned visiting Sriwijaya in 671 AD.

Where was the center of the Sriwijaya Kingdom located?

The center of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was located at the site of Candi Muara Takus, which is now in the Riau Province of Indonesia.

What is the 'Kedukan Bukit' inscription, and where was it found?

The 'Kedukan Bukit' inscription is an artifact from the Sriwijaya Kingdom, discovered in Palembang. It dates back to around 683 AD.

Who was the first king of Sriwijaya, and what was his contribution?

The first king of Sriwijaya was Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa. He led the expansion of the kingdom, mobilizing a military force of 20,000 soldiers and successfully conquering Java after an 8-day battle.

How did the reign of King Samartungga impact Sriwijaya's military expansion?

During King Samartungga's reign (795-835), Sriwijaya's military expansion slowed as he focused more on consolidating control over Java rather than further territorial conquest.

What significant construction occurred during King Samartungga's reign?

During King Samartungga's reign, the magnificent Borobudur Temple was built, which was completed in 825 AD and remains a key heritage site from the Sriwijaya Kingdom.

When was the golden age of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The golden age of Sriwijaya occurred during the 9th and 10th centuries, when it controlled vital maritime trade routes across Southeast Asia.

What made Sriwijaya a dominant power in Southeast Asia during its peak?

Sriwijaya's dominance was due to its control over maritime trade routes, its strategic position in the Sunda and Malacca Straits, and its imposition of customs duties on passing ships.

What led to the decline and eventual fall of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The decline of Sriwijaya began when King Rajendra Chola of the Chola Dynasty attacked the kingdom in 1007 and 1023 AD. These attacks weakened Sriwijaya's military and economic power, leading to the eventual collapse of the kingdom by the 13th century.